高考英语笔记——宾语从句(附例题解析)

高考英语笔记——宾语从句(附例题解析)

一、宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导)。引导宾语从句的连词有that,if,whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,why。从句引导词的使用:

1. 连词that(引导从句,但是在从句中不作成分,that常可省略)

☛He knows that Jim will work hard. 他知道吉姆会努力工作的。

2. 连词if, whether(表示"是否",引导从句,但是在从句中不作成分)

【特别提醒】

whether和if都有"是否"的意思,一般情况下两者可以换用,但在介词之后、不定式之前、与or not连用、在句首或在引导表语从句同位语从句时,只能用whether。

☛I want to know if/whether the news is true. 我想知道这个消息是不是真的。

☛He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. 他不知道改不该留下来。

【名师点睛】

动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时,其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词;用在肯定句中时,连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可,而不用 that。

☛Do you doubt that he will win? 你怀疑他会赢吗?

☛I don’t doubt that your proposition is wrong. 我不怀疑你的提议是错的。

☛He doubts whether/if I know it. 他怀疑我是否知道这件事。

3. 连接代词who, whom, which等

☛Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗?

☛Do you know which dress fits her best? 你知道哪件连衣裙最适合她吗?

4. 连接副词when, where, how, why

☛Could you tell me how we can get to the station? 你能告诉我我们怎样才能去车站吗?

学习宾语从句要把握三个要点:连接词、语序和时态。

1. 使用宾语从句,连接词的选择至关重要。有关连接词的选择可遵循以下规则:

(1)如果宾语从句为陈述句,连接词用that。that本身既没有实际意思,也不在从句中作成分,所以口语中常省略。

☛I hope (that) you will write to me as soon as possible. 我希望你尽快给我写信。

(2)宾语从句为一般疑问句时,连接词用if或whether,可译为"是否"。

☛He asked me if(whether) I would go to Beijing by air. 他问我是否乘飞机去北京。

(3)宾语从句为特殊疑问句时,连接词用原疑问词。

☛He didn’t know how he could get across the river. 我不知道他是怎么过了河的。

2. 从句的语序

无论原句是陈述句、一般疑问句,还是特殊疑问句,在宾语从句中一律使用陈述语序。

☛The teacher asked if you had finished your homework. 老师问你是否做完作业了。

☛Can you tell us when the sports meeting will begin? 你能告诉我们运动会何时举行吗?

3. 时态的选择

(1)如果主句是一般现在时,宾语从句可以是任何所需要的时态。

☛I hear a new restaurant will be opened in the city next month. 我听说这个城市下个月将开一个新饭店。

(2)如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句要用与其相应的过去的某种时态。

☛She told us she had borrowed the book from the library. 她告诉我们她从图书馆借的这本书。

☛He never told me when he would leave. 他从未告诉我他何时离开。

【特别注意】

当宾语从句表示的是一个真理或一个永久性的事实时,其时态可不受主句时态的限制,仍用一般现在时。

☛The teacher said millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. 老师说数百万行星都比太阳更大、更亮。

宾语从句口诀

口诀1:

宾语从句三注意,时态、语序、连接词;

主句一般现在时,从句时态随句意;

主句若是过去时,主从时态要一致;

宾从表达是真理,一般现在带过去;

连接词也不难,陈述要用that连;

一般问句表"是否",if/whether来引导;

特殊问句作宾从,疑问词引导就能行;

还有一点要说明,陈述语序要记清;

主句动词"猜想"词,"否定转移"莫忘记;

特殊用法记心间,学好宾从不一般。

口诀2:

宾语从句多方面,多看多记多训练;

陈用that特词连,if一般to祈现;

do去助词主后边,一主二宾三不变;

疑to变简否疑前,时态呼应是关键。

I. 单项填空

1.(2019·北京卷·语法填空)What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.

【答案】where

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。

2. (2017·天津) She asked me ___________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.

A. when

B. where

C. whether

D. what

【答案】C

【解析】句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。A. 什么时候;B. 在哪里;C. 是否;D. 什么。根据句意,故选C。

3. (2017·北京) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ____________she was heading.

A. why

B. where

C. how

D. when

【答案】B

【解析】A. why 为什么;B. where 在哪儿;C. how 如何;D. when什么时候。句意:Jane漫无目的地走在两旁树木成行的街道上,不知道她将去往何方。根据语境可知此处是表地点的,很容易就可选出答案B。

4. (2017·江苏) We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ____________ it used to charge.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. how

【答案】C

【解析】考查同位语和宾语从句。"half of _________ it used to charge"是$20的同位语,即原来价格的一半是现在的$20;另外,of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以这里是宾语从句;宾语从

句中的charge后面缺少宾语,所以用what来引导宾语从句,并充当宾语从句的宾语,故选C。

5. (2015·湖南)You have to know _____________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

A. what

B. that

C. where

D. who

【答案】C

【解析】根据分析可知,You have to know…后面是一个宾语从句。_____________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there中缺少地点状语,所以应该用连接副词where来引导从句。句意:如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案,你必须知道你将要去哪里。故选C。

6. (2015·北京)I truly believe _____________ beauty comes from within.

A. that

B. where

C. what

D. why

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我真的相信美丽源自于内在。本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分,因此用that,that起到连接作用,也可以省略。故选A。

7. (2015·浙江)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate _____________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.

A. what

B. who

C. that

D. whoever

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,请确定查看水面下有什么。通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现,空格所作的成分是主语,且表示"什么",根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头可以得出答案是what。

8. (2015·重庆)We must find out _____________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.

A. when

B. how

C. where

D. why

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我们必须弄明白卡尔什么时候来,这样我们能给他预定房间。find out 后面跟着宾语从句,根据句意选when,when 在从句中作时间状语。

9. (2015·陕西)Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for _____________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

A. what

B. that

C. why

D. how

【答案】A

【解析】句意:读完了她的自传后,我对Doris Lessing在文学上做的贡献非常敬佩。介词for后面是宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,所以选A。

10. (2015·福建)I wonder _____________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

—By working out every day.

A. where

B. how

C. why

D. If

【答案】B

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。——通过每天锻炼。句中I是主语,wonder是谓语,how引导的从句在整个句子中作宾语。连接副词how在宾语从句中作方式状语。句子是用表示方式的by短语回答的,所以是针对方式提问的,故用how。故选C。

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第二部分:英语宾语从句重难点例题 1. I hope it will snow this winter. A.when B.if C.whether D./ 【解析】答案:D hope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句,that 在句中没有任何意义,可以省略。 2. —I don't know Mr.Green will come to see us. —He will help us with our English. A.why B.when C.how D.where 【解析】答案:A 从下文的答语看,上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。 3. I can't remember I have seen him before. A.whether B.why C.what D.h ow 【解析】答案:A 本句表达一种不确定的概念,用whether或if。 4. —Do you know ?I'm going to see him. —Sorry, I don't know. A.where does Mr. Li live B.where did Mr. Li live C.where Mr. Li lives D.where Mr. Li lived 【解析】答案:C 宾语从句要用陈述语气,排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿?”。

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