名词性从句语法

名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

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一、引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连词：that（无任何词意）

whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）

as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）

以上在从句中均不充当任何成分

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,

whose, which.whichever,whomever

连接副词：when, where, how, why,how many,how much

不可省略的连词：

1. 介词后的连词

2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.

We heard the news that our team had won.

whether与if 区别

一、引导宾语从句，一般既可用whether也可用if。但or not放在whether之后时，只能用whether 不用if。

I don’t know whether or not he will come. 我不知道他是不是回来。

注1：如果or not放在whether所引导的从句句尾，则可以用if来替换。

I don’t know whether/if he will come or not.我不知道他是不是回来。

2 在强调任意选择时,用whether…or,此时不用if替换whether。

He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。

注：whether和or一起还有“不管”之意,引导让步状语从句。

Whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time.不管开车来还是乘火车来，他都会准时到。

3 虽引导宾语从句，但为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句放在句首，此时只用whether不用if。

Whether he will come I am not sure.他是不是来我拿不准。

4 从句作介词宾语时只用whether不用if。

It depends on whether it will be fine.那得看是不是晴天。

5 作discuss等动词的宾语时，用whether不用if。

We discussed whether we should close the shop.我们讨论是不是该关掉商店。

6 句子中有if引导的条件句，如再有表示“是否”的宾语从句，用whether不用if。

He asked me whether I’d move to New York if I got the job.他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬家到纽约。

7 容易产生歧义时用whether不用if来表示“是否”。

Please let me know if you need help. 如果你需要帮助请告诉我。或：请告诉我你是否需要帮助。对比：Please let me know if you need help.请告诉我你是否需要帮助。

8 如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用if不用whether。

I don’t know if it won't rain tomorrow..我不知道明天是不是会下雨。

二、在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。如：

⑴Whether it is true remains a question.(主语从句)那是不是真的还是个问题。

⑵The question is whether it is true.(表语从句)问题是是不是真的。

⑶We have a doubt whether it is true.(同位语从句) 我们怀疑那是不是真的。

注:whether引导主语从句放在主句之后时可用if来代替。

It is unclear whether/if he likes the present.他是不是喜欢那个礼物还不清楚。

三、用在动词不定式之前时用whether不用if。

I don’t know whether to go there at once. 我不知道是不是该立刻去那里。.

主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

（1）It + be + 名词+ that从句

（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句

（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句

（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句

另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语+ 系动词+ that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .

【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位

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