必修一Unit 2 语法

直接引语变为间接引语时时态不变的7种情况

（1)直接引语阐述的是一成不变的科学真理，客观事实，格 言，变为间接引语时其
时态不变。
Our geography teacher said to us,"The sun rises in the east and sets tn the west." --Our geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west
Unit 2 English around the world
Grammer
直接引语和间接引语 （二）
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)

——祈使句
朗读下列句子，并注意总结它们的特点
(1)“Stand up！” the teacher said to us. →The teacher told us to stand up. (2)He said to them, “Don't go out at night.” →He ordered them not to go out at night. (3)He said，“Let's go to the museum.” →He asked us/me to go to the museum.
4.My English teacher advised I _____keep my mouth shut to improve my spoken English.
A. to C. not 答案：C advise 后跟从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 “should +动词原形”，should可以省略。主语I 限制了 advised后接的是宾语从句。若用动词不定式表达，应用宾格 me. B. not to D. mustn't
--Jim asked his mother if he had to go to bed at eight.

(7)如果直接引语用的是虚拟语气，变为间接引语时，时态不变
"I insist that you give up smoking,"said the doctor. --The doctor insisted that I givep up smoking.
答案：B
祈使句变为间接引语时，要在祈使句的动词原形前加上 动词不定式符号to，否定形式在to前加not，如果句中有 please，应去掉。本句中否定的是to knock off，而非to be careful，故不选D项。
2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him______. A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 答案：A 本题考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法，但也可把后 一分句看做祈使句转换为间接引语，假如用直接引语可写成 “...but his mother said to him,'Don't ride your bicycle in the street.'” 改成间接引语应为“...but his mother told him not to ride his bicycle in the street.”, 因前一分句中有to ride...,因此可忽略，故选A 项。



--She asked me to help her with her homework.
One of the doctors said,"Let me go on with the operation,Dr Bethune." --One of the doctors begged Dr Bethune to let him go on with the operation.
误区警示：

a.有些表建议，要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可以 用suggest，insist，offer等动词加以转述，此时要注意这些 词的固定搭配。
He said,"Let's walk the dog." --He suggested that we (should) walk the dog.
Fred will say,"I haven't packed up yet."
--Fred will say that he hasn't packed up yet.
(6)有些情态动词没有过去式，当由直接引语变为间接引语时，
可以用原来的情态动词，也可以用其它形式表达。
"You mustn't cross the road against the red
练பைடு நூலகம்：
1.She asked me ______ knock off the glass of water. A.please be careful not to C.to be careful to not B.to be careful to not D.not to be careful to
light,"said the policeman.
--The policeman said that I mustn't cross the road
against the red light.
"Must I go to bed at eight?"Jim asked his mother.
结论：以上直接引语中句子为________句。在用间接引语转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动 词变为动词不定式，并在不定式前面加上________，________，order等转述动词。 答案：祈使；tell；ask
The hostess said to us,"Please sit down." --The hostess asked us to sit down. He said,"Don't take off your overcoat." --He told me not to take off my overcoat. 学法点拨：去掉引号要加to，ask，tell须记住，替换said不 考虑。please去掉莫迟疑；直引若是否定式，to前not来表示。

(2)直接引语阐述的是过去的客观事实，变为间接引语时，时 态不变。 Our history teacher taught us,"The people's Republic of China was founded in 1949."
--Our history teacher taught us that the people's
b.当祈使句作直接引语表示请求时，变间接引语常采 用request/beg/ask sb.to do sth的形式。若原句中没 有称呼语，通常可加上me,him.us等。

The teacher said."Will you please not smoke here?" --The teacher requested us not to smoke there. "Could you help me with my homework?"she said.
3.The manager told her_______to post the letters by 3:00 in the afternoon.
A.do remember C.to remember 答案：C tell sb. to do sth. “告诉某人做某事”，用带to的 动词不定式做宾语补足语。此处为间接引语，改为直接引语 为：The manager said to her，“Please remember to post the letters by 3:00 in the afternoon.” B.be sure to remember D.remembering


The teacher said to him,"Don't ignore your classmates on purpose."
--The teacher suggested that he should not ignored his classmates on purpose.
Republic of China was founded in 1949.

(3)直接引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语
Chen Hui said,"I moved to the apartment on April 20,1980." --Chen Hui said he moved to the apartment on April 20,1980. (4)直接引语用的是过去进行时
Jack said,"John, what were you doing when I phoned you?" --Jack asked John what he was doing when he phoned him.
(5)直接引语的主句用的是一般现在时或一般将来时，变为 间接引语时，其时态不变。 He says,"I have come up with a great idea." --He says that he has come up with a great idea.