英语语法 “倒装句”超级大汇总

英语语法 “倒装句”超级大汇总
英语语法 “倒装句”超级大汇总

英语语法“倒装句”超级大汇总

英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面,这称之为部分倒装。

下面是小简老师为同学们整理的倒装句的内容,一起来学习吧↓↓↓

一.部分倒装

1.否定副词位于句首时的倒装

在正式文体中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分装:

①I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。

②He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。

③She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。

④He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。

⑤We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。

注意

(1) 对于not…until句型,当not until…位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序:

He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。

(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装:

①On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。

②In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。

但是,in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序:

In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。

2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装

当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序:

①Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。

②Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。

③Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。

3.“so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装

副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装:

①So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。

②So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法想像它的速度。

③So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑。

4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装

当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构:

①You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。

②She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢。

③If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。

注意

(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况,则应将其中的so改为neither或nor:

①You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻,我也不年轻。

②She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它,我也没有读。

(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别:

①"It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”

②"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸,你答应过的。”“嗯,是答应过。”

5.由not only…but also引出的倒装

当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时,not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式:

①Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人。

②Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了。

6.虚拟条件句的省略与倒装

当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前,构成倒装句:

①Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来,你就会见到他了。

②Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么,可以给我打电话。

③Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助,我会仍然无家可归。

注意

省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词:

Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱,我就会买它。

二.完全倒装

1. here 和there位于句首时的倒装

表示地点的here和there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词:

①Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。

②There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。

③Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

④There goes the bell. 铃响了。

⑤There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。

注意

(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态,即不能说Here is coming the bus。

(2) 若主语为代词,则不倒装:

①Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。

②Here it comes. 它来了。

(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在):

①There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。

②Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。

2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装

地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时,其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词:

①Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。

②Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。

③The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了,史密斯先生进了来。

④Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑起来了。

注意

若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装:

①Away he went. 他跑远了。

②Down it came. 它掉了下来。

3.状语或表语位于句首时的倒装

为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装:

①Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。

②By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。

注意

在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较:

①In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。

②In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。

4.分词和不定式置于句首的倒装

有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装:

①Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。

②Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。

③To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。

(1) 涉及only的倒装及考题分析

按英语习惯同,当“only+状语”位于句首时,其后句子要用部分倒装。如:

Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。

Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。

Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样,才能保住我们的荣誉。

Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。

Only after her death was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。

Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语。

The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心,这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。

Only on one point do I agree with you. 只有一点,我同意你的说法。

(2) 涉及副词so的两类常考倒装

这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形:

①当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后要用部分倒装。如:

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法想象它的速度。

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑。

②当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。如:

You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。

She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢。

If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。

(3) 倒装句中的主谓一致

在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语+谓语动词+主语”的倒装结构中,谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。如:

On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。

On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。

Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。

Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的跑鞋。

Such is the result. 结果就是这样。

Such are the results. 这就是结果。

(4) 副词后的倒装

here 和 there 之后以及诸如 back, down, off, up 等一类的副词小品词之后,名词主语一般置于谓语之后。这类副词常与诸如 come 和 go 等转移动词一起连用。如:

Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train! 有辆出租车来了! 最后一班火车开走了! (注意这里不可用进行时)

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑了起来。

当我们给人东西或确定位置时,这种倒装常用在be之后(主语往往是复数)。如:

Here’s a cup of tea for you. 给你一杯茶。(给东西)

Here’s your letters. 这儿有你的信。(给与或指明)

There’s (重读) Johnny smith. 约翰尼·史密斯在那儿。(确定位置)

主语如是代词则不倒装。如:

Here it comes. 它来了。

There she goes. 她走了。

Up it went. 它上去了。

Here you are. 给你。

There she is. 她在那儿。

(5) 地点状语后的倒装

地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词 (如lie, live, sit, stand) 或转移的动词 (如come, go, rise),用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。如:

At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。

In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。

别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。

In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 远处可以见到紫色的山。

主语如是代词则不能倒装:

At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。

(6) 否定副词之后的倒装

否定或近似否定副词(往往是时间或频度副词,如never, rarely, seldom),或是具有否定作用的副词,如 little, on no account 等。如:

Never / Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb. 这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动从未 / 很少 / 有过。

Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他对这个会议的重要性不甚了了。

On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要给你钱,你可绝不能接受。

当这种副词不在句首时,当然应该用正常词序:

There has never / seldom been so much protest against the Bomb. 从未 / 很少发生过这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动。

He little realizes how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。

另外,有些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时,其后也要用倒装。如:

In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。

On no condition should we tell her about it. 我们绝不能把此事告诉她。

On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的。

In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。

Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。

No way will I go on working for that man. 我不再给那个人工作了。

(7) 涉及not only…but also…的部分倒装

not only…but also…前后连接两个句子时,not only后的句子要用部分倒装,但but also后的分句不用倒装。如:

Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不仅来了,而且还见到了她。

Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type. 她不但会说西班牙语,还会打字呢。

Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了。

Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他们不但做了音乐表演,而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。

(8) 类似So / Neither do I的部分倒装

so / neither / nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,其句型是:so / neither / nor+特殊词+主语。使句此句型需注意以下几点:

①内容是肯定时,用so,内容是否定时,用neither或nor;

②“特殊词”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be相同,或根据前句的时态,用do, does, did;

③“特殊词”的人称和数与其后的主语一致;

④“特殊词”本身没有否定形式。如:

You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。

She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢。

If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。

You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻,我也不年轻。

She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它,我也没有读。

(9) 涉及so…that的部分倒装

在so... that…结构中,若将so+adj. / adv. 置于句首,则其后的主句要用部分倒装。如:

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。

So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了,一个小时都动弹不得。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话声音那么大,隔壁屋里的人都听得见。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法像它的速度。

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑。

类似地,当such…that…结构的such…置于句首时,such后的句子也要使用部分倒装。如:

Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像个很和蔼的人,所以我们都喜欢他。

(10) 表语或状语置于句首时的完全倒装

有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密,就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首,谓语动词也常置于主语前,构成完全倒装。如:

By the door stood an armed guard. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。

高中英语语法——并列句和状语从句

第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为:时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一,在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查,在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下: 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or,either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but,yet,while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for,so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法

when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb.was doing sth.when... ②sb.was about to/going to do sth.when... ③sb.was on the point of doing sth.when... ④sb.had just done sth.when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 6.while作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴,而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知,第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you. 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or

高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

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2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中,除了be动词之外,there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如:There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前,村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首,主语为代词时不到装。如:Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首,主句倒装,主句倒装,但是主语为代词时不倒装。如:“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它,”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况:

① 主语与前句相同,表赞同,译为“确实如此”。如: — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事,前句如果列举了两种事实以上,用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如: — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好,经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意: ①句首有名词,名词不能带任何冠词。如:Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子,却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时,其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如: Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了,但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中,如果是复合句,只有主句用倒装,从句不用。如: Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向:省略是一种避免重复,保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,但在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表:

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解析:once一旦。句意:一旦造成损害,土地要好多年才能恢复。 5.We need to get to the root of the problem__before__we can solve it. 解析:本题考查状语从句的连词。before表示“主句发生在从句之前”。句意:在我们解决问题之前,我们需要找到问题的根源。 6.__Although/Though__the job takes a significant amount of time,most students agree that the experience is worth it. 解析:although/though虽然(表示“虽然”时,不在后面使用连词but,不过有时它可与yet,still,nevertheless等副词连用)。句意:虽然那个工作要花大量的时间,但是大多数学生都觉得这次经历是值得的。 7.That's why I help brighten people's days.If you__don't__,who's to say that another person will? 解析:考查if引导的条件状语从句。在if引导的条件状语从句中,如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果,主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。此句中的who's to say that another person will用的是将来时,故if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时。句意:这就是为什么我要使人们的日子变得鲜活起来。如果你不这样做,你说谁会这样做? 8.There is only one more day to go__before__your favorite music group play live.

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强调地点状语:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 5.注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that,who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that,who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was……,其余的时态用It is……. 二、not…until…句型的强调句 1.句型为:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分 e.g.普通句:He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back. 强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 2.注意:此句型只用until,不用till.但如果不是强调句型,till,until可通用;因为句型中It is/was not……已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。 三、谓语动词的强调 1.It is/was……that……结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/does或did.

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(2)as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。 Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。 注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

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