翻译文稿
Short-term
Generally speaking, I’m an average in English at present. As a result, it is so hard for me to read some longer and complicated passages. So I try best to summarize these questions and also make my plans based on them which are as follows: Firstly, I am going to review what I have learnt in grammar carefully before in order to master them well so that I can apply them skillfully. Meanwhile, I will also learn some new grammar knowledge. Furthermore, I am supposed to read more English originals aiming to improve my reading and ability to understand, such as IELTS primary readings and those concerning my major I have learnt. In addition, more listening practices are required, including VOA or IELTS and Cambridge 2 or 3, etc, in order to enhance my listening skills. What’s more, as for writing, I am determined to do a piece of writing once a week to practice and improve my writing skill. My goal in English is to reach CET 4 and at the same time prepare for the IELTS study and examination next year.
Secondly, one of the most important I need to do is to enrich my vocabulary. As for vocabulary, I only master almost 1,500 now, which is far from inefficient for my present and future study. Based on this problem, I plan to learn and remember more words, at least 3,000, especially IELTS words, to meet the needs of my study.
At last, besides English study, I am going to ensure that my major subjects should be passed without any difficulties. Therefore, after class, I will complete all the tasks that the teachers give us carefully and also accomplish the papers and hand in them on time.
Medium-term
My three goals for my next year can be listed as follows:
First, my IELTS is supposed to be 5.5. To ensure this goal to be reached, first of all, I am going to read more readings about IELTS so that I can improve my reading and ability to understand the articles. Listening practices are also needed and more relative listening materials should be studied with the aim to improve my listening, such as VOA or IELTS and Cambridge 6 or 7. In my spare time, I plan to watch more films or videos about English-speaking countries to improve my spoken English, which is helpful to me to communicate with others. With these preparations, I am going to attend the IELTS exam and try to get 5.5—6.0 in December next year.
Second, in terms of my major subjects, my goal is to master what I have learnt so well that I can apply them skillfully in my practices. Moreover, I will try best to reach B in each subject aiming to offer solid foundation for my further study abroad.
Third, I plan to enrich my knowledge, knowledge in business in particular. For example, I can read more works in business and financial to satisfy my curiosity about business. Moreover, I can learn a lot from the cases of those successful enterprises, including texts or videos.
In the final, in the winter vacation next year, I will consult the questions about further study abroad. Above all, I am supposed to choose the most suitable university for me. And I know it is not easy to decide which one is the most suitable. So I will choose some universities at the beginning and finally decide which one is my favor based on my study in the second half of the next year. Once settled, I am going to
prepare the relative materials for the further study and know the procedures. Of the preparations, one of the most urgent I need to do is to know more the country and the environment where I will live when I study abroad.
Long-term
I need to do the followings when I begin to study abroad.
First of all, I need to adapt myself to the new environment in the first year from September 1st,2015 to August 31st,2016 for my future study. Meanwhile, I will try to improve myself based on the reality, which requires that I need to look back what I have done and summarize the lessons I have learnt in my experiences.
Second, I need to improve my all abilities, such as being independent, self-study and self-control, etc. With these abilities improved, I will adapt myself to the new environment more rapidly.
Third, in study, I am sure to attend classes on time and never to be late for class. I will listen to my teachers attentively in class and after class I will complete each task the teachers give me so that I can guarantee that I won’t waste time, even every minute. Through my efforts, I am going to master what I have learnt completely and apply them flexibly, based on which I can promise that I will pass all the exams without difficulties.
Fourth, during the vacation, I will look back the whole year and summarize the shortages and put up with efficient measures to improve them in the coming year.
Fifth, during the second year from September 1st, 2016 to August 31st,2017, I will study harder than before with the aim to pass all the exams and obtain the certificate for bachelor’s degree.
Sixth, before January 31st,2018, according to the personal advantages and disadvantages and the requirements from major subject, I will search the relative jobs suitable for me and at the same time I begin to prepare my resume for the jobs.
Seventh, after graduation, I will find a suitable job within my ability in the local to increase the working experience, which, I believe, can lay a solid foundation for my further development in the future.
Finally, at the end of the three-year working abroad, I will analyze my situation and reality from the aspects of economic environment, social environment and my abilities and then decide whether I should continue to work abroad or return China for my development.
With heavier school work and colder weather, I return home very late and I always feel so exhausted every day. After meals, I often feel so sleepy that in can prevent me from completing my tasks each day. What’s more, because of the heavier school work in the first term year, I am so tired. Moreover, with the final term exam approaching, I will be sure to be busier with the result of being more tired so that I may give up learning when I cannot afford it. In addition, as we all know, there are more festivals at the end of each year, such as Christmas Day and New Year’s Day when my relatives and friends will invite me to the parties, which will certainly occupy my time for study. Based on these problems, I am determined to solve them by the following ways:
First, keep off the phone when I study. For example, I can put it in the sitting room or others.
Second, after the busy school work, I can have a nap for a while before I continue to study more. To avoid oversleeping, I will set alarm clock to awake me up.
Third, when I want to give up due to the stress coming from the final exam, I will spare my time to relax myself. For example, I can have a chat with my close friends over meals or do some exercises in the gym to release the pressure.
Finally, as for the parties, I will not attend them if possible and persuade my friends and relatives to have the party in the winter vacation. Otherwise, I am going to make full use of my free time to make up for what I haven’t learnt in time and efficiently in order not to miss any study.
翻译文本
第一部分：报刊杂文翻译 说明：将第二段译成汉语，注意对下划线部分的理解与翻译。 What kind of life do you want ten years from now? What haven’t you committed yourself to that essential to shaping that future? And since time is finite, and you are probably already juggling more than you can comfortably handle which activities will you forgo to make time for higher priorities? Shaping our future depends on the choices we make. We must practice giving ourselves the things that sustain us. We have the skills to do so, now we must develop the will. We have mastered the art of turning crumbs into loaves, now we must raise our standards for we deserve, create the lives we want to live. It is God’s will that we live abundantly. What we have is the universe’s gift to us. What we become is our gift to the universe. 翻译： 我们的选择决定着塑造自己怎样的未来。我们必须练习掌握给予自己获得支撑的东西。做到这一点，我们有很多方法。现在我们必须培养我们的毅力。我们已经掌握了讲面包屑变为面包片的艺术。为了获得，创造我们想要的生活，现在我们必须提升自己的档次。上帝的意愿是让我们获得丰富充实。我们拥有的是世界给我们的礼物。我们能有何作为是我们给这个世界的礼物。 第二部分：诗词英汉翻译 说明：将下面这首词译成汉语，注意译文的“神韵”。 We have more compromises, but less time; We have more knowledge, but less judgment; We have more medicines, but less health; We have multiplied out possessions, but reduced out valves; We talk much, we love only a little, and we hate too much. 翻译： 我们有很多和解方案，但是我们缺少时间； 我们有很多知识，但是我们缺乏判断力； 我们有很多药物，但是却不怎么健康； 我们能是财富增倍，但是却丧失了它的价值； 我们谈论太多，我们爱少恨多。 第三部分：散文英汉翻译 说明：将下段译成汉语，注意下划线部分的准确翻译。 原文： His daughter , whose name was Blanche, had the clear-eyed gaze and serene mouth which point to a soul that conceives only saintly thoughts and lips that speak only pious words. She greeted her brother’s return with smiles, unaware, chaste young woman that she was, that in a far country a courtesan had sacrificed her own happiness to the mere mention of her name. I stayed for some time in this happy family which directed every waking thought to the son who had brought them a convalescent heart. 翻译：
翻译原稿
Struts——an open-source MVC implementation This article introduces Struts, a Model-View-Controller implementation that uses servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. Struts can help you control change in your Web project and promote specialization. Even if you never implement a system with Struts, you may get some ideas for your future servlets and JSP page implement- tation. Introduction Kids in grade school put HTML pages on the Internet. However, there is a monumental difference between a grade school page and a professionally developed Web site. The page designer (or HTML developer) must understand colors, the customer, product flow, page layout, browser compatibility, image creation, JavaScript, and more. Putting a great looking site together takes a lot of work, and most Java developers are more interested in creating a great looking object interface than a user interface. JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology provides the glue between the page designer and the Java developer. If you have worked on a large-scale Web application, you understand the term change. Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a design pattern put together to help control change. MVC decouples interface from business logic and data. Struts is an MVC implementation that uses Servlets 2.2 and JSP 1.1 tags, from the J2EE specifications, as part of the implementation. You may never implement a system with Struts, but looking at Struts may give you some ideas on your future Servlets and JSP implementations. Model-View-Controller (MVC) JSP tags solved only part of our problem. We still have issues with validation, flow control, and updating the state of the application. This is where MVC comes to the rescue. MVC helps resolve some of the issues with the single module approach by dividing the problem into three categories: Model The model contains the core of the application's functionality. The model
BI翻译文稿
第四部分实施一个业务智能系统（BIS） 14 项目规划 缺乏一个项目规划对于实施BI项目来讲是一个错误，这几乎对于所有的IT项目来讲都一样，但是对于BI项目来讲，过分地进行项目规划也是一个错误。这似乎令人惊讶，其实过分进行项目规划会导致项目实施进度的拖延，从而使系统预期达到的问题解决背景早已发生了变化。 项目规划注意事项： 项目需要合适的人员参与 团队人员必须要包含IT和业务人员，人员角色一般包含以下几种： ?Business problem understander(s). 明白BI系统将要解决的问题； ?OLAP expert. 了解OLAP技术的功能和限制； ?Source data expert. 清楚数据仓库或者数据集市（Data mart)中的数据从哪种事务处理系统中获取； ?Infrastructure advisor基础架构师，熟悉网络拓扑和数据传输路由，能解决诸如网络通过性、带宽、服务器能力等问题； ?Application or information delivery specialist应用或信息发布专家，只建立数据仓库是不够的，还必须将信息发布到用户，需要明白应用发布的机制，负责选择发布的应用和工具； ?Project leader/manager 项目经理，协调其他角色，确保项目达到目标和各个里程碑。 规划 规划，但不要过度规划，一个好的规划项目大致分为以下5个步骤： 1、Determine KPIs 决定KPI，取得组织、公司、部门级的目 标，将其并列放置，回答问题：“什么是关键绩效指标？”， “我们如何度量管理成果？”，这将是我们得出下一个问题的 答案：“什么是度量标准，这些标准的属性是什么？”
文本与翻译
道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。 万物负阴而抱阳，冲气以为和。 人之所恶，唯孤寡不谷，而王公以为称。 故物之损之而益，或益之而损， 人之所教，我亦教之，强梁者不得其死，吾将以为教父。 The way begets one; one begets two; The Tao begets the One, two begets three; three begets the The One consists of Two in opposition myriad creatures. (the Yin and Yang) The myriad creatures carry on the backs The Two begets the Three The yin and embrace in their arms The Three begets all things of the world the yang and are blending of the GuZhengkun generative force of the two. D.C. Lau 水调歌头（明月几时有） 明月几时有？把酒问青天。 不知天上宫阙、今夕是何年？ 我欲乘风归去，惟恐琼楼玉宇，高处不胜寒．起舞弄清影，何似在人间？ 转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠。 不应有恨、何事长向别时圆？ 人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。但愿人长久，千里共蝉娟。 Shuidiaogetou The Bright Moon Tune: “Prelude to the Melody of Water” By Xu Yuanchong On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival of 1076, I drank happily till dawn and wrote this in my Cups while thinking of Ziyou. How long will the bright moon appear? Wine-cup in hand, I ask the sky. I do not know what time of year It would be tonight in the palace on high. Riding the wind, there I would fly. Yet I fear the crystal palace would be Far too high and cold for me. I rise and dance, with my shadow I play. On high as on earth, would it be as gay? The moon goes round the mansion red Through gauze-draped windows soft to shed Her light upon the sleepless bed. Against man she should have no spite. Why then when people part is she oft full and bright? Men have sorrow and joy, they part or meet again; The moon may be bright or dim, she may wax or wane. There has been nothing perfect since the olden days. So let us wish that man Will live long as he can! Though mi les apart, we’ll share the beauty she displays. 月下独酌 李白 花间一壶酒，独酌无相亲。举杯邀明月，对影成三人。月既不解饮，影徒随我身。暂伴月将影，行乐须及春。我歌月徘徊，我舞影零乱。醒时同交欢，醉后各分散。永结无情游，相期邈云汉 Last Words An arbor of flowers
翻译文稿(参考)
非言语交际 非言语交际中出现的错误往往比言语交际中的错误更难避免。比如说，会谈时目光交流多少次才是恰当的，在不同国家就差别很大。和日本人谈判时，我学会了在谈判桌上要不时地与对方的目光错开，不能一直盯着对方。东南亚人也对直视感到不舒服。我刚到新加坡工作的第一周，我的秘书就紧张地问我：“老板，你为什么老是那么严厉地盯着我们？”在东亚和东南亚要学会不去直视时方，而在地中海地区、西亚和拉丁美洲谈生意时，你就得故意忘掉这些。这些感情外露的人把眼睛当作“心灵的窗户”。在交谈中，他们直视你以表示他们对谈话感兴趣，还表示诚实和真诚。如果你不直视对方，，你就会被认为是不真诚——甚至是不诚实的。恰当的目光交流对社会交往．也是很重要的。在美国，当人们和朋友肩并肩地行走时，目光通常是向前看的。但在感情丰富的南欧人看来，这种行为会被认为是冷酷和不近人情的。在这些地区，人们更喜欢在交谈时读懂你目光和面部表情中透露的含义。 另外一个重要的方面是注意谈话人之间的距离这也因文化的不同而不同。比如，两个美国商人第一次见面时保持一个手臂长度的距离，而两个阿拉伯人首次见面就几乎是脸对着脸。对西亚人来说，“保持一臂的距离”是不友好的表示。另一个形体语言的不同是人们之间的触摸方式，这种行为像英法这样的近邻之间差异都很大。研究人员最近对在巴黎和伦敦咖啡馆中的情侣们摄像，并数了他们在一个小时中相互触摸的次教：记录显示，在巴黎平均一小时触摸次左右，而在伦敦，一次都没有。 美国工业革命 同英国一样，美国工业化是艰难的，同时对社会造成了深远的影响。工业化导致农业人口下降，农业经济的地位下滑。虽然耕地面积和农业人口有一定增加，但相对于商业、制造业和服务业的稳步增长，其地位明显减弱。1790年首次联邦统计数字显示，农业人口比例在不断下降。到19世纪末为止，农业劳动者从占据劳动者总量的75%减低到40%。 新技术应用于农业。由于劳动力不足和农产品市场需求量的激增，刺激了农业生产机械化的进程。机械化生产提高了生产效率，使得用更少的人手得到更高地产量。新的平地机、播种机、耕种机、除草机、脱粒机还有收获机，在1860年相继涌现。19世纪末期，农民还在使用动力较差的蒸汽动力，到1905年左右他们已开始应用汽油动力拖拉机。同时，美国开展农业科学系统化生产，诸如基因育种技术等应运而生。拥有这些技术，在加上化肥和杀虫剂的使用，使得农业生产力大幅增长。 与英国相同，美国工业革命导致社会变革。城市人口增加，农村人口下降，劳动力组成变化显著。导致以农业为主体经济向以制造业为主体转变，美国城市的数量和人口均大幅增长。从1860年到1900年，美国城市面积增长了五倍。随着新增城市的涌现，城市里的罢工事件越发频繁。1860年美国只有容纳来十万人口的九座城市，而1900年城市数量达到了38座。正如英国上世纪的批评家所言，美国人把这些工业和商业中心视为挤满受压迫工人的肮脏并且黑暗的地方。但无论城市的生活有什么缺陷，都没有阻止美国城市拓展的进程，来自美国乡下和欧洲的大批移民纷纷涌入城市。1790年美国城市人口仅占总人口的5%，现在却超过了75%。这种长期趋势是社会工业化发展的特征，当今亚洲和拉丁美洲地区的工业革命也有同样的现象。
翻译文章
Appendix Research Car from the Academe From October, 1979 to September, 1981, about 35 student engineers and instructors at four technical universities in West Germany worked full time to create a research car. They were sponsored in part by a grant from the BMFT. The project was coordinated by Professor Bert Breuer in Darmstadt. The result is a roomy family car with sedan/wagon profile, diesel power, and front-wheel drive. The project came into being under the same BMFT program in which Audi, Mercedes-Benz, and V olkswagen participated. But in September, 1981 it was announced that only the Uni-Car (University-Car) qualified for continued BMFT funds. Support for the other projects was terminated. This left the car companies to pursue their research an development work independently. Whether the Uni-Car is better than what the motor industry can com up with or not, it is worth a closer look. A lot of thought has gone into it, and some of the solutions are daring yet realistic. The universities placed greater emphasis on passive safety than the car companies. Throughout the car, its designers have aimed for new solutions in simplified maintenance, easier repairs, and longer life. Suitability for mass production also has been a fundamental requirement. Foremost among the design objectives was a 25-mpg average fuel
白岩松耶鲁大学演讲稿翻译稿
My Story and the Chinese Dream Behind It In the past twenty years, China has faced three American presidents, but till coming to Yale today, I never realized that China really just faced one university. Although, through these three presidents, I understand that the quality of Yale graduates is not so even. Let me begin my main subject and let me give it a title, called “My Story and the Chinese Dream Behind It”. I want to talk about five particular years. The first is 1968. That year I was born. But it was also a chaotic year for the world. In France, there was this huge street disturbance, and in America, too. Then President Kennedy was assassinated. However, I really did not cause all of these! But that year what ?we remember more was the assassination of Mr. Martin Luther King. Although he fell that year, his words “I have a dream” stood up, not only stood up in America, but across the whole world. But sadly, not only for me, but for almost all Chinese, we did not know such a dream. It was hard to describe each Chinese as having his or her own dream. China and America were so far apart, no less far apart than the Moon and the Earth. But I didn’t care about any of that. All I cared about was could I have a full meal. Clearly, I was born at a very inconvenient time, not only for China, but even for the world, there were problems. In 1978, ten years later, I was 10. I still lived in the very little city that had only 200 thousand people at the time I was born. It was 2000 km from Beijing. If you wanted to read the newspaper from Beijing, you waited three days. So for us, there was no such thing as news. That year my grandfather passed away. Two years before that my father passed away. So there was just my mother left to take care of me and my brother. Her monthly salary was not even ten dollars. As a result, even though I was 10, the word “dream” was still not in my vocabulary, and I would never think of it. I could not see hope in this family, but only felt bitter cold every winter. Where we lived was close to the Soviet Union. Yet the 1978 in which I could not see hope was also the year
英语文章及翻译图文稿
英语文章及翻译 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
What sports and other activities do you participate in What kinds of foods do you eat What kind of people do you spend time with Your answers to these and similar questions reflect your total health. Health is a combination of physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being. These parts of your health work together to build good overall health. 你参加过什么体育活动和其他活动吗你吃什么食物你和什么样的人在一起你对这些问题或者类似的问题的回答反映出了你整体的健康状况。健康是身体、心里和社会安宁感的集合。这些健康的部分结合起来搭建了一个完整的健康体系。 Often, good health is pictured as a triangle with equal sides. As shown in Figure 1.1, one side of the triangle is your physical health. Another side is your mental/emotional health, and the third side is your social health. Like the sides of a triangle, the three “sides” of health meet. They are connected. If you ignore any one side, your total health suffers. By the same token, if you make improvements to one side, the others benefit. For example, when you participate in physical activities, you improve your physical health. This helps you feel good about yourself, benefiting your mental
翻译文本
Publication numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the 60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1. 出版物的期号 从1997年的1月起，所有的IEC出版物都以6000系列发布。比如说，IEC34-1现在指的是IEC60034-1。 固定版权 IEC现在发行它的出版物的固定版权，比如说，版权号码为1.0,1.1和1.2就分别指的是基础出版物，包含修订本1的基础出版物，包含修订版本2的基础出版物。 有关IEC出版物的更进一步的信息 IEC出版物的技术内容经常被ＩＥＣ修订，以确保出版物的内容反映当前的技术。与此出版物相关的信息及它的正确性，新的版本，修订案都可在ＩＥＣ出版物的目录中（如下）可以获得。正在考虑的课题的信息及技术委员会为准备此出版物所正在研究的工作，出版物发布的列表都可以从以下获得： IEC网址： IEC出版物的种类： IEC仅出版的： 客户服务中心： 电子邮件：
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国际电工委员会 电力变压器，电源装置，电抗器及类似装置的安全第一部分基本要求和测试 前言
说明
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苏教版论语孟子选读全文翻译图文稿
苏教版论语孟子选读全 文翻译 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
1 子曰：“学而时习之,不亦说乎有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎” 【译文】孔子说：“学习并且不断温习,不是很愉快的事吗有朋友从远 方来,不是很高兴吗人家不了解我,我也不怨恨,这样的人不是君子吗” 2 子曰：“君子食无求饱,居无求安,敏于事而慎于言,就有道而正焉,可 谓好学也已.” 【译文】孔子说：“君子饮食不求满足,居处不求舒适,勤勉做事而说话谨慎,到有贤德的人那里去匡正自己,可以说是好学的了.” 3 子贡曰：“贫而无谄,富而无骄,何如?”子曰：“可也；未若贫而乐, 富而好礼者也.” 子贡曰：“诗云：‘如切如磋,如琢如磨’,其斯之谓与?”子曰：“赐也,始可与言《诗》已矣,告诸往而知来者.” 【译文】子贡说：“贫穷而不谄媚,富有却不骄傲自大,怎么样?”孔子说：“可以了；但是还不如贫穷而乐于道,有钱却谦虚好礼的好.” 子贡说：“《诗经》说：‘既像雕刻骨器,又像雕刻象牙；既像雕琢玉, 又像雕刻石一样下功夫,大概说的就是这个道理吧?’”孔子曰：“子贡啊,现在可以和你讨论《诗经》了,提起学过的知识,你就知道将来要学的知识,并有所发挥.” 4 子曰：“不患人之不己知,患不知人也.” 【译文】孔子说：“不怕别人不了解我,就怕自己不了解别人.” 5 子曰：“吾十有五而志于学,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六 十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不矩.”
【译文】孔子说：“我十五岁立志学习,三十岁立足于社会,四十掌握了各种知识,五十岁了解并顺应了自然规律,六十岁对耳闻的东西能融会贯通,七十岁可以随心所欲,又不超越礼的准则” 6 子曰：“君子周而不比,小人比而不周.” 【译文】孔子说：“君子普遍地团结人而不相互勾结；小人相互勾结而不能普遍地团结人.” 7 子曰：“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆.” 【译文】孔子说：“只读书而不深入思考就会茫然无所知；只是空想而不读书就会产生疑惑.” 8 子曰：“见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也.” 【译文】孔子说：“看见贤德的人就要想着向他看齐,看见不贤德的人就要自己内反省是否有和他一样的行为.” 9 子曰：“道不行,乘桴浮于海.从我者,其由与?”子路闻之喜.子曰：“由也好勇过我,无所取材.” 【译文】孔子说：“礼乐之道如果不能推行,我就乘竹筏漂浮到海外去.跟从我的人,就只有仲由了吧?”子路听了很高兴.孔子又说：“仲由好勇超过了我,这就没有什么可取的了.” 10 子贡问曰：“孔文子何以谓之‘文’也?”子曰：“敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之‘文’也.” 【译文】子贡问道：“卫国的大夫孔文子为什么称他的谥号为‘文’呢?”孔子说：“他聪敏而又虚心好学,不以请教别人为耻,所以才称他为‘文’呀.”
游侠列传翻译图文稿
游侠列传翻译 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
游侠列传翻译 鲁国的朱家与刘邦是同一时代的人。鲁国人都用儒教来教育，而朱家却因为是侠士而闻名。他所收留和救活的有名人物有几百个，其余被救的普通人说也说不完。但他始终不夸耀自己的才能，不炫耀他对别人的恩德，只怕再见到那些受过自己好处的人。他救济别人的困难，首先从贫贱的开始。他家中没有多余的钱财，衣服连一处完整的花纹都没有，吃饭时没有两样菜，乘坐的不过是个挽軥的小牛。他一心为别人的危难奔走，超过自己的私事。他曾经暗中使季布将军摆脱了被杀的厄运，等到季布将军地位尊贵之后，他却终身不肯与季布相见。从函谷关往东，没有谁不伸长脖子盼望同他交朋友。 郭解是轵县人，字翁伯。他是善于给人相面的许负的外孙子。郭解的父亲因为行侠，在汉文帝时被杀。郭解为人个子矮小，精明强悍，不喝酒。他小时候内心狠毒，稍有不快时，亲自杀的人很多。他不惜牺牲生命去替朋友报仇，藏匿亡命之徒犯法抢劫不断，停下来就私铸钱币，盗挖坟墓，本来就数也数不清。但总能恰逢上天相助，在窘迫危急时常常脱身，或者遇到大赦。等到郭解年令大了，反而转变操行，抑制自己，用恩德报答那些对自己不满的人，多施恩于别人，少望别人报答自己。但他自己喜欢行侠的思想越来越强烈。救了别人的生命之后，却不自夸功劳，但狠毒依然附着在他的心上，表现出瞪着眼睛看人的样子。当时的少年仰慕他的行为，也常常为他报仇，却不让他知道。郭解姐姐的儿子依仗郭解的势力，同别人喝酒，让人家喝干杯中酒。人家承受不了这么大酒量，不能再喝了，他却强行灌酒。那人发怒，拔刀剌死
文本类型及相关翻译策略
文本类型及相关翻译策略 摘要：文本类型是语言学、语用学里一项重要的内容，其发展的历史轨迹也影响到了翻译的方方面面。文本的分类是翻译的参考性依据，近些年来也引起越来越多的关注，不少人致力于文本类型及翻译策略的研究。其中，德国翻译理论家凯瑟琳莱斯提出的文本类型理论不仅为翻译研究、方法和翻译批评的科学化提供了理论依据，同时也为如何精准翻译提供了具体可操作的方法。 关键词：文本类型理论；翻译策略；凯瑟琳莱斯 一、文本类型理论 长久以来，语言一直被分为功能性语言(functional language)和文学性语言(literary language),如果硬要通俗点说，可能和日常生活中我们所说的口头语和书面语是较为类似的。由此可见，两种语言的所用的地点和所起的作用是不尽相同的。再进一步细化，Karl Buhler将其分为信息性文本(informative)，表达性文本(expressive)，还有呼唤性文本(vocative)，这三种类型也与人认知的三方面相切合：思考(thinking or perceiving)，感觉(feeling)和意愿(willing)。凯瑟琳娜莱斯(Katharine Reiss)是德国功能派翻译理论的代表人物之一。她认为翻译前必须先对翻译材料进行文本类型分类，然后根据文本类型选择合适的翻译策略和方法。根据之前的三种分类，莱斯进行了详尽的解释：1)信息功能文本(informative)，凡是旨在传递信息、知识、意见等事实的文本，皆属于信息功能文本，文本的重心在其内容和主题；2)表达功能文本(expressive)，强调文本的创造性构建和语言的美学层面，突出文本作者及文本本身；3)呼唤功能文本(vocative)，旨在通过说服文本读者或者接受者采取某种行动，从行为上对文本作出反应，其语言特点是对话式的，文本的重点在于感召。 这三种文本也与人际交流和沟通的三方面相对应：发送人(sender, speaker or writer)，接受人(receiver, hearer or reader)，话题(topic or information)。如此一来，我们也可以将这三种文本与人际沟通的内容也挂上等号。1)信息功能文本(informative)对应的是事实传递的普通交流(plain communication of facts)，类似新闻、知识、信息、观点、争论、感觉、论断等都属于这一类。实际上的信息价值是零，信息就是交流本身；交流完毕，信息也传达完毕。2)与表达功能文本
(完整)商务英语翻译课程总结,推荐文档
商务英语翻译课程总结 一、教学 商务英语翻译课程于英语专业第五学期开设，是英语专业课程体系高年级阶段的专业核心技能课程。该课程总学时36学时，含实践课程12学时。本课程着重讲解了商务英语翻译过程中的技巧和方法，是一门专业性与实践性很强的课程。 本课程选用的教材为《世纪商务英语:翻译教程(第三版)》是普通高等教育"十一五"国家级规划教材，以培养学生翻译实践能力为核心，以英语实用文体的分类为整体框架，围绕商务英语专业知识和商务业务环境中的各种"真实材料"，结合相关翻译方法和技巧的讲解，以及文化背景知识的介绍，并提供有针对性的培养和强化学生实践能力的各种类型的翻译练习。全书共设12个单元，以实用文体的分类进行排列，涵盖了标识、商标、商用表格、单证、产品说明、公司介绍、广告、公关文稿、商务信函、商务报告、报刊文摘等常见文体。每单元由八大模块组成：（1）Introduction; (2) Lead-in;(3) Methods and Techniques; (4) Useful Words and Expressions; (5) Complimentary Reading (6) Notes (7) Practice; (8) Classic Translation. 授课过程中本人采取讲解为辅，学生练习为主的授课方法。并采用了多媒体等现代化教学手段来提高教学质量。同时加强了对学生课外学习和课外实践活动的指导和组织，使课外学习和实践活动成为教学工作中的一个组成部分和教师工作的一部分。另外，在充分利用现有的教学设备和条件的基础上，开发新的教学资源，例如网络资源，督促学生自觉地利用网络上丰富的翻译资源进行自学和自我测试，不断提高学生的学习自觉性，是现代教育技术为现有的教学方式和手段提供重要的补充。 在讲授新的课程单元之前，分配学生预习工作，要求他们以小组的形式分工合作，通过网络以及查阅各种课外书籍的方式寻找所需资料。并以任务完成情况作为他们期末考试的依据之一，在一定程度上调动了学生的学习积极性，避免了老师上课“一言堂”的现象的发生。 在实践课程的教学环节中，针对大三学生即将面临的工作应聘需要，实训课的授课内容主要与学生就业求职的工作岗位需要联系起来。本人指导了学生学习
《桂林山水翻译文稿》
景点简介 Introduction to scenic spots 桂林漓江风景区 Guilin Lijiang River scenic spot 桂林漓江风景区是世界上规模最大、风景最美的岩溶山水游览区，千百年来它不知陶醉了多 少文人墨客。桂林漓江风景区以桂林市为中心，北起兴安灵渠，南至阳朔，由漓江一水相连。桂林山水向以“山青、水秀、洞奇”三绝闻名中外。从桂林至阳朔，漓江水路全程83公里。从 磨盘山码头或竹江码头上船，行程约60公里。漓江风光最优美的路段，是启程码头到兴坪之间约40公里的河道上。 Guilin Lijiang River scenic spot is the largest and most beautiful karst landscape scenic resort in the world. For one thousand years it attracted many poets and literary men. Guilin Lijiang River scenic spot centers on Guilin. To the north it starts from Xing'an Lingqu; to the north it stretches to Yangshuo. It is connected by Lijiang River. The landscape of Guilin is world-famous for its “Green hills clear water and fantastic caves”. The waterway length of Lijiang River from Guilin to Yangshuo is 83 km. You shall board a ship from Mopanshan mountain wharf or bamboo river wharf. The total length is about 60 km. The most beautiful scenery of Lijiang River is from the departure wharf to Xingping which is a river-way about 40km. 漓江堪称百里画卷。青峰夹岸，绿水萦洄，峡谷峭壁，悬泉飞瀑，绿洲险滩，奇洞美石，景 致万千，画卷随着游船顺流而下逐渐展开，尤以草坪、冠岩、杨堤、兴坪为胜，到达阳朔碧 莲峰时为佳胜顶点。 Lijiang River is famous as a hundred-kilometer-long landscape scroll. The green peaks clamp two banks the green water flows around the gorges and cliff are creep the hanging springs and the flying waterfalls are vivid the oasis and the dangerous shoals are famous the caves are fantastic and the rocks are charming. There are various scenes. The picture scroll slowly unfolds as the boat goes down the river. Scenes of Caoping Guanyan Yangdi and Xingping are the most popular ones. You will see the best scenery in Yangshuo Green-lotus Hill. 遇龙河 Yulong River 遇龙河位于广西桂林市阳朔县的一条河，是指白沙世外桃源至大榕树工农桥段，长约16公里，宽38—61米，深0.5—2米，常年水质清澈，水流缓缓。遇龙河两岸山峰清秀迤逦，连绵起伏，形态万千，江岸绿草如茵，翠竹葱郁，树木繁荫。遇龙河的水如同绿色的翡翠，清澈透亮，鱼儿闲游，水筏飘摇，一一可见。微风拂过水面，泛起阵阵涟漪，如同小提琴奏出的音符，静静的，轻轻的。 Yulong River is located in Yangshuo County in Guangxi. It is from the Shangri-la or Arcadia in Baisha to the Gongnong Bridge in big Banyan. It is about 16 kilometers long 38-61 meters wide and 0.5—2 meters deep. Its water is clean all the year around and its water flows slowly. Mountain peaks on both banks of Yulong River are comely remarkable. The rolling hills are in various shapes the carpet of grasses on its river banks is green the green bamboos are verdant and the trees make a pleasant shade. The scenery of Yulong River is like a green jade. Its waters are clear with fish swimming leisurely and water rafts swaying. Breeze blew the water ripples like notes played on a violin quietly and gently.