研究生英语 多维教程-探索 王同顺 课后答案
Unit One
Answer Key
Comprehension
A
1. D
2. It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keeping their mother tongue "pure."
3. The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they have gone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.
4. B
5. It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.
6. C
7. The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages
8. Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standard British English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.
9. B
10. The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the English language.
B
1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)
2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself
3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold
4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons
5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination
6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)
7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift
8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)
9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital
10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless
11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids unfairly (with possible sexual meaning)
12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death
13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes
14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)
15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men and women must marry in order to live together
V ocabulary and Structure
A
1--b 2--d 3--f
4—j 5—I 6--h
B
1. sensitive
2. list
3. prevalent
4. deficiency
5. withheld
6. certainty
7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy
10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious
13. purified 14. highlights 15. novelty
C
1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity
2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory
3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing
4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation
5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent
6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient
7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted
8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted
9. A, spare B. spare C. spare
10. A. stroke B. stroking C. stroke
D
1. C. make alternative
2. B. of taking advantage
3. C. of a head injury
4. D. remains
5. A. accepted
6. A. as much energy as
7. C. would end up 8. C. has been
9. B. or 10. D. with which
E
1. language
2. associates
3. in-laws
4. total
5. responds
6. swell
7. Hardly
8. lives
9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so
13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed
17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. tradition
Speaking
(Open)
Translation and Writing
在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。遇到这种情况时，他们一般采取以下三种方法之一来对付，吕口：(1)外来人学习说当地主人的语言(或反之)，(2)他们使用当地作为贸易用的第三种语言，或(3)产生一种新的语言——这种语言是由使用者的不同母语的一些成分合成的。在说不同语言的人群中用来作为他们共同的交际工具的语言叫混合语(交际语)。这个名称是由在地中海地区使用的中世纪时的贸易语言派生而来的。这种贸易语言主要基于日耳曼语(意大利语、法语和西班牙语)，但也包括了一些希腊语、阿拉伯语和土耳其语的成分。在当今世界，将英语称为最主要的交际语是合适的，因为英语是大部分说不同语言的人的交际工具。
B
1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important
factors in language learning.
2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original to them.
3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come up with it by putting up more discount notices.
4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be~ by the public.
5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.
6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.
7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.
8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help me.
9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.
10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the
sake of their culture.
Reading Practice
1.F
2.T
3. F
4.T
5.T
6.F
7. F
8.T
Unit Two
Answer Key
Comprehension
A
1. i People have different opinions about lies but they don't differ much in defining what truth is. ii Lying is usually regarded as evil but in reality many people lie. This is worthy of our attention.
2. i Lies are intentionally told untruths/an unintentionally told untruth is not a lie.
ii Almost everyone lies.
3. i All lies are evil and harmful so they should be avoided.
ii Many lies are not evil but are necessary and beneficial to society.
4. Open.(But according to the writer,) standards regarding when lies are ac- ceptable vary not only with individuals but aJso with different cultures.
5. The statement means that when one grows up, one may have the painful experience of realizing that other people may not hold the same opinion about honesty as one does. This is because the reality often runs counter to what is taught to children.
6. 2) those that are told with intention to harm the listener or a third party
and to benefit the liar
3) those that don't tell the whole truth (Some information may be left
unsaid.)
4) those that are told with no intention of being kept
5) those that are told to deceive oneself
7. (Open)
8. B
9. Because it prevents one from realizing one's shortcomings and improving oneself.
10. Different cultures may have different standards regarding when lies are acceptable. (e.g. People in some cultures feel it is more important not to hurt others than to tell the truth). It may be hard to change these culturally based beliefs.
B
1. People cannot make sound judgement about ...because we have not told them the truth. We should try to avoid lying because in a society where lying is common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation cannot exist.
2. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars will suffer, but in reality you find that they often don't, (This is what one's moral beliefs are compared with.)This realizati&n may make you take a skeptical attitude towards your moral beliefs. "It" refers to "the realization" and "them" refers to "moral beliefs." Because they don't appear to be true.
3. Many of the lies are told within government circles. For example, a person may lie to the government, or a government official may lie to the public, which falls into the category of"little white lie". Here, the author is critical of the government because he thinks one person's"little white lie"is another person's "dirty lie"
4. In the United States, people do not often tell all the truth in their income tax reports, which is considered an unquestionable lie by the government. Because people feel the government already takes too much of their earnigns.
5. Some advertisers and politicians often make false promises, which ruin the reputation of other advertisers and politicians. It is implied here that some false promises are fairly harmless, but others are taken more seriously and can hurt the listener/receiver.
6. We have to be realistic about our dreams and ambitions on one hand and deceiving/tricking ourselves on the other. If we are not, we can't recognize the need for change, make the necessary changes, and achieve success.
7. The author suggests that ifwe have not looked at our faults, we should honestly examine ourselves closely to see what we really are like. Be realistic.
8. Ideas about lying vary from culture to culture. One culture may have a high opinion of truth even if it hurts, while another culture may consider that other people's feelings are more important. V ocabulary and Structure
A
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. D
9. D 10. B
B
1. going through
2. goes with
3. in response to
4. grew up
5. be having an affair with/have had an affair with
6. turn a blind eye to
7. hold ... together 8. watching for
9. in comparison 10. draw a line between
C
1. A. what is
2. A. than have
3. D. it
4. D. ignored
5. C. go
6. D. would he be
7. C. objected to 8. C. though
9. D. to say something 10. C. to his feet
D
1. to
2. than
3. expressing
4. always
5. relief
6. But
7. persuaded
8. cracked
9. accident 10. in turn 11. recalJ 12. the
13. times 14. exchanged 15. uncovered 16. solution
17. nor 18. others 19. mind 20. leave
Speaking
(Open)
Translation and Writing
A
那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。他们会对任何事情说谎。他们似乎无法控制说谎的；中动。对这些人的研究表明，他们中很多人小时候受过虐待或者来自有酗酒或有精神病家属史的家庭；也有不少人在他们生长的家庭里，真话得不到尊重，没有人说真话。他们似乎比常人更加强烈地需要得到别人的爱不口别人的尊重。但事实上，他们中并非每个人都无法控制自己说谎的欲望。没人能说清为什么有些人能克制说谎而有些入却无法克制说谎。病态的说谎者往往没有亲近的或长期维持的私人关系。他们非常谨慎，通常不介绍自己的熟人相互认识以免他们将听到的东西进行比较。
* * * * * * * * * * * *
通常，北美国家的父母告诫他们的孩子说谎是坏事，他们不应该说谎。如果说谎，他们应该感到内疚。在欧美文化中，对一个说谎孩子的传统惩罚是用肥皂清洗他的嘴巴。然而通过他们自己的行为，父母也会告诉孩子，在某些情况下，大多数人确实也会说谎。因此孩子在这种双重教育下长大——他们偶尔也会说谎，但是他们会感到内疚，并且不想让别人知道他们已说了谎。
B
1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.
2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.
3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and culture to culture.
4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t~-~re faults of their children.
5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out.
6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes.
7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my intention to hurt her.
8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.
9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.
10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.
Reading Practice
1.B
2. D
3.A
4. C
5. D
Unit Three
Answer Key
Comprehension
A
1. E
2. "The numbers" means the relatively small number of people competing for a given job. The author thinks that due to the lower birth rate, there are less workers aVailabLe in the job market and therefore more job opportunities are available to young people today.
3. They have a gloomy view of the present world.
1) They have been exposed to murder and other types of violence and some other negative events on TV.
2) Many have been brought up in single-parent families and the emotional upheaval and conflict have had a negative effect on their value and self-worth.
3) Many feel their chances of finding the job and salary they want are bleak
4. They will spend more time with their kids and care about them more.
5. No. Because they want to save their money so that they can live better when they do leave.
6. The parents' attitude:
loyalty and commitment to the workplace
slave away and show their dedication to the company
The youth's attitude:
They don't want to wait around and pay their dues when there is no long-term commitment from the top.
There is life after work.
They will often leave a job at the hint of a better position.
7. Generation X'ers watched their grandparents slave away only to receive a gold watch and pension upon retirement. Their parents' dedication to the company has been repaid with downsizing and layoffs. They feel there is no such thing as job security. They don't want to commit themselves to their work when there is no long-term commitment from the top. There is more to life than work.
8. They will have better family values, get things done quickly, shorten the workweek, and create systems that will allow "intrapreneurs."
9. No. Because technology will enable people to be more productive. In addition, X'ers' dislike of bureaucracy and a desire to solve problems will quickly improve productivity.
10. He intends to tell us about X'ers' potential entrepreneurship.
11. D. Because Generation X has evolved in dramatically different ways from previous generations and may have dramatically different ways to improve society.
B
1. negative view of the world
less loyalty and commitment
keep options open
stay at home longer
eager to get noticed
unrealistic and materialistic views
gett/ng things done fast
better family values
shorter work week
greater entrepreneurship
2. Becoming successful socially and financially or moving into the upper social echelon.
3. It is implied that their thirty years' dedication to their company was not acknowledged and cherished. In fact, they were dismissed without anything.
4. Because they were neglected in their families and classrooms.
5. Because they would like their world to be filled with good-looking people, dressed in the latest fashions, with lots of money and prestige, and who don't have to work too hard. They desire instant gratification and expect a whole lot for nothing.
6. "McJobs" are poorly-paid entry level jobs which have no power. They are not the kind of iobs X'ers would want.
7. Be able to solve the problem themselves without dealing with bureaucracy.
8. Because many of them have an independent, individualistic nature and Like to be left alone to solve problems.
9. It means fostering innovation and being creative.
10. If we listen to what Generation X'ers will say, we may understand thern better, and also find they have some very beneficial things to offer.
V ocabulary and Structure
A
1.B
2. C
3.A
4. D
5. B
6. D
7. A
8.A
9.D 10. A
B
1. was referred to as
2. take on
3. waiting around
4. piled up
5. jump ship
6. teamed up with
7. look upon 8. on their own 9. cleaned out
10. slaving away
C
1. A. what
2. C. paying for
3. D. one
4. A. By
5. C. seeks
6. C. impaired
7. B. it is 8. C. hardly anything
9. A. There is 10. D. its
D
1. grew
2. plant
3. see
4. inherit
5. debt
6. Among
7. likely 8. die 9. increased
10. gone I I. top 12. expected
13. in 14. face 15. only
Speaking
(Open)
Translation and Writing
A
这些青年人正在确定个人与其周围社会关系的新模式。不受上司与长辈影0向的情况反而使他们更坚定地自行其事。他们对经历了时间考验的传统也不在乎。例如，当今的青年夫妇拒绝向更注重表面的社会生活习俗让步。在我们那一代，年轻的新娘们如果不是家住名区，如果他们家的餐具不够高雅，她们则会咆尝其苦。那时青年人对于有影响的社会关系、部队
中的官职、有名的俱乐部成员身份都十分敏感。然而这一代人却坚持希望别人评价他们自身的价值。我常常听说他们小心翼翼地隐藏起出身名门的事实。他们坚持作为一个独立的人被社会接受，这产生一种空前的坦诚。一位女大学生对我说：“你知道我一直都不够诚实，我正在试图改正”。一位退伍土兵在一个男女混合的场合，当着目瞪口呆的双亲面对大家说他在战后的六个月里一直是一个“精神变态者”。这些言词说明自由的坚固性——一种属于自己而不属于虚伪的社会习俗的自由。
B
1. Unlike the young people today, we had to take on family responsibilities and help our parents with housework when we were teenagers.
2. Generation X'ers take work seriously, but they disdain the workaholic, slave~to~the-job mentality of their parents and bosses.
3. Many young kids today can work with a variety of software programs on their own and comprehend them quickly.
4. They were referred to as the Lost Generation because they were disillusioned and did not know what to do with their new liberties.
5. The young people of diverse cultural backgrounds all have in common a love for the same clothing styles, music and entertainment.
6. Generation X has a strong propensity for fun and enjoyment, and it is a priority for them to have a good time whether they are at work, school or home.
7. Most people in China look upon their job as a career and have loyalty and commitment to the workplace.
8. Young people desire to upgrade their situation and they are always jumping ship at the hint of a better position.
9. Being spoiled by their guilt-ridden, seldom-home parents, X'ers are not ready to take over in politics, education and business.
10. Young entrepreneurs are encouraged to team up with their colleagues to do the research and create new products at unparalleled rates.
Reading Practice
1. How to manage X'ers.
2. Create conflicts.
3. Because this conflicts with their independence and'embarrasses them.
4. Because they want very much to be stimulated.
5. We should make work enjoyable.
Unit Four
Answer Key
Comprehension
A
1. He put together the National Worldwide Universal deal and made money on an electronics acquisition.
2. The question showed that the young man thought twelve million dollars was a large sum of money to him.
3. a. They have been known to every schoolboy.
b. They have been shown on the covers of glossy magazines.
c. They have been a committee member of important charity balls.
d. They have been the owners of a co-op apartment on Fifth Avenue,
e. They have a stretch limousine,
f. They are the owners of a professional football team.
g. They are the owners of a magazine and the chief columnists.
h. They have made ~fty million dollars.
4. C and D. The whole tone here is very sarcastic.
a. corporate raiders
b. real-estate sharks
5, Because when the young man asked her to marry him he said he would surely amount to something but he turned out to be a "nobody."
6. To be famous. That he will be"somebody.' 'This could mean rich, famous or outstanding. But obviously, 12 million dollars wasn'~ enough to qualify.
7. exaggeration:
"Two-million-dollar co-ops are a dime a dozen."
"You can't buy a real magazine for chicken feed." etc.
irony:
He is rich and has all the trappings of being successful but it's not enough for his wife.
He becomes famous because of illegal behaviour, which his wife feels like he is becoming successful.
8. Both.
9. (Open.)
10. The writer entitles his story "success" to satirize the idea of an American Dream which refers to fame and fortune. Actually true"success' should not involve making a fortune and fame illegally. This story shows that success ~is not often such a driving force that people lose their morals in pursuit of it.
B
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. C
8. B
V ocabulary and Structure
A
1--f 2---c 3--a 4--h 5--g
6--e 7--b 8--d 9--j 10—i
B
1. corporate
2. devious 3, origins 4. estate
5. greed
6. committing
7. flattering
8. shrewd
9. Electronic 10. violated
C
1. stick by
2. try his luck
3. so to speak
4. amount to
5. end up
6. was working out
7. turned out
8. seek his fortune
9, costs big bucks 10. beyond their dreams
D
1. C. has furthered
2. D. a young man's
3. B. mother-in-law's
4. B. to live
5. C. what they eat
6. C. of
7. D. three-week-old 8. D. acting on
9. A. should be cut 10. B. would have enjoyed
E
1. doing
2. no
3. seldom
4. long
5. others
6. something
7. up
8. into
9. realizing 10. behind
11. all 12. chief 13.~vhat 14. never 15. merely
16. sets 17. Nothing 18. discourage 19. ruin 20. emotional
Speaking
(Open)
Translation and Writing
A
卡尔文?特里林在其描述美国暴发户生活的当代故事“成功”中，讽刺了“美国梦”的观念。出色的讽刺故事的要点之一是：在故事中运用几乎可信的夸大手法。在某个事实被歪曲得几乎成真时，你相信它可能是真的——但是你其实仍在怀疑——这就是好的讽刺故事所要取得的最佳效果。讽8g的另一要点是反语。反语指的是词汇的字面意义与其实际意义完全相反。反语往往有趣，但带有悲伤的意味。课文中妻子的最后几句话完全是反语。
* * * * * * * * * * * *
这个年轻人在他的办公室被带上手铐带走了。当天下午的报纸头版刊登了一幅他被传讯后离开时的照片，证实了他已受到指控。照片上的他试图用他那件价值850美元的意大利名牌外套遮住他的脸。第二天的早报上，刊登了一篇篇幅很长的文章，将他作为那些出身贫寒的华尔街商人最终成为贪婪的牺牲品的代表。他的朋友和同事都避开他。
B
1. A young man of humble origins dreamed of becoming a millionaire, but he was thoroughly disillusioned because he tried to seek his fortune by means of a law-violating electronics acquisition.
2. She managed what amounted to a smile of satisfaction.
3. He ended up designing a software program to solve this problem which had been unsolved for years.
4. He went to the station in the company of his classmates to pick up his sick mother.
5. After graduation from university, he was granted a govemment scholarship to further his study, which was far beyond his dream.
6. He was an excellent teacher who always stuck by his students whenever they had difficulties.
7. He is nobody here in the city, but I suppose he is a somebody in his own village.
8. She said that it was her father, not herself, who was a millionaire, and that she would like to earn her own living.
9. Therefore I think we must, so to speak adopt more extreme measures to curb inflation.
10. After his company failed because of poor management, he decided to try his luck in insurance. Reading Practice
1.C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
Unit Five
Answer Key
Comprehension
A
1. When a woman makes more money than the man, life gets complicated, because the man wilt feel threatened by a woman who earns more
than he does. That's a challenge to the traditional belief that a husband
should make more money than his wife.
2. They have different meanings. The first one means"~l~SU"the second one"Jl~".
3. Second factor: Women are working full time.
Third factor: Equal-opportunity laws make it possible for women to have
jobs that used to be for men only.
4. B
5. This shows that the man could not bear or accept the fact that his wife
made more money than he did. This shows also that there is a deeply~
rooted idea that it is not quite right for women to be more successful
than their husbands.
6. Apart from emotional and physical abuse,they may show such feeling in a subtle way, e.g., by drinking more or having an affair.
7. Her technique was to be sure that any man she dated was comfortable
with her wealthy lifestyle. (Open.)
8. First: A high-earning woman must be supersensitive to a man's feelings. Second: She needs to acknowledge the man's support in private and in
public.
Third: She should resolve disputes by reasoning, not by referring to
earning power
9. I) The common thing between these two couples is that both men do
not feel threatened by having a wife who earns more.
2) Initially Jim Campbell had a job he could do at home, so he could take
care of his son. Frank Dickey didn't stay at home.Though his job is Iow-
paying and he has passed up other jobs so the family wouldn't need to
move, he enjoys a lot of influence and freedom in his job as a high
school football coach.
10. The trend is growing for women to earn more, it may still be easier to
pretend that everything is fine even though couples may not be dealing
with the difference well. The author's attitude is that the problem may
be ignored and perhaps the future will provide the means to resolve
it.
11. He hopes that with an increase in the number of higher-paid women, the
tension might be eased. People may gradually accept the fact that some
women may inevitably earn a higher salary than their husbands.
12. 2.Yes. It's useful because it is close to reality, convincing and persuasive.
B
I.B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5.A
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. C 10. B
V ocabulary and Structure
A
I. spouse 2. counterpart 3. touchy 4. counseled
5. subtle
6. therapist
7. prospective
8. adorable
9. opening 10. gallivant
B
I'g 2--o 3--a 4--b 5--c
6--f 7--k 8--1 9--d 10'e
II--j 12--n 13--h 14--i 15—m
C
I. in public 2. holding back
3. take comfort in
4. be done with it
5. make up for it
6. is connected with
7. Aside from 8. is quite comfortable with
D
I. D. until 2. C. become convinced that
3. A. cost of living
4. B. to have to suffer
5. B. facing retirement
6. D. the envy or admiration
7. C. isjudged 8. B. but
9. A. is that with I 0. D. fewer than those who have not
E
I. with 2. happier 3. poverty 4. buy 5. presents
6. loaves
7. in
8. satisfy
9. necessities 10. incomes
I I. symbols 12. as 13. admiration 14. other 15. greater
16. money 17. desire 18. varies 19. being 20. general
Speaking
(Open)
Translation and Writing
A
啊哈，钱!也许这就是唯一像性本身一样能使两性之间的生活复杂化的东
西。当一个女人的收入高于她的配偶时，生活就会变得复杂了。目口便是最开明的
男土也会感到妻子挣的钱比他多对他是威胁。而且即使夫妻关系最融洽的夫妇也
认为如果妻子收入高于丈夫，他们必须格外努力去维护这种和谐的幸福生活。
* * * * * * * * * * * *
决定男女各自兴趣和职业的性别模式通常并不是没有一点依据的。在某一社
会环境中，男女的性别模式观念一般与某一时期特定的男人或女人概念密切相关。
对于儿童，如果不具有某一社会中人们观念上所公认的性别特征，而仅仅是靠生
理上的性别特征来辨别他们，那么他们的情感，爱好以及将来的体格上将会表现
得不正常。他们必定会终生感到自己在同类中缺乏男子气或女人味。这是因为他
们的文化理念是基于一系列不同的性别模式观念，而这些性别模式观念还是很有
道理的。
B
1. Mr. Black felt somewhat upset when his wife pulled down $1000 a week
2. With the increasing number of high-paid women, more and more men will be comfortable with their spouses' success.
3. It is atough problem for ca~erwomen howto make up forthe responsibility to the family that they are supposed to take.
4. In order to comfort the patient, the doctor thought it wise to play down the serious nature of his illness.
5. It may be hard for a person to adapt to a shift in economic power if his or her self-esteem is derived mostly from a career or income.
6. A survey shows that some problems between husband and wife are con- nected with traditional ideas.
7. Owing to the traditional idea, some husbands still try hard to hold their wives back from working outside their houses.
8. We should make everybody realize that it is stupid to retaliate by drinking more or having an affair when a person has some problems in life.
9. Wang was offered a good job in the head office of Hong Kong, but she passed it up because she had a two-year old infant.
10. A famous movie star kept up appearances in public with her husband for eleven years but recently she has announced a divorce.
Reading Practice
1.C
2.A
3. B
4. B
5. C
Unit Six
Answer Key
Comprehension
A
1. The philosophy is "managing for both profit and the common good."The author thinks that the philosophy may seem revolutionary today, though in the past, it was accepted. He thinks a return to it could be healthy but probably not possible.
2. Tom has a company which is a leading producer of natural can products. He has won the support from his wife who shares his values and works together with him.
3. "The idea" refers to the notion of'managing for profit and the common good.'The word "revolutionary" means "completely new or different?The idea is not new, but it hasn't been practised for a long time. People don't often think about business benefitting man in more than a financial way.
4. The education he has received at Harvard Divinity School.
5. The shared values are:
a. respecting people's dignity;
b. valuingthe community;
c. valuing the environment and animals of our natural worl
d.
6. The ideaTom and his wife shared then was that they (both Tom and his wife) should go into business together, working as close partners. We learn that this idea was quite uncommon in the 1960's, when wives were not supposed to be involved in their husbands' work
7. He has most enjoyed trying to make his vision of the company a reality
8. The author admires but does not agree with Tom. In para. 17, the author uses"idealist" to describeTom, that is to say, Tom's idea may not be practical or possible.
9. The difference is that his business has not only been a financial success but also has had a great impact on people's minds.
10. The belief is that it is possible to respect nature, people and communities on the one hand and run on effective business on the other hand.
B
1. Managing for profit and the common good.
2. By"spirit-to-spirit"Tom means that both businessmen and consumers will think of others. They will treat each other fairly and with respect.
3. "Nature-conscious" consumers are the people who respect wildlife and all aspects of the environment.
4. His wife's family has contributed their profits from their mills to the building of the town, the school, and the libraries, and thus won the respect and a good relationship with the communities. The heritage refers to what her family has done to their communityTom and his wife have upheld this heritage and continued to make contributions to their communities.
5. It refers to the product made from natural ingredients for personal health care. Yes. Because the intention to produce such a product is more important than the final product itself.
6. As they came from Maine, they like nature and they respect one another. They can distinguish their product from others' by values.
7. Because it is the"look feel, taste and smell of the kind of personal experience they have offered" that has kept them in business.
8. The "values world" means the b0siness world in which we set our values and standards and vocalize them to others.
9. Goodness here refers to the quality of being kind, considerate, and helpful, in business. Because to them talking about goodness equates to talking about religion which detracts from the idea that they are competent, rational business people.
10. According toTom, inWestern thinking, people can not simultaneously offer respect and also maximize the utilization of resources, white the Eastern- inspired approach involves integrating competing aims into a harmonious middle ground.
V ocabulary and Structure
A
1.B
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. B
9.B 10. D
B
1. dignity
2. heritage
3. insight
4. ingredients
5. makes a difference
6. excellence
7. differentiates
8. been ashamed of 9. believe in 10. incorporate
C
1. A. Just as
2. A. so
3. B. that
4. C. twice
5. A. expanding
6. C. would never have considered
7. B. is 8. D. ofwhich
9. D. decomposes 10. B. had read
D
1. motivate
2. cross
3. accepted
4. convinced
5. variety
6. exposed
7. especially
8. explain
9. difference 10. arrogant 11. reasons 12. trouble
13. aware. 14. hide 15. attempt 16. neglected
17.Worse 18. assignments 19. multinational 20. right
Speaking
(Open)
Translation and Writing
A
建立与顾客的联系是Gerstner的目标。在“经济周刊”进行的一系列采访中他说道广我是带着一种观点来到这里的(1BM)，即：你与顾客共同开始新的一天，你将以顾客为中心考虑公司的工作，并以顾客为中心组织工作”。这种方法在某种程度亡是IBM公司在计算机服务业中迅猛发展的原因，也是华尔街突然喜欢起IBM公司的原因之一。IBM就象一台大发动机，多年来首次所有的活塞都开动了：新型的大型机、个人计算机和小型计算机销售情况均喜人。IBM公司努力地争取成为各家公司在公司内部网络装置中应用IBM公司产品时的不可缺少的助手。当今，计算机服务业是IBM公司增长最快的业务。
不仅IBM公司，其它公司的高层领导也试图与顾客建立良好关系。建立关系成了各大公司巨头反复强调的宗旨。西北大学的J．L．KelloSS管理学院的教授PhilipKotler说：“越来越多的总经理意识到，他们本人就是负责销售的总经理，正在销售信誉”。他还说，“这种销售是在各公司的总经理阶层中进行”。“其建立的不仅是连接销售员与采购经理之间的桥梁，它还是一座连接各公司总经理之桥”。
B
1. Having worked in this company for a certain period of time, most employees came to agreement on its basic beliefs.
2. Each company should keep its peculiarities which will differentiate one from another rather than strip them away.
3. More and more entrepreneur~ believe in managing for profit and the common good and contributing to the well-being of the communities in which their companies are located.
4. Being one of the nation's key universities, it is instrumental in developing the community's culture.
5. Respecting customers and offering the best services have made us more and more competitive with large discount chains.
6. He has devoted himself to his work for the community and is passionate about what he is doing.
7. Some people believe that it does not make any sense to transplant foreign production and managerial techniques into Chinese companies.
8. In spite of the fact that we have made a great success in the development of technology, we are ashar0ed of the damage we have done to our environment.
9. There is no doubt that the introduction of foreign investment has made a difference to the local economic development.
10. The new scheme is open to discussion and new constructive suggestions can be incorporated. Reading Practice
1. Because he wanted to get a large order from a company there.
2. He attempted to talk about business with the host.
3. He wanted to see ifthe writer and the company behind him were reliable.
4. Those who can establish a truly global partnership.
5. B
Unit Seven
Answer Key
Comprehension
A
1. C
2. Part 2 is from para. 6 to para. 1
3.
Part 2: Human fallibility may be a unique human gift and it is the source of new inventions.
Part 3: 'Computer mistakes should not be bemoaned as they can ultimately be used to improve human life.
3. If a computer makes a mistake, the person who uses the computer is to blame because it must be a human error and the computer is infallible.
4. In para. 3, the author suggests that computers represent extensions of the human brain. Computers can do anything we can do, even make mistakes as humans do.
5. No. On the consciousness, he says it would be hard to find out if it were true, he uses the words "easy to imagine" and finally concludes with "but real thinking and dreaming are other matters."
Yes. On the unconsciousness, he begins with "on the other hand" which indicates opposite point of view. Evidences all around us and as extension of human brain, the possibilities of error are great.
6. The first sentence:' 'Mistakes are at the very base of human thought embedded there, feeding the structure like rootnodules:'
7. Because the author tries to explain that"trial and error" leads to discovery and invention. Yes. He explains the reason in para. 9 and 10.
8. The clause is "perhaps even stipulated in our genetic instructions."
9. The examples are the words: blind alleys, up trees, dead ends, blue sky, turnings and bends.
10. According to the author, lower animals are absolutely infallible while higher animals like humans are fallible. In comparing the two, the author tries to prove "to err is human."
11. "This" refers to the fact that higher animals are fallible.The second "this" means organizing ourselves for social living on a planetary scale.
12. The author imagines computers taking on all sorts of difficult, challenging problems.
B
1. The apologies made by computers are just as quick and impersonal as the origional mistakes. Both are annoying.
2. Because though computers may look like human in some respects, they connot do more than they are programmed to do.
3. Yes, he is right. Just as the proverb says,"Failure is the mother of success."
4. The action is exploring something new and different.
5. Because the author thinks that the hope is in the faculty of wrongness, (Open)
6. The exploration means to take efforts in finding something different from what is known before. (Open)
7. Here "fast" means firmly fixed.
8. Planetary means worldwide.
V ocabulary and Structure
A
1--e 2--h 3--i 4--b 5--a
6--d 7--j 8--c 9--f 10—g
1. instantaneously
2. sheer
3. fling off
4. obscure
5. hypotheses
6. screwed up
7. stipulate
8. blundering
9, credulous 10. nonetheless
B
1. tamper
2. infallible
3. After all
4. choked
5. embedded
6. by the book
7. endowments
8. fallible
9. conned 10. wincing
C
1. B. earlier units
2. A. dictionary effectively
3. C. to illustrate
4. D. learn better
5. A. requires
6. C. has increased
7. A. when an attempt 8. D. for which
9. C. partly because it 10. A. what follows
D
1. thinks
2. informed
3.with
4. challenging
5. off
6. overly
7. absorb
8. without
9. before 10. decided 11. inefficient 12. beg
13. people 14. processing 15. can 16. that
17. Indeed 18. value 19. easy 20. random
Speaking
(Open)
Translation and Writing
A
当存在两种以上的选择时，我们人类会思路活跃作出最佳选择。有时会有十种，甚至二十种不同的方法去做某事，其中肯定有一种方法是对的。然而正是这种大量的可选择性才能把我们带入一个完全崭新的领域。这个过程可称为探索而且基于人类的易犯错误性上。如果我们人类的大脑只有一个中心，只能在当正确的决定作出后才有反应，而不是象一团乱麻似的把不同的、糊涂的或清醒的神经原组合在一起。正是这些神经网络会使我们的思路好象一会儿进入绝路，一会儿跳到树上，一会儿又掉进死胡同，然后又从死胡同跳出后进入一片蓝天，沿着错的转弯处，在错误处徘徊，那厶我们就会像呆在现在所处的原地，静止不前。
* * * * * * * * * * * *
目前，一种被英国警察广泛使用的电脑破案方法称为“模拟影像”。由目击者描述疑犯，然后像拼图版似的用五种不同部位的特征把照片拼出。这五个部位是：发型，眼睛，鼻子，嘴巴和下巴。这种方法对寻找罪犯很有帮助，但二十件案子仅能破一件。事实上，通常几近半数的“模拟影像”是误导。造成这种情形有两个原因。第一种原因是这种模拟影像的照片与疑犯毫无相象之处。第二是相象之处太大众化而没有任何帮助。不幸的是，这种误导的想象会导致一个无辜的人被关押。
B
1. Knowing many places in China were badly flooded, actors and actresses volunteered to perform and appealed to charitable contributions from society.
2. Ifyou manage to get in touch with Mr. Smith, the problem will be solved easily because he is an expert in this field.
3. The advisor forgave him for mixing the two chemicals together; after all he had intended to help his advisor.
4. I want to throw away the computer I am using now for it gets stuck all the time.
5. Teachers are worried about students who seem to do everything by the book
6. He was in a bad mood for some time and therefore he felt everything around him was screwed up.
7. We all believe that he will succeed sooner or later though he failed more than ten times.
8. Teenagers over 16 years old should be responsible for what they say and do, because they are considered to have the faculty for doing and saying the right thing,
9. He thought everything was within his grasp but in fact, the result of the experiment turned out to be controversial.
10. Any average good fax machine can send a message in an instant across the ocean. Reading Practice
1. F
2.T
3. F
4.T
5. F
Unit Eight
Answer Key
Comprehension
A
1. The relationship between crime rates and keeping criminals in prison.
2. Locking up criminals for longer terms will not necessarily decrease crimes.
3. The logic.
A. a major shift toward mandatory minimum sentences
B. increased use of the death penalty
C. the introduction of"three strikes" laws
4. Because although prison sentences can prevent some crimes, the question is the degree to which they do.
5. A. We've tripled the prison population and we've doubled spending. That doesn't tell us that we shouldn't do more.
B. Most of those whom we put'in prison are not necessarily the most dangerous criminals.
6. Because it helps explain why and how he has become such a strong out- spoken proponent. It also casts a strong liberal or conservative as in this case, light on his position.
7. A
8. 1) Crime has certainly not decreased in proportion to the rise in ,mprison- ment.
2) When you look at the relationship between crime rates and size of the prison population, it's hard to tell what's causing what.
9. Offenders are most likely to commit crimes in their late teens and early 20s, but the crime rate in this bracket has dropped. By the time they are 35, most have virtually stopped committing'crimes. However, more incarceration has taken place in this age bracket.
10. 1) long sentences have limited usefulness as a way to incapacitate prisoners
2) it makes little sense to throw a criminal around 30 or 35 in prison for life
3) prison is costly, unnecessary, and overly punitive for many offenders Yes. Because their arguments are based on the research that offers solid evidence for their belief, Generally speaking, most offenders have virtually stopped committing crimes by the time they hit 35.
11. B
12. B
13. (Open.)
B
1.T
2. F
3.T
4. T
5.T
6. F
7.T
8. F
V ocabulary and Structure
A
1. flaw
2. incapacitation
3. imprisonment
4. triple
5. assault
6. anomaly
7. empirical
8. incapacitate
9. expediency 10. diminish
B
1. criminologist
2. penalty
3. mandatory
4. averted
5. irresistible
6. rash
7. sanction
8. overly
9. bias 10. overwhelming
C
1. be in touch with
2. pointed to
3. in the face of
4. responded to
5. lock her up
6. in the midst of
7. fall back on 8. is true of
9. at work 10. put away
D
1. C. be delayed
2. C. the other
3. B. her age
4. B. he has read
5. D. behind them
6. C. which was what
7. A. Despite the fact 8. D. there will be
9. B. banks to increase 10. D. as the least
E
1. because
2. too
3. going
4. danger
5. else
6. romantic
7. thus
8. threat
9. break 10. out 11. though 12.to
13.off 14. frightened 15. inevitably 16. no
17. iust 18. before 19. across 20. knocking
Speaking
(Open)
Translation and Writing
A
故意违犯成文法律的行为(非暴力反抗)，顾名思义，是一种违法行为。关于非暴力反抗的理论研究承认，非暴力反抗目口使事出有因也应受到惩罚。事实上，违背法律的行为即使仅作为形式上的异议而非实质性的异议，其无论在道德上还是在法律上，都是不容许的。只有当那些法律违背了人类生活的基本价值观，公民对此进行非暴力反抗，以示道德上的保护时，该行为才能得到合理支持。
有一种假想认为，法律是非暴力反抗的确黼对象，该假想中充斥着不可忽视的道德、法律责任。根据该假想，公民如果在道义上是正当的，他必须准备呈交对违法行为的起诉书；井在该起诉失败时，他应当受到惩罚。他甚至可以要求实施该法律并心甘情愿地默认法庭的最后裁决。
为了保持一个公平的社会，我们必须认可“宽容原则”，政府必须容忍以适当方式表达出的个人异议，个人也必须容忍依法确定的多数裁决。没有人能滥用自由，所有人都得对反对意见持宽容态度。持异议者必须接受对他们的异议所持的不同意见，并对它们持尊重的态度。如果不尊重这一原则，那么公民的非暴力反抗不仅在法律上是错误的，在道德上也是不恰当的。
B
1. Parents of young children often become depressed, and this is especially true of single parent.
2. Through communications satellites, we are able to be in touch with events on the other side of the world almost as they happen.
3. That change seems certain to heat up inflation, so government officials felt that they should take some measures to cool it off.
4. The most serious politicians are those who respond most quickly to social changes.
5. The chart shows that the level of crime in this area is almost always in direct proportion to the number of the unemployed.
6. She acted so strangely that she had to be put away.
7. If you don't need the money at present, put it in the bank. It's always useful to have something to fall back on.
8. The opposition has consistently accused the government of corruption. What's more, they have named names.
9. He was guilty of an important misjudgment. Given his old age, he was only sentenced to five years' imprisonment.
10. In the face of repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people have stopped buying it.
Reading Practice
1. The Victorians thought that the prisons were for punishment while according to Elizabeth Fry, prisons were to reform the criminals.
2. A prison.
3. stop them from hurting people
4. does not relate to the crime
5. Punishments should relate to the crime.
6. What purpose are prisons supposed to serve?
Unit Nine
Answer Key
Comprehension
A
1. The phrase "gleaned from."
2. The word "backfired."
3. In a figurative way, the author wants to show that middle class blacks ex- perienced an uncomfortable conflict between associating themselves with the middle class and associating themselves with blacks, most of whom were of the lower class.
4. His father valued hard work sacrifice and respect for family, property and education.
5. No. Sam is an imaginary character who defines the negative image of lives of lower-class blacks.
研究生英语多维教程(熟谙)课后答案
研究生英语系列教程·多维教程·熟谙－英语课后答案Book II Unit 1 A. 1.assess 2.alliance 3.outcome 4.ethical 5.identity 6.ambiguous 7.tolerable 8.participates 9.pursuit 10.constructive B. 1.at stake 2.were obliged 3.the climate of 4.feel well-equipped 5.beyond my grasp 6.cut back 7.other than 8.rise above 9.care about 10.is bounded C. 1.incompetent 2.indulgence 3.migrants 4.probes https://www.360docs.net/doc/f16124161.html,plex 6.suspense; engaged https://www.360docs.net/doc/f16124161.html,passionate; committed 8.tolerant 9.tempted 10.interconnected D. 1. A. Judging from 2. B. in which 3. C. and 4. D. believe 5. A. is one of/ is that of 6. B. must get 7. C. likely 8. D. unemployed 9. C. as well as/ and 10. B. simpler E. 1.what 2.graduation 3.intend 4.getting 5.eventually 6.survey 7.although 8.graduates 9.transfer 10.rise 11.attending 12.instead 13.cause 14.because 15.attending 16.below 17.failure 18.expectations 19.confidence https://www.360docs.net/doc/f16124161.html,cation Key to the translation from English to Chinese: 1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。|| 没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。|| 所以，我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力允许的围为他们 开设最严格最富有挑战性的课程。 2.我们可以向我们的孩子提供第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权力。||德.纽伊写道：“不仅是一种特权，也是一种考验。”如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢3 美国可以向所有在高中读者完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何明显收获的学生发放毕 业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了。|| 我们现在生活在一个外变得很狭隘的世界里，们必须同对现实保持警觉，有所认识；而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。||这
《科技英语强化阅读》答案[2]
《科技英语阅读》参考答案 Text 1： I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? FTTFT FF Ⅱ. For questions 1-4 below, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, D. CBDC Text 2: I. Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text. 1.calculation / classification / comparison 2.plotting the course of rockets, preparing bank statements, predicting elections, forecasting weather, and so forth 3.if without the help of computers 4.the message of a familiar advertisement is that machines should work, but men should think https://www.360docs.net/doc/f16124161.html,puters perform very complex operations in a very short time 6. a very large adding machine 7.traffic lights / telephones 8.two / input / processing / output II. Fill in the blanks in the following text. Pay attention to the verb forms. be sharply replaced / recognize / access / convert / book / pay / interacting / be used / dealing / solving III. Translate the following phrases into Chinese. 1.处理数据 2.计算器 3.计算机科学 4.计算机技术 5.电子计时脉冲 IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1.数据处理就是以计算、分类、比较的方式来处理那些预先存放到机器中的资料。 2.电脑是由数以百万的电子装置组成的，能够通过具有不同功能的闭合电路，以令人难以置信的高速 存储或转换数据。 3.我们都听说电脑用于火箭路线的设计、银行文件的处理、选举预测、天气预报等。 4.这可能是因为电脑可以在极其短暂的——几秒甚至是不到一秒的时间里完成非常复杂的运行。 5.他的工作就是决定计算机需要什么信息，必须要完成哪些运行才能解决一个问题。 Text 3: I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? TFTFF TFT Ⅱ. For questions 1-3 below, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, D. CCA Text 4: I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7.F 8. T II. Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text. 1.it involves a lot of complicated computer processing 2.their positions / the location of the moving camera 3.work at 200 frames a second on a camera tossed from hand to hand 4.generate a 3D map of a player’s room III. Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 1.provided its brain can think fast enough 2.involves collecting and integrating images taken from different angles 3.the less time there is to do this work 4.an affordable, dust-fighting robot that can see where it is going Text 5: I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? 1-5 FTFFF 6-10 TTFFT 11-12 FT
研究生英语高级教程-1单元-Move-Over--Big-Brother
Move Over, Big Brother 1.Living without privacy, even in his bedroom, was no problem for Louis XIV. In fact, it was a way for the French king to demonstrate his absolute authority over even the most powerful members of the aristocracy. Each morning, they gathered to see the Sun King get up, pray, perform his bodily functions, choose his wig and so on. 2.Will this past—life without privacy—be our future? Many futurists, science fiction writers and privacy advocates believe so. Big Brother, they have long warned, is watching. Closed-circuit television cameras often track your moves; your mobile phone reveals your location; your transit pass and credit cards leave digital trails. Now there is the possibility that citizens are being watched. 3.But in the past few years, something strange has happened. Thanks to the spread of mobile phones, digital cameras and the internet, surveillance technology has become far more widely available. Bruce Schneier, a security guru, argues that a combination of forces—the miniaturisation of surveillance technologies, the falling price of digital storage and ever more sophisticated systems able to sort through large amounts of information—means that “surveillance abilities that used to be limited to governments are now, or soon will be, in the hands of everyone.” 4.Digital technologies, such as camera phones and the internet, are very different from their analogue counterparts. A digital image, unlike a conventional photograph, can be quickly and easily copied and distributed around the world. Another important difference is that digital devices are far more widespread. Most people take their camera phones with them everywhere. 5.The speed and ubiquity of digital cameras lets them do things that film-based cameras could not. In October, for example, the victim of a robbery in Nashville, Tennessee, used his camera-phone to take pictures of the thief and his getaway vehicle. The images were shown to the police, who broadcast descriptions of the man and his truck, leading to his arrest ten minutes later. 6.The democratisation of surveillance is a mixed blessing, however. Camera phones have led to voyeurisms and new legislation to strengthen people?s rights to their own ima ge. In September, America?s Congress passed the “Video Voyeurism Prevention Act”, which prohibits the photography of various parts of people?s unclothed bodies or undergarments without their consent. The legislation was prompted both by the spread of camera-phones and the growing incidence of hidden cameras in bedrooms, public showers, toilets and locker rooms. Similarly, Germany?s parliament has passed a bill that outlaws unauthorized photos within buildings. In Saudi Arabia, the import and sale of camera-phones has been banned, and religious authorities have denounced them for “spreading obscenity”. South Korea?s government has ordered manufacturers to design new phones so that they beep when taking a picture. 7.There are also concerns about the use of digital cameras and camera-phones for industrial espionage. Sprint, an American mobile operator, is now offering one of its best-selling phones without a camera in response to demands from its corporate customers, many of which have banned cameras in their workplaces. Some firms make visitors and staff leave camera-phones at the entrance of research and manufacturing facilities—including Samsung, the South Korean company that pioneered the camera phone. 8.Cheap surveillance technology facilitates other sorts of crime. Two employees at a petrol station in British Columbia, for example, installed a hidden camera in the ceiling above a card reader, and recorded the personal identification numbers of thousands of people. They also
研究生英语 多维教程 翻译Uint6-12双语版
Unit 6 A. 正如诗人埃德蒙.斯宾塞在将近四百年前所说的那样，大自然是“最伟大的女神”。她似乎担任了上帝驻地球的总督的职务。斯宾塞把她描写成一位母亲和法官。她管辖着所有的生物之间的往来，并不分厚薄地给予他们权利，因为她是一位公正的母亲。她把他们紧密地联结在一起，就象兄弟姐妹。因而，在斯宾塞看来，生物繁殖及生物秩序的自然规律与公正原则显而易见地是联系在一起的。当我们得知斯宾塞认为大自然也具有公正原则的时候我们或许有点吃惊。然而，斯宾塞不仅以人类的手足之情而是以所有生物的手足之情为依据来坚持自然界有这么一位“公正的”法官。要是在当今，我们会说斯宾塞是以生态学作为其可靠依据的。 B. 如果我们人类和大自然的固有关系不是相互对抗的，那么，它又是什么样的一种关系呢？对我们来讲，这个变得相当复杂难解，因为正如我先前所讲过的那样，我们中没有人想在未经开发的原始森林里或在未经改造的原始大草原上生活，我们不想被大灰熊吃掉。假如我们是园艺家，我们有正当的理由去抱怨园内的杂草。在肯塔基州，如果我们准备改良牧场，我们就很可能成为那一片随风摆动的大蓟的敌人。但是，如果我们还随心所欲，想做什么就做什么，那么，我们就会对那些曾经被我们砍伐破坏了的原始森林和草原着迷，我们会一而再而三地想起它们，想起那些幸存的原始森林和原始草原。我们还会感到大灰熊深深地吸引着我们。我们知道，在整个人类时期我们会一直想起大灰熊及其他一些危险动物。 1.大多数自然保护主义者认为，在良好的生态环境中人类最易兴旺发达，而各种野生动物的生存则是这种良好生态环境的标志。 1. Most conservationists believe that humans thrive best in ecological health and that the sign of this health is the survival of a diversity of wild animals. 2.史密史先生出示了大量证据来表明:在某种程度上，如果我们破坏大自然，那就是毁灭我们。 2. Mr. Smith produced abundant evidence to indicate that we, to some extent, diminish ourselves if we diminish nature. 3.西方各国的许多城市已经转换到使用新的可减少污染含量的汽油，我们中国有些城市也已经这样做了。 3. Many cities in Western countries have switched to a new gasoline formula that reduces the pollution content. This is also true of some cities in China. 4.正如英国诗人艾蒙德.史宾塞在一首诗里描述的那样，大自然不仅是位母亲，而且是位法官，管辖并公平地对待人类和所有的生物。 4. As depicted in a poem written by the English poet Edmund Spenser, nature is not only a mother but a judge, having jurisdiction over and doing justice to all creatures 5.政府的一项调查研究得出结论是:除了过分拥挤和公共交通很差外，该市面临的最大问题是噪音和污染。 5. A government study concludes that besides overcrowding and poor public transport, the biggest problems the city is up against are noise and pollution. 与所有其他动物不一样，人类具有根据自己的判断而行事的能力 6. Unlike all other creatures, humans have the ability to act on their judgment/ understanding.
研究生英语高级教程 第13单元
[1] For most of its history, psychology had concerned itself with all that ails the human mind: anxiety, depression, neurosis, obsessions, paranoia, delusions. Over the decades, a few psychological researchers had ventured out of the dark realm of mental illness into the sunny land of the mentally hale and hearty. Martin Seligman，a psychologist at University of Pennsylvania, wanted to look at what actively made people feel fulfilled, engaged and meaningfully happy. Mental health, he reasoned, should be more than the absence of mental illness. It should be something akin to a vibrant and muscular fitness of the human mind and spirit. What Makes Us Happy [2] So, what has science learned about what makes the human heart sing? More than one might imagine—along with some surprising things about what doesn?t ring our inner chimes. Take wealth, for instance, and all the delightful things that money can buy. Research by Deiner, among others, has shown that once your basic needs are met, additional income does little to raise your sense of satisfaction with life. Neither do education, youth, marriage and sunny days. [3] On the positive side, religious faith seems to genui nely lift the spirit, though it?s tough to tell whether it?s the God part or the community aspect that does the heavy lifting. Friends? A giant yes. A 2002 study conducted at the University of Illinois by Diener and Seligman found that the most salient characteristics shared by the 10% of students with the highest levels of happiness and the fewest signs of depression were their strong ties to friends and family and commitment to spending time with them. “Word needs to be spread,” concludes Diener. “It is i mportant to work on social skills, close interpersonal ties and social support in order to be happy.” Measuring Our Moods [4] Of course, happiness is not a static state. Even the happiest of people—the cheeriest 10%—feel blue at times. And even the bluest have their moments of joy. That has presented a challenge to social scientists trying to measure happiness. That, along with the simple fact that happiness is inherently subjective. To get around those challenges, researchers have devised several methods of assessment. Diener has created one of the most basic and widely used tools, the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Though some scholars have questioned the validity of this simple, five-question survey, Diener has found that it squares well with other measures of happiness, such as impressions from friends and family, expression of positive emotion and low incidence of depression. [5] Just last month, a team led by Nobel Prize winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman of Princeton University unveiled a new tool for sizing up happiness: the day reconstruction method. Participants fill out a long diary and questionnaire detailing everything they did on the previous day and whom they were with at the time and rating a range of feelings during each episode (happy, impatient, depressed, worried, tired, etc.) on a seven-point scale. [6] Seligman, in contrast, puts the emphasis on the remembering self. “I think we are our memories more than we are the sum total of our experiences,” he says. For him, studying moment-to-moment experiences puts too much emphasis on transient pleasures and displeasures. Happiness goes deeper than that, he argues in his 2002 book Authentic Happiness. As a result of his research, he finds three components of happiness: pleasure (“the smiley-face piece”), engagement (the depth of involvement with one?s family, work, romance and hobbies) and meaning (using personal strengths to serve some larger end). Of those three roads to a happy, satisfied life, pleasure is the least consequential, he insists: “This is newsworthy because so many Americans build their lives around pursuing pleasure. It turns out that engagement and meaning
《科技英语》课后习题答案
Main Content :UNIT 1 MA THEMA TICS I.Text Organization Parts Part One Paragraphs Paras. 1-3 Main Ideas Game theory can be defined as the science of strategy which studies both pure conflicts (zero-sum games) and conflicts in cooperative forms. Part Two Paras. 4-11 There are two distinct types interdependence: sequential-move simultaneous-move game.of strategic game and Part Three Paras.The typical examples of game theory are given as the 12-19basic principles such as prisoners’dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves, bargaining, concealing and revealing information. Part Four Para. 20 The research of game theory has succeeded in illustrating strategies in situations of conflict and cooperation and it will focus on the design of successful strategy in future.
最新研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client — a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。 They want to hire a “key player” from another company. 他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。 Every company also hires from ranks of newbies, 然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。 and what they're looking for is exactly the same. 他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。 “We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. “我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。 If it looks like they have these same traits, we'll place a bet on them.” 假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。” It's just a bit risker.只是这样有点儿冒险。 “It's an educated guess,”“这是一种有根据的猜测，” says my hiring manager client.我的人事经理客户说。 Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. 作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，
科技英语写作高级教程参考答案
V、练习参考答案 练习1 I、 1、the（各项均为负。) 2、the; a （功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升而能安全地耗散的最大功率。） 3、an（这是均方根值伏特计。） 4、The; a（该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。） 5、the; a; a（在氢原子的布尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子以半径为R的圆周运转。） 6、the（电阻的单位是欧姆。） 7、an （这是一个h参数。） 8、/; /（图5－1画出了Oersted的实验。） 9、A; a; a（机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。） 10、/（水压机将在第14章加以考虑。） 11、the; the [/]（我们容易确定参数μ的值。） 12、/; the（根据式（2－1），我们得到以下的关系式。） 13、the; /（作者工作在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学。） 14、an（甚至当积分区间并不是无穷时，能够恰当地显示一个时函数的傅氏变换的仪器是多么重要啊！） II、 1.Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001. 2.Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Xi’an University of Technology in 1988. 3.Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks. 4.The Bainbridge mass spectrometer is as important an instrument as the optical spectrometer. 5.How long a time [或How much time] is required to this experiment? 6.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume. 7.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2). 8.The unit of inductance is the henry. III、 1.The UASMA protocol employs a unique frame structure. 2.Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method. 3.Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharing system 4.The approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potential barrier with an arbitrary profile.
研究生英语阅读教程(提高版)课后翻译(带原文)
Lesson 1 1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。 2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.” 佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。” 3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings. 美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线，大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。 4. But retaliation carries the risk of setting off a tightening spiral of violence and counterviolence not unlike the Middle East or Northern Ireland. Unlike countries that have had to learn to live with violence,”We are new at this,” said Florida’s Dr. Figley, who heads a project that has trained trauma teams in Yugoslavia.”My fear is we will overreach and make things worse rather than better by retribution, revenge, racism and marginalizing ethnic groups.” 报复有很大的危险，会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。与那些不得不在暴力中学习如何生存的国家不同，“我们是新手，”曾在南斯拉夫训练过创伤急救队的项目负责人费格里博士说，“我所担心的是惩罚、报复、种族主义和排斥少数民族的举动会过于偏激，适得其反。” 5. Fear of terrorism is likely to lead Americans to tolerate more government surveillance—such as overhead video cameras at sporting events—than they have to date. “It’s very likely in the wake of today’s events that we’re going to see a greater acceptance on the public’s part—and on the court’s part—to approve certain kinds of police tactics,” said William Stuntz, a Harvard Low School professor. 对于恐怖主义的恐惧会使美国人接受比现在更多的来自政府的监控，例如在运动竞赛场上高架的摄象机。哈佛大学法学院教授威廉姆斯?斯汤资说，“经过目前前这些事件，我们将发现，无论是公众，还是法庭，都会在更大程度上接受某些警察的策略。” Lesson 5 戴维先到一步，事后他气愤地向我发难说当他告诉领班准备和谁一起吃饭时，领班的语气骤然逆转。一瞬间就从“这是个什么人？”变成“这边有请，先生。”当我们赶到时，拍照的人已经在饭店外忙个不停了。戴维开始嘲笑我是伦敦这家高级饭店里的知名人物。这时，我俩向屋内望去并同时看到了我们的偶像。