外研版英语介词知识点总结

外研版英语介词知识点总结
外研版英语介词知识点总结

外研版英语介词知识点总结

一、初中英语介词

1.—Taiwan is an important part of China.

—Yes,it lies ______the southeast of China.

A. in

B. on

C. to

【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意:台湾是中国的一个重要组成部分。当表示方位时,in表示在…范围内;to表示不接壤,常指隔海相望;on表示相邻并接壤.台湾是属于中国的,故答案为A。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意方位介词in,on,to的用法。

2.Humans can not make progress dreams.

A. with

B. without

C. through

D. about

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:没有了梦想,人类就不会进步。A.带着,有;B.没有;C.通过;D.关于。梦想是人类前进的动力,根据Humans can not make progress,可知人类不会进步,是因为没有梦想,应会使用介词without,故答案是B。

【点评】考查近词辨析,注意识记介词without的用法。

3.My mother often says, "Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud who you are." A. of B. with C. at D. in

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:我妈妈经常说,像向日葵一样挺起胸膛,为自己感到骄傲。be proud of,固定搭配,为……骄傲,故选A。

【点评】考查固定搭配,注意be proud of的用法。

4.—Thanks to our government, we can have a new library next week.

—That's great! And we will read books there ________ a month.

A. before

B. in

C. by

D. until

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:——多亏了政府,下一周我们能够拥有一个新的图书馆。——棒极了!再过一个月我们就可以在那里读书了。in a month,再过一个月,一般用于一般将来时,故答案是B。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意在一般将来时中引出时间段使用in。

5.On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ____ the window.

A. by

B. for

C. with

D. from

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:我奶奶经常在窗子旁边看小说。by通过、被、在附近;for为、

为了、对;with用、和……一起;from 来自,从……起,四者都是介词,根据句子结构可知此处是地点状语,by the window,在窗户旁边,故选A。

【点评】此题考查介词辨析。根据句意确定句子中所使用的介词。

6.We communicate _____ each other in many ways, such as by e-mail or by phone.

A. on

B. through

C. in

D. with

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:我们用很多方法相互联系,比如通过电子邮件或者电话。communicate with,与某人联系,与某人保持联系,固定搭配,故答案是D。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意识记固定搭配communicate with的用法。

7.Frank held his breath _____ the water to search for his ring in the swimming pool.

A. at

B. by

C. over

D. under

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:弗兰克在水下屏住呼吸,在游泳池中找他的戒指。A.在……,B.通过某种方式;C.高于;D.在……下,面。根据Frank held his breath 和in the swimming,可知一定是在水下,应使用介词under,故答案是D。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意结合语境思考问题并解决问题。

8.A recent study in Australia shows that parents are the top five world's hardest jobs. A. between B. among C. from D. above

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:澳大利亚最近研究显示父母位于世界上最难的前五名工作。A.在……之间;表两者之间 B.在……之间,表三者或三者以上的之间;C.来自;D.在……上面。此处表示父母在世界上前五名最难的工作之间,超过两者之间,用among,在……之间,故选B。

【点评】考查介词辨析。注意句子涉及到between和among的词义和用法。

9.Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!! And if you need any help, please call me _________010-5558 6390.

A. at

B. on

C. with

D. by

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:女士们、先生们,欢迎来到北京!如果你需要任何帮助,请拨打010-5558 6390找我。根据固定搭配call sb. at+电话号码,可知电话号码前应用介词at,故选A。

【点评】考查固定搭配。注意掌握固定搭配call sb. at+电话号码,打电话到……给某人。

10.Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public ________ 29th April. It will last over five months.

A. at

B. in

C. on

D. of

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:2019北京世博会于4月29日向公众开放。将持续五个多月。29th April 是具体的日期,在具体日期前应使用介词on。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意在具体日期前应使用介词on。

11.—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.

—You shouldn't watch TV too much. It's bad _________ your eyes.

A. on

B. in

C. for

D. with

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:——我想在长途旅行后整天看电视。——你不应该看太多电视。对你的眼睛有害。be bad for,对……有害,固定搭配,A 在……上面,B 在……里面,D 和……,表伴随,故选C。

【点评】考查固定搭配,注意平时识记,理解句意。

12.In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _________about 570 million children.

A. with

B. for

C. towards

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:在这个世界上,超过30%的学校不为57亿的儿童提供安全的饮用水。A 和……,表伴随;B for,为了;C 朝……;provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物,固定搭配,故选B。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意固定短语provide sth. for sb. 的用法。

13.—When did Neil Armstrong walk on the moon?

—____July 20th,1969.

A. In

B. At

C. For

D. On

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:——Neil Armstrong 什么时候登上了月球?——在1969年7月20日。for达,计,后接一段时间;on/in/at均表示在的意思,但用法不同,on用于具体的某一天前,in用于年、月,用于上、下午和晚上,季节,世纪前; at 用于时刻前。根据July 20th,1969.可知是指具体的某一天,用on,故答案选D。

【点评】考查介词辨析。注意理解选项的意思和用法。

14.We planted some flowers ________ the garden yesterday.

A. on

B. to

C. in

D. of

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:我昨天在花园里种了一些花。A.on在……上面;B.to朝;C.在……里面;D……地,表示所属关系。根据常识,可知应在花园里种花,用in,故选C。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意理解选项意思,根据语境选出正确答案。

15.It's very kind ___________ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.

A. of

B. for

C. to

D. with

【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意:你真好,把你可重复使用的购物袋借给我。句型:It's kind of sb to do sth某人做某事真好,故答案为A。

【点评】考查介词辨析,熟记固定句型。

16.—How soon will we get the offer from a new high school?

—_____ about two months.

A. In

B. For

C. Among

D. During

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:——我们将什么时候从新高中收到报价?——大约2个月后。how soon提问时间段,in+时间段,表示时间段,故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意根据问题how soon选择正确的搭配。

17.—When is the Art Festival party?

—It's seven o'clock the evening of November 18th.

A. at;in

B. at;on

C. on;in

D. in;on

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:艺术节晚会在什么时候?——它在11月18日晚上7点钟。at+具体的时间点,on+某天,或者跟具体某天的上午或下午,in +年份,季节,月份,或者泛指的上下午等。seven o'clock是时间点,故加介词at,the evening of November 18th.表示具体某天的上午或下午(晚上),故加介词on,故答案为B。

【点评】本题考查时间介词辨析,at+具体的时间点,on+某天,或者跟具体某天的上午或下午,in +年份,季节,月份,或者泛指的上下午等。

18.In China, we are using the FAST to find stars . Now more and more people want to know about the largest radio telescope(望远镜) in the world.

A. in person

B. in public

C. in space

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:在中国,我们正在使用FAST 射电望远镜去找太空中的星星。现在越来越多的人想要了解这台世界上最大的射电望远镜。A. in person亲自,B. in public在公共场合,C.in space 在太空,根据题意和常识星星是在太空中,故答案为C。

【点评】考查介词短语。理解句意并掌握介词短语的意思。

19.Don't stay inside such a sunny morning. Let's go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers.

A. on

B. in

C. from

D. at

【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意:不要在这样一个阳光明媚的早晨呆在家里。让我们一起去享受温

柔的风和甜蜜的花朵。A. on 用在某一天,或某一天的早晨,下午、晚上的前面;B. in用在某年,某月,或季节的前面;C. from从,来自;D. at用在表示点钟的时刻前面。此句中的morning前有形容词sunny来修饰,特指这样的一个上午,前面要用介词on,故选A。【点评】考查介词辨析。熟记不同的时间前面的介词用法。

20. convenient the way is! We can pay money scanning QR codes(二维码)in many shops.

A. How; for

B. How; by

C. What; by

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:这种方式多方便呀!在很多商店,我们可以通过扫二维码付款。英语中的感叹句强调形容词或副词时用感叹句引导。How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语+(it is)!故使用how.;for介词,为了;by介词,通过某种方式做某事。此题意思是通过扫二维码的方式付款,表方式用by,故选B。

【点评】此题考查感叹句和介词by用法。

21.—I'm thirsty. I'd like a glass of orange juice. What about you, Andy?

—I prefer a cup of tea ______ nothing in it.

A. with

B. for

C. to

D. without

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:——我渴了。我想要一杯橙汁。你呢,安迪?——我更想要一杯茶,什么都不加。A. with 和,跟,带有;B. for 为,为了;C. to 向,朝着;D. without 没有。根据nothing,可知是什么都不加,用with,表伴随,故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析。注意区分不同介词的用法。

22.I've ordered some flowers for grandma and they will arrive _____ two hours.

A. in

B. after

C. over

D. for

【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意:我已经给奶奶订了一些花儿,它们两个小时后就会到达。in+时间段,表示将来,意思是“……以后”;after+时间段,表示过去;over+时间段,表示“经过……时间”,通常用现在完成时;for+时间段,表示动作或状态的延续。根据句中的will arrive 可知此处表示一般将来时,故答案为A。

【点评】考查介词辨析。注意in、after和for后跟时间段时各自的常用时态。

23.Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races ________ 9:00a.m. ________ the morning of June 7.

A. at; in

B. at; on

C. on; in

D. on; on

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:大多数村民在6月7日上午9点参加龙舟比赛。9:00 a.m.具体时刻前用介词at;June 7,具体日期前用on,故选B。

【点评】考查介词,注意具体时刻前用介词at,具体日期前用on的用法。

24.—Could you give me some advice on learning English well?

—Sure. But remember nothing can be learned hard work.

A. by

B. without

C. through

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:——你能给我一些关于学好英语的建议吗?——当然。但是记住,没有努力,什么都学不到。A. by通过;B. without没有;C. through通过。根据句子前面的nothing和后面的hard work,可知双否表示肯定,应用介词without,表“没有努力,什么都学不到”。故选B。

【点评】考查介词辨析。注意掌握介词短语without+名词的意思及用法。

25.Both of them are still working hard to solve the case _________ the time being.

A. with

B. of

C. for

D. to

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:他们两人目前仍然继续努力破案。with和;B. of……的(表示所属);C. for为了;D. to到达。for the time being 固定短语,暂时,目前,根据句意可知,表示目前正在破案,故选C。

【点评】此题考查介词。注意固定短语for the time being。

26.It is such a difficult project that every one of us works on it______ great care.

A. off

B. with

C. down

D. from

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:这是一个非常困难的项目,我们每个人都非常小心地完成它。with + 名词,表示行为的伴随状况。根据great care可知,with great care,固定搭配,小心翼翼地,故选B。

【点评】考查固定搭配,注意with + 名词,表示行为的伴随状况的用法。

27.It's careless ________ Tom to mistake someone else's umbrella ________ his again. A. of; for B. for; for C. of; as D. for, as

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:汤姆太粗心了,把别人的雨伞又误认为是他的。it's +形容词+of sb. to do sth.固定句型,careless是说明人的,要用介词of;mistake... for...,把……错认为,错把……当作,固定短语。故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析。根据固定句型和固定短语选择正确的介词。

28.—Spend more time ________ your loved ones, because they won't be around you forever. —I'll do that from now on. Thank you for your advice.

A. from

B. with

C. in

D. on

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:——多跟你喜欢的人在一起,因为他们不会永远在你身边。——从现在起我会的。谢谢你的建议。A from 来自……;B with 和……一起,表伴随;C in 在……里面;D on 在……上面;根据be around,可知是陪伴,用with,表伴随,故选B。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意不要被spend…on影响了你的思维。

29.The "teacher-free exam" means that students take their exams __________ teachers. Students must be more honest.

A. without

B. against

C. among

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:学生们在没有老师的情况下参加考试。学生必须更加诚实。

A.without 没有,离开;

B. against 反对;

C. among在……之间。根据 Students must be more honest. 学生必须更加诚实。可知应该没有老师的考试,故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意理解词义,理解句意。

30.He drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ______the road.

A. off

B. on

C. along

D. behind

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:他转弯时开得太快了,以至于汽车差点驶出马路上。go和如下选项搭配,分别表示,A驶出,B继续,C沿着,根据drove so fast,可知与驾驶有关,故是驶出,故选A。

【点评】考查介词辨析,注意go off的用法。

二、初中英语虚拟语气

31.—I like drinking wine. But people who drink wine aren’t allowed to drive.

—If I you, I would give up wine.

A.were; drinking B.am; drinking

C.were; drink D.was;to drink

【答案】A

【解析】

考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词的用法。根据句意可知,该句使用了虚拟语气,if引导的从句使用一般过去时,用were;give up后面接动词的现在分词。故选A。

32.—I like drinki ng wine. But people who drink wine aren’t allowed to drive.

—If I you, I would give up wine.

A.was; to drink B.am; drinking C.were; drink D.were; drinking

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:--我喜欢喝酒。但是喝酒的人不允许开车。--如果我是你,我将会放弃喝酒。分析:表示与现在事实相反的情况。其虚拟语气的结构为:从句:if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be用were)+ ……主句:主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……例如:If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话,我再读一遍。(事实上我不是你),故选 D

考点:考查虚拟语气及动词短语的用法。

33. --What would you do if you won a million yuan? -- __________.

A.I shall give it to charities B.I will buy snacks

C.I won’t put it in the bank D.I’d give it to medical research

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果你有一百万,你会做什么?我会把它捐给医学研究。根据上文提到 What would you do if you won a million yuan 这是对现在的虚拟,所以回答时用would do ,故选D项。

考点:考查虚拟语气。

34.---If I were you, I ________ study harder

A.had B.would C.did D . do

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。

1、与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”

2、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”

3、与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:

句意:如果我是你,我会学习更努力。结合语境可知本句表示的是对现在的虚拟,故从句中用过去时态,主句中用过去将来时态。选B。

考点:考查虚拟语气

35. I________ a big house for my family if I _____ a lot of money.

A.would buy, have B.would buy, had

C.will buy; had D.will buy, will have

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:如果我有很多钱,我要给家人买个大大的房子。句子用虚拟语气,所以动词用过去式,would,had,故选B。

考点:考查虚拟语气。

36. If I ______ you, I _____the job.

A.was; will take B.was; would take C.were; would take D.were; will take 【答案】 C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:如果我是你,我就要这份工作。If引导的句子是愿望时,用过去式表示,而且系动词用were,主句用would加原形。故选C。

考点: 考查虚拟语气的用法。

37. If I you,I buy a bike for him.

A.was,would B.was,could C.were,would D.were,could

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:如果我是你,我会给他买一辆自行车。buy sth for sb给某人买某物;本句用的是虚拟语气,表示与现在的事实相反,在虚拟语气中不能用was,而用were,因此选C。

考点:考查虚拟语气的用法。

38.— What would you do if you _______ a million dollars?

— I would give it to charity.

A.have B.had C.will have D.would have

【答案】B

【解析】试题分析:句意:-如果你有一百万美元你会做什么?-我会把它捐给慈善事业。have 有;had 过去式;will have 一般将来时;would have 过去将来时。根据句意可知,这里表示的是一个假设的问题,在if引导的条件状语从句中应该用虚拟语气,动词用过去式,故选B。

考点:考查虚拟语气。

39.If I ___ you, I ___ be afraid .

A.was, wouldn’t B.were, won’t C.were, wouldn’t

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:根据语境可知此句的含义是如果我是你,我就不害怕。考查的是虚拟语气的基本用法。条件用过去时,主句要用过去将来时,故选C。

考点:虚拟语气

点评:虚拟语气其实就是if引导条件状语从句时,词义为“如果”,不过这个条件是无法实现的。从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时表示,则主句中的谓语动词用过去将来时。

40.If I _____ you, I _____ late for school this morning.

A.were, wouldn’t be B.were, wouldn’t C.was, won’t be D.am, will

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析;句意:如果我是你,今天早晨我上学就不会迟到。与现在事实相反,故从句用过去时态,主语用过去将来时态。选项B缺少谓语动词。故选A。

考点:if引导的条件状语从句

点评:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。

1、与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”

2、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”

3、与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。

41. ---Tom is always making so many mistakes in his English exercises!

--- Yeah. If he ________ more careful, he ________ fewer mistakes.

A.was; will make B.is; would make C.were; will make D.were; would make

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:汤姆总是在英语练习中犯那么多的错误!—如果他能更细心一些,他就会犯更少的错误。

表示与现在事实相反的假设,If+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were),主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。根据题意及句型,故选D。

考点:考查虚拟语气的用法。

42.If I ________ ten years younger, I _________ piano lessons and go to a music college. A.am; will take B.was; took C.were; will take D.were; would take

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:if虚拟语气中,对现在的情况进行虚拟,从句谓语动词均用一般过去时(be动词用were),主句用would/should/could/might+do.句意:如果我再年轻十岁,我会参加钢琴课程并去上音乐大学。故选D.

考点:if条件状语从句的虚拟语气

点评:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,中考中有所涉及,但不常见。用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。

43.If I you, I the army.

A.am, would join B.were, would join C.am, will join D.were, will join

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:如果我是你,我会参军.结合语境可知本句是对客观状况的虚拟,故用过去时态,主句用过去将来时态.选B.

考点:if引导的条件状语从句

点评:虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。

1、与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“sh ould (would, could, might)+动词原形”

2、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”

3、与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。

44.--- If I_______ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research.

---If I _______ you, I would give it to charity.

A.will have, am B.would have, was C.had, were D.have, is

【答案】C

【解析】考察虚拟语气。第一空,虚拟语气,与现在相反,用过去时。第二空,虚拟语气,与现在相反,用过去时,be动词用were。故选C

45.Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.

A.should have arrived B.should arrive

C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:怀特先生本来应该在8:30到会,但他却没有出现。should have done:本来应该做某事而实际上没做。故选A

考点:情态动词

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