句子成分与基本句型
句子成分及五大基本句型
句子成分
句子成分的定义：句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语、同位语和独立成分。
1. 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
1). During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
2). We often speak English in class.（代词）
3). One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
4). To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
5). Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
6). The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
7). It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2.谓语：在英语中，谓语只能够用动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
(1) 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
(2) 复合谓语：①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. ②由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
3. 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面。例如：
1). They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）
2). The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）
3). How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
4). They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
5). He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
6). I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
7). I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
4. 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下词性表示：
1). Meishan is a beautiful city.（形容词）
2). China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
3). There are fifty women teachers in our school.（名词）
4). His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
5). Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
6). The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
7). He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
5. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
1). Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
2). He has lived in the city for 15 years.（介词短语）
3). He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
4). He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
5). Wait a minute.（名词）
6). Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
1). How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
2). Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
3). I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
4). Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
5). She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
6). She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
7). In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
8). He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
9). She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
10). I am taller than she is.（比较状语）
有时形容词或者形容词短语也能充当状语，此时形容词是说明主语的状态或者特征。例如：
1). We came back, safe and sound.
2)We climbed to the top of the mountain, hungry and tired.
6. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
1).His father named him Dawei.（名词）
2).They painted their boat white.（形容词）
3).Let the fresh air in.（副词）
4).You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
5).We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
6).We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
7. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem，fall, remain, stay, keep, prove, run, stand, feel, sound, smell, taste, appear等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
1). Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
2). Is it yours?（代词）
3). The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
4). The speech is exciting.（分词）
5). Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
6). His job is to teach English.（不定式）
7). His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
8). The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
9). Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
英语句子中句子成分的排列顺序
词序就是词或句子成分在句子中的排列顺序。英语的词和句子成分在句子里的位置比较固定。
1.主语的位置在陈述句基本结构的最前面。We help each other.
2.谓语动词的位置在主语之后。We go to school every day.
3.表语的位置在连系动词之后。It's fine today.
4.宾语的位置在及物动词或介词之后。I like this place.
There are many trees in this place.
5.定语的位置单词作定语，一般放在被修饰语的前面，短语和从句作定语则放在被修饰语的后面。
The school library has many books on agriculture.
6.状语的位置修饰形容词或副词的状语放在被修饰语之前；修饰动词的状语有的放在动词之前，有的放在动词之后。如动词有宾语，状语一般须放在宾语之后。状语有时也可以放在句首修饰整个句子。
1).The Summer Palace is very beautiful.
2).I know him well. (well为状语，修饰动词know，放在know之后)
3).The students often go on a picnic. (often为状语，修饰动词go，放在它的前面)
4).We take exercise every day. (every day为状语，修饰动词take，在宾语exercise之后)
5). Luckily, he was slightly injured.
7.冠词的位置冠词在名词之前。
I met a friend at the bus-stop.
8.介词的位置介词一般也放在名词或代词之前。
There is a map of China on the wall.
9.连词的位置连词一般放在同类的词、短语或从句之间。其中从属连词可以在主句前也可以在主句后，关系词的位置大多数在主句之后，也有在主句前的。
1).They worked quickly and efficiently.
2).He works just as hard as everyone else although he is over sixty.
3).Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.
4).His sister is hardwoking, while he is very lazy.
5).As is known to all, Meishan is a beautiful city with a long history and cuiture.
句子成分练习
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分。
1.The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
简单句的五种基本句型
简单句的五种基本句型（5 Basic Sentence Patterns）由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分，按不同方式组合而成。(句子成分的表示方法：S: Subject主语；V: Verb动词；O: Object宾语；P: Predicative表语；OC: Object Complement宾语补足语；IO: Indirect Object 间接宾语；DO：Direct Object 直接宾语) 。英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的。
主语+ 谓语
Subject + verb
主语+ 谓语+ 宾语
Subject + verb +object
主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
Subject + verb +indirect object + direct object
主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补语
Subject + verb + object +object complement
主语+ 系动词+ 表语
Subject + link verb + predicate
1. S+V (主语+谓语动词)
该句型所用动词都是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。这些常见的动词有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, go, exist, happen, rise, fall, disappear等等。
He (主) is walking (谓) fast in the street.(状) 他在街上跑得飞快。
The students work very hard. 学生们学习很努力。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening. 事故时昨晚发生的。
2. S+V+O (主语+谓语动词+宾语)
该句型所用动词都是及物动词.。名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句可作宾语。
We (主) attended (谓) the meeting.(宾)
我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语)
She (主) stopped (谓) him.(宾)
她叫住了他。(代词作宾语)
She (主) wants (谓) to ask a question.(宾)
她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语)
They (主) enjoy (谓) listening to the music.(宾)
他们喜欢听古点音乐。(动名词作宾语)
consider suggest advise look forward to excuse pardon admit delay put off fancy imagine avoid miss practise deny finish enjoy appreciate forbid risk can’t help mind allow permit escape be used to be accustomed to lead to devote to go back to stick to object to get down to go about set about pay attention to
be addicted to can’t stand give up feel like insist on contribute to apologize for be busy doing have difficulty/ trouble/problems (in) have a good/bad/ wonderful/hard time(in) spend time/money (in) concentrate on be buried in
这些动词或者短语的后面都接动名词充当宾语。
decide determine make up one’s mind learn want wish hope expect refuse manage promise choose plan agree ask beg afford strive happen wait threaten struggle fight这些动词或者短语的后面都接动名词充当宾语。
注意：一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能，其后就可以接宾语, 如：listen to 听；look at 看；
look after 照看；
turn on 打开；
turn off 关上；
look for 寻找；
live on 以……为生；
put on 穿上；
hand in 上交；
pick up 捡起；
belong to属于；
arrive at/in 到达等等。
May I turn on the light? 我可以开吗?
What are you looking for? 你在找什
3. S+V+P (主语+连系动词+表语)
连系动词的后面必须接表语，说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。常见的系动词be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem，fall, remain, stay, keep, prove, run, stand, feel, sound, smell, taste, appear等
She (主) became (谓, 连系动词) a lawyer (表)last year. 去年，她成为了一名律师。
He (主) is (谓,连系动词) honest.(表) 他是诚实的。
It (主) is getting (谓,连系动词) colder and colder. (表) 天气渐渐冷了。
It (主) tastes (谓,连系动词) delicious.(表) 这好吃极了。
It (主) sounds (谓,连系动词) reasonable.(表) 听起来有道理。
注意：下列动词在表示状态的存在和变化时，也可以作连系动词使用：look 看起来；smell 闻起来；sound 听起来；taste 尝起来；feel 感觉；keep 保持；grow/go/get/turn变得。
4. S+V+IO+DO (主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
(1) 宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，但某些动词，除直接宾语外，还要求一个间接宾语，以表示该动词所发出的动作涉及的人或物，通常由名词或代词的宾格担任。
She (主) gave (谓) me (宾, 间接) a ticket (宾, 直接)for that film. 她给了我一张那部电影的票。Please pass (谓) me (宾, 间接) the salt.(宾, 直接) 请把盐递给我。
(2) 通常情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，但有时根据强调需要，间接宾语位于直接宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加to或for。
I will bring the book(宾,直接) to you next time. (宾, 间接)
（=I will bring you the book next time.）我下次把那本书给你带来。
He promised a motorbike (宾, 直接) to her. (宾, 间接)
注意：带特殊疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(间接)+疑问词+不定式
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+疑问词+不定式
She told me how to understand the article. 她告诉我怎样理解这篇文章。
They wanted to know where to solve the problem. 他们想要知道哪里能够解决这个问题。
The boy asked her why to do so. 那孩子问她为什么这么做。
I asked him which one to choose.
我问他选择哪一个。
5. S+V+O+OC (主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语)
(1) 有些及物动词，只接一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，还需要再加一个宾语的补语加以说明，使意思完整。这样的宾语和宾语补足语又称为复合宾语，可以由名词、形容词、不定式和分词来担任。
They named (谓, 及物）the girl (宾) Susan.(宾补) 他们给这个女孩起名叫苏姗。(名词作宾补) He found (谓, 及物)her (宾) frustrated.(宾补) 他觉得她有些沮丧。(形容词作宾补)
I saw (谓, 及物)them (宾)perform (宾补)on the stage.
我看见他们在台上表演。(省略了to的不定式作宾补)
(2)一些使役性动词如make, let, have和一些表示感官的动词如see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等，用不定式作宾语补语时，要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时还要加上“to”。
We all made him play the violin.
被动：He was made to play the violin by us all.
我们都要求他演奏小提琴。
I saw him enter the room.
被动：He was seen to enter the room. 我看见他进屋了。
He heard a woman cry over there under a tree.
被动：A woman was heard to cry over there under a tree.
他听见一个女人在那边一棵树下哭。
必背：记住下面是一些常用的要求复合宾语的动词：name, call, make, find, think, leave。
1).We’ll make him monitor. 我们要选他当班长。
2).She found the boy very funny. 她觉得这个孩子非常滑稽。
3).He left the door open and hid behind the door. 他让门开着，然后藏在门后边。
There be 句型的用法
1、There be 句型的基本用法：英语中表示“某处有”（指存在，不是占有）时用这个句型，“There + be + 主语+状语”。be是谓语动词，形式由句子的意义确定。
1).There is a bookstore in our school.
2).There is a book, a notebook and two dictionaries on the desk.
3).There are two dictionaries, a book and a notebook on the desk.
4).There have been great changes in my hometown.
2、There be 句型中的时态、助动词以及情态动词。
There be 句型中的be 可以有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态连用。
1).There was a lot of rain last month.
2).There will be an English class tomorrow.
3).There has been much talk about that in recent years.
4).There may be something wrong with the computer.
5).There used to be a factory behind our school.
6).There must be no more money wasted.
3、There be 句型的扩展形式
There be 句型中的谓语动词，有时不用be，而用seem to be, happen to be ,used to be, 或类似表示“存在”（exist, live, lie, come, stand, run, ）的动词来表示。
1).There runs a river near our school.
2).There stand two tall trees in front of the school building.
4、have 和there be 的区别
1）当have 表示“包括、包含”、“存在”之意时可以和there be 换用。
1).The year has four seasons. = There are four seasons in a year.
2).Beijing has many universities= There are many universities in Beijing.
3).The river has ice= there is ice on the river.
句子分类
句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
1. 简单句（Simple Sentences）：只有一个主语或者几个并列主语和一个谓语或者几个并列谓
语的句子称作简单句。例如：
1).She (主) likes (谓) collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。
2).I（主）like（谓）playing basketball and dislike（谓）running in summer.
3).My sister（主）and I（主）are fond of light music.
2. 并列句（Compound Sentences）：由并列连词(and, or, but, so, while, when, for) 等连接的两
个或以上的简单句称作并列句，也可以用分号来连接，例如：
1). The food was good, but he had little appetite.
2).He likes pop music while I am fond of folk music.
3). I was about to leave when it began to rain.
4).I found it more difficult to read for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
3. 复合句（Complex Sentences）：复合句是由一个主句加一个或者几个从句所构成的句子，根据从句在句中的作用，从句可以分为名词性从句、定语从句（也称作形容词从句）和状语从句。
根据句子的用途，简单句可以分为4类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
陈述句：用来陈述一件事或者表示一种看法。
1).English is widely used in the world.
2).She is an English teacher.
疑问句：用以提出问题，疑问句可以分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。
1).Are you fine?(一般疑问句)
2).Have you finished the task?
3).Do you have any friends here?
4).Does she like playing the piano.
1).Who opened the window?（特殊疑问句）
2).Where do you come from?
3).Why didn’t you attend the meeting?
1).He is only a child, isn’t he?（反义疑问句）
2).You didn’t call me just now, did you?
3).There are more than 70 students in the reading room, aren’t there?
4).Let’s go, shall we ?
5).Let us go, will you ?
6).Do you like English or French ? （选择疑问句）
祈使句：用以表示命令、请求或者建议，主语通常省略，例如：
1).Please open the window!
2).Don’t forget to post the letter for me!
3).Never smoke again!
4).Sam, you water the flowers!
感叹句：用以表示快乐、痛苦等强烈感情。
1).How kind you are !
2).How lovely a girl she is!
3).How fast you run !
1).What a lovely girl she is!
2).What good weather it is!
3) .What useful books they are !
英语中的其它几种句型：强调句、倒装句、省略句
强调句：It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ who + 句子剩余部分。此句型可以强调主语、宾语、表语、状语。
1).It was him that/ who we met at the school gate.
2).Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
3).It was in the supermarket that I met my old friend.
4).It was because he missed the early bus that he was late for class.
强调句子的谓语只能用do/ does/ did
1).She does like painting.
2).He did like playing computer games.
十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)..
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 一、新课导入 个体名词 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能：表示人或事物的名称 人称代词： 主格 宾格 （注意it 的用法） 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those 单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词： 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位：…. 其他 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词 不可数名词
句子成分及基本句型
实用标准文档 文案大全句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来 担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名
词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F．定语（Attribute）定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ｓsister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G．状语（Adverbial）用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分： 1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2．I have a lot to say on this matter. 3．Please give me some advice. 4．She is quite all right now. 5． A lonely person is always alone. 6． A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
初中句子成分和基本句型完整版
初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分？ 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、{补语（complement）、同位语（apposite）} 1.主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当． Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.
句子成分和基本句型
句子成分和基本句型 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! *句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement) １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me.
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词 ．．充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。 She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如： This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
五种基本句型及句子成分分析
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词： 一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语） 谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：
句子成分与五种基本句型
句子成分与五种基本句型班级：姓名： 一、句子成分 一）主语：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在。 1. The book is mine. ( ) 2. I teach you English.. （） 3. Three plus four equals seven. ( ) 4. To see is to believe. （） 5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. （） 6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） 二）谓语由____ _______担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语。划出以下句子的谓语： 1. We clean the classroom every day . 2. I don't like the picture on the wall. 3. You should have breakfast. 三）表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的. 1. My father is a professor. ( ) 2. Everything here is expensive. ( ) 3. The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) 4. His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) 5. The match became very exciting.( ) 6. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 1. She covered her face with her hands.( ) 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 3. We need to know what others are doing. ( ) 4. We should care about our friends. ( ) 五）定语是修饰__ _. 单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之___ __。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） 2. China is a developing country. ( ) 3. I have nothing to eat. ( ) 4. The boy who is talking with Tom is from Beijing. ( ) 六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 1.There is a shop near the school gate. ( ) 2.I left the village five years ago. ( ) 3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 4.We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) 5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 6.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) 7.If you work hard, you will be successful. ( ) 8.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补放在后面补充说明。
句子成分及基本句型
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语）
句子成分及基本句型学习资料
句子成分及基本句型 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。 如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book. 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成：
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 1.1 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C.表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有 be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I n eed. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out.
句子的成分、结构和基本句型
句子的成分、结构和基本句型 句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 一.英语的句子成分： （一）主语： Walls have ears. ( ) He will take you to the hospital. （） To see is to believe. （） Smoking is not allowed in public places. （）Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） （二）谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. （三）表语它的位置在__________之后。 My father is a professor. ( ) Who's that? It's me. ( ) Everything here is expensive. ( ) The match became very exciting.( ) The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) Three times five is fifteen. ( ) His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) （四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。 She covered her face with her hands.( ) We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) Do you mind opening the window? ( ) Give me four please. ( ) He wants to dream a nice dream. ( ) We need to know what others are doing. ( ) We should care more about our friends. ( ) （五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。 The play has three acts. ( ) This is her first trip to Europe. ( ) They are women workers. （） Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （）Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） China is a developing country. ( ) I have nothing to eat. ( ) Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( ) （六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. ( ) I left the village five years ago. ( ) I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) If he goes, so will I . ( ) Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) （七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。 They elected me captain of the team. ( ) We try to make our country strong. ( ) We found everything in good order there. ( )
句子成分与基本句型
句子成分与基本句型 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) To see is to believe.（不定式）Seeing is believing.（动名词）What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.（名词）She was very tired and looked it.（代词） Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China.（名词）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need? We need two.（数词） We should help the old and the poor. (形容词) I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 5．宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor（名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名） We will make them happy（形容词）We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home.（介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning.（现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired.（过分词） 6.主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend.（代词） We belong to the third world.（数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过分） I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 8.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和 让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 9. 独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与 句子隔开。如：He’s a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。 Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪，考试他竟然通过了。