名词性从句语法

名词性从句

名词性从句——主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。一．主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语

It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：

It is a pity that you did not go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me wh ether you succeed or not .

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is ＋名词＋从句

It is a fact that …事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句

It is natural / important that…很自然…

It is strange / surprising / a pity that…should do 奇怪的是…

(3) it ＋不及物动词＋从句It seems that…似乎…

It happened that…碰巧…

It occur to sb. that

It matters that

It is likely that

(4) it is ＋过去分词＋从句

It is reported / said / that…据报道…

It has been proved/ turned out that…已证实…

3. 由连词that 或者whether引导的主语从句：这种情况下that 和whether只是引导作用不

担当成分，不能省略，并且可以转变成it形式主语。That the earth is round is true。―――it is true that the earth is round。Whether he will come or not hasn’t been decided.

4. 由连接代词或者连接副词引导的主语从句：

连接代词who, what, which和连接副词when，where，how，why都可以引导主语从句，可以分别担任主语，宾语和状语，不能

省略，可以改为it引导的主语从句。

Who let out the news remained unknown

----it remained unknown who let out the news. Why he didn’t come here is not clear to anyone.

----it is not clear to anyone why he didn’t come.

5. 以关系代词what, whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等

引导的主语从句：whoever leaves the office should tell me。（这里whoever做主语）

改成定语从句：Anyone who leaves the office should tell me。Whenever the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.

6. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，

如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。例如：

1) What you said yesterd ay is right.

2) That she is still alive i s a consolation.

He suggested that we shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance.= It is suggested that we shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance . 二．宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中

作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略, 但是第二个宾语从句的that不可省略）,例如：

I heard that he joined th e army.

He said (that) he would come and that he would help me with my English.

(2) 由

what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：

She didn’t know what had happened to her mother.

I wonder whether you c an change this note for me.

I want to see who is in charge of you.

(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：

She told me that she wo uld accept my invitation

to the party. = I was told that she would accept my invitation to the party. 2. 作介词的宾语 :

Our success depends

upon how well we can

cooperate with one a

nother.

We’ll build another

supermarket on what

is used to be a ruin.

He has arrived at

where he was born.

Please put the book

back to where it was

taken. = Please put the

book back to what it

was taken from.

I am worried abut how

I can get in touch with

him.

We thought of how we

could complete the

work ahead of time. 3. 作形容词的宾语

That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, det ermined, glad, proud, sur prised, worried, sorry, th ankful, ashamed, disapp ointed, annoyed, pleased , hurt, satisfied, content 等。例如：

I am afraid (that) I’ve mad e a mistake.

I am very proud that Xiao Wang has won the first prize.

We are very sorry that he

can’t come here.

4. It 可以作为形式宾语

It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that (也可能是to do) 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：

He found / believed/ thought /considered / made / felt/ supposed it pretty hard to learn both English and French well at the same time.

We all think it our duty that we should help the aged.

We considered it possible that she would go abroad for her college education.

He took it for granted that his mother would help him with his homework.

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 , 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, ca

use, force, admire, conde mn, celebrate, dislike, lov e, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：

I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won th

e match. (wrong)

6.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose,

believe, expect, fancy, g uess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fit s you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

I don’t suppose he can come here on time.

7. 注意事项：

1. 宾语从句时态要与主语

保持相应的一致和变化。

2. 从句的语序要变为陈述语序。

三．表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem, appear等。引导表语从句的that一般不可省略。另外，常用的还有

the reason is that…和

It is because 等结构。例

如：

1) The question is wheth er we can make good pre paration in such a short t ime.

2) This is why we cannot get the support of the pe ople.

3) But the fact remains t hat we are behind the oth er classes.

4) The reason why he

was late for school

is that he missed

the early bus.

5) The news is that Mr.

White has been

elected as chairman

of the union of our

company.

6) My suggestion is that

you not go to his

wedding ceremony. 四．同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

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