多维教程-探索(研究生英语)课后习题答案答案

Unit One

Answer Key

Comprehension

A

1.D

2.It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people

toward keeping their mother tongue "pure."

3.The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they

have gone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.

4.B

5.It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard

to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.

6.C

7.The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use.

However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages

8.Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standard

British English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.

9.B

10.The author thinks that communication is more important than the

purification of the English language.

B

1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)

2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself

3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold

4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons

5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination

6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)

7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift

8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)

9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital

10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless

11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids

unfairly (with possible sexual meaning)

12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death

13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes

14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)

15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men and

women must marry in order to live together

Vocabulary and Structure

A

1--b 2--d 3--f

4—j 5—I 6--h

B

1. sensitive

2. list

3. prevalent

4. deficiency

5. withheld

6. certainty

7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy 10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious 13. purified 14. highlights 15. novelty

C

1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity

2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory

3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing

4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation

5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent

6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient

7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted

8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted

9. A, spare B. spare C. spare

10. A. stroke B. stroking C. stroke

D

1. C. make alternative

2. B. of taking advantage

3. C. of a head injury

4. D. remains

5. A. accepted

6. A. as much energy as

7. C. would end up 8. C. has been

9. B. or 10. D. with which

E

1. language

2. associates

3. in-laws

4. total

5. responds

6. swell

7. Hardly

8. lives

9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so

13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed 17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. tradition

Speaking

(Open)

Translation and Writing

在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。遇到这种情况时，他们一般采取以下三种方法之一来对付，吕口：(1)外来人学习说当地主人的语言(或反之)，(2)他们使用当地作为贸易用的第三种语言，或(3)产生一种新的语言——这种语言是由使用者的不同母语的一些成分合成的。在说不同语言的人群中用来作为他们共同的交际工具的语言叫混合语(交际语)。这个名称是由在地中海地区使用的中世纪时的贸易语言派生而来的。这种贸易语言主要基于日耳曼语(意大利语、法语和西班牙语)，但也包括了一些希腊语、阿拉伯语和土耳其语的成分。在当今世界，将英语称为最主要的交际语是合适的，因为英语是大部分说不同语言的人的交际工具。

B

1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of

the most important factors in language learning.

2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided

to lease English films in the original to them.

3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or

small, will come up with it by putting up more discount notices.

4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie

they will gradually be~ by the public.

5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but

by management deficiency.

6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to

attract customers.

7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change;

otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.

8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my

study he would help me.

9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the

factory.

10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the

sake of their culture.

Reading Practice

1.F

2.T

3.F

4.T

5.T

6.F

7.F

8.T

Unit Two

Answer Key

Comprehension

A

1. i People have different opinions about lies but they don't differ much in

defining what truth is.

ii Lying is usually regarded as evil but in reality many people lie. This is worthy of our attention.

2. i Lies are intentionally told untruths/an unintentionally told untruth is not

a lie.

ii Almost everyone lies.

3. i All lies are evil and harmful so they should be avoided.

ii Many lies are not evil but are necessary and beneficial to society.

4. Open.(But according to the writer,) standards regarding when lies are ac- ceptable vary not only with individuals but aJso with different cultures.

5. The statement means that when one grows up, one may have the painful experience of realizing that other people may not hold the same opinion about honesty as one does. This is because the reality often runs counter to what is taught to children.

6. 2) those that are told with intention to harm the listener or a third party

and to benefit the liar

3) those that don't tell the whole truth (Some information may be left

unsaid.)

4) those that are told with no intention of being kept

5) those that are told to deceive oneself

7. (Open)

8. B

9. Because it prevents one from realizing one's shortcomings and improving oneself.

10. Different cultures may have different standards regarding when lies are

acceptable. (e.g. People in some cultures feel it is more important not to hurt others than to tell the truth). It may be hard to change these culturally based beliefs.

B

1. People cannot make sound judgement about ...because we have not told them

the truth. We should try to avoid lying because in a society where lying is common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation cannot exist.

2. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars will suffer, but in reality you find that they often don't, (This is what one's moral beliefs are compared with.)This realizati&n may make you take a skeptical attitude towards your moral beliefs. "It" refers to "the realization" and "them" refers to "moral beliefs." Because they don't appear to be true.

3. Many of the lies are told within government circles. For example, a person may lie to the government, or a government official may lie to the public, which falls into the category of"little white lie". Here, the author is critical of the government because he thinks one person's"little white lie"is another person's "dirty lie"

4. In the United States, people do not often tell all the truth in their income tax reports, which is considered an unquestionable lie by the government. Because people feel the government already takes too much of their earnigns.

5. Some advertisers and politicians often make false promises, which ruin the reputation of other advertisers and politicians. It is implied here that some false promises are fairly harmless, but others are taken more seriously and can hurt the listener/receiver.

6. We have to be realistic about our dreams and ambitions on one hand and deceiving/tricking ourselves on the other. If we are not, we can't recognize the need for change, make the necessary changes, and achieve success.

7. The author suggests that ifwe have not looked at our faults, we should honestly examine ourselves closely to see what we really are like. Be realistic.

8. Ideas about lying vary from culture to culture. One culture may have a high opinion of truth even if it hurts, while another culture may consider that other people's feelings are more important.

Vocabulary and Structure

A

1. C

2. D

3. B

4. A

5. C

6. C

7. D

8. D

9. D 10. B

B

1. going through

2. goes with

3. in response to

4. grew up

5. be having an affair with/have had an affair with

6. turn a blind eye to

7. hold ... together

8. watching for

9. in comparison 10. draw a line between C

1. A. what is

2. A. than have

3. D. it

4. D. ignored

5. C. go

6. D. would he be

7. C. objected to 8. C. though

9. D. to say something 10. C. to his feet

D

1. to

2. than

3. expressing

4. always

5. relief

6. But

7. persuaded

8. cracked

9. accident 10. in turn 11. recalJ 12. the

13. times 14. exchanged 15. uncovered 16. solution

17. nor 18. others 19. mind 20. leave Speaking

(Open)

Translation and Writing

A

那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。他们会对任何事情说谎。他们似乎无法控制说谎的；中动。对这些人的研究表明，他们中很多人小时候受过虐待或者来自有酗酒或有精神病家属史的家庭；也有不少人在他们生长的家庭里，真话得不到尊重，没有人说真话。他们似乎比常人更加强烈地需要得到别人的爱不口别人的尊重。但事实上，他们中并非每个人都无法控制自己说谎的欲望。没人能说清为什么有些人能克制说谎而有些入却无法克制说谎。病态的说谎者往往没有亲近的或长期维持的私人关系。他们非常谨慎，通常不介绍自己的熟人相互认识以免他们将听到的东西进行比较。

* * * * * * * * * * * *

通常，北美国家的父母告诫他们的孩子说谎是坏事，他们不应该说谎。如果说谎，他们应该感到内疚。在欧美文化中，对一个说谎孩子的传统惩罚是用肥皂清洗他的嘴巴。然而通过他们自己的行为，父母也会告诉孩子，在某些情况下，大多数人确实也会说谎。因此孩子在这种双重教育下长大——他们偶尔也会说谎，但是他们会感到内疚，并且不想让别人知道他们已说了谎。