英语动词的分类及基本形式

英语动词的分类及基本形式
英语动词的分类及基本形式

英语动词的分类及基本形式

■动词的分类

表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类,有些动词是兼类词。如:

We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词)

We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约。(have是助动词)

W I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词)

She was beaten on the way home. 她在回家的路上被人打了。(was是助动词) You needn’t have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词)

The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词)

■动词的基本形式

绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。

A. 第三人称单数形式的构成

一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词后要加s或es,其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同:

1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s,如wor k—works, write—writes。

2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词,后加es,如guess—guesses, mix—mix, finish—finish es, catch—catches。

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y

为ies,如study—studies。

注:不规则变化的有have—has, be—is, go—goes, do—does等。

B. 现在分词的构成

1. 一般情况下在动词后加ing,如stud y—studying, work—working。

2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加ing,如write—writing, move—mo ving。

3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的

重读音节结尾的动词,要双写末尾一个辅音字母,再加ing,如get—getting, begin—be ginning。

4. 以ie结尾的名词,一般将ie改为y,再加ing,如lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tyi ng。

注:(A) 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlling;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—trav eling(美) /travelling(英) 。(B) 特例:picnic —picnicking。

C. 过去式和过去分词的构成

1. 一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked, work—worked。

2. 以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love —loved, dance—danced。

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为ied,如try—tried, study—studied。

4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的

重读音节结尾的动词,先双末尾一个字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitte d。

注:(A) 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—trav eled(美) /traveled(英) 。(B) 特例:picnic—p icnicked。另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记。

Work write guess mix finish

Catch study write move have

go do get begin try

study stop permit

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1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 (has是助动词。) 3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。 说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(V erbal Phrase)例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。) The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。) 6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。

英语语法动词归纳总结

英语语法动词归纳总结 一、单项选择动词 1.Being an experienced lecturer, Mr. Black____ his speech to suit a younger audience. A.simplified B.addressed C.exchanged D.delivered 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个经验丰富的演讲者,布莱克先生简化他的演讲以适应年轻听众的需要。A. simplified简化;B. addressed称呼;C. exchanged交换;D. delivered递送。故选A。 2.— What do you suggest he do to get rid of the financial trouble? — As is often the case in the business world, he should ______ the dangerous situation he is in now. A.look up to B.wake up to C.live up to D.stand up to 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语。A. look up to尊敬;B. wake up to认识到;C. live up to做到;D. stand up to经得起,抵抗。句意:——你建议他做些什么来摆脱财务困境?——就像商界的情况一样,他应该清醒地认识到他现在所处的危险境地。表示认识到,故选B. 3.224. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ behind his back. A.being mopped B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:那个谋杀犯被带了进来,手被捆在背后。with的宾语his hands与动词tie构成被动的关系,故使用过去分词。故选D。 4.The people succeeded because they understood that you can’t let your failures _________ you ——you have to let your failures teach you. A.define B.decline C.qualify D.simplify 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词。A. define定义;B. decline下降;C. qualify限定;D. simplify简化。句意:人们成功是因为他们明白,你不能让失败定义你——你必须让失败教会你。故选A。

新初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编附解析

一、选择题 1.Tom and Jim __________ in Class 3. A.is B.be C.am D.are 2.— ________ your cousin and her friends like history? —Yes, they ________ it’s very interesting. A.Does; think B.Do ; think C.Do; thinks 3.My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A.were, at B.was, at C.was, on 4.My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A.like; too many B.want; too much C.ask; too many D.let; too much 5.I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A.stop crying B.to stop crying C.stop to cry D.to stop to cry 6.—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A.am B.is C.are D.be 7.—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A.buys B.looks C.finds 8.Which of the following sentences is right? A.My books on the desk B.Nice meet you, too C.These are my dictionaries D.Thanks you for your help. 9.—Hey, Jack. Do you want to go to the library? —That ________ great. I love reading. A.hears B.looks C.sounds D.listens 10.—The books on the table_________ Mike’s, r ight? —Yes, they are. A.am B.is C.are 11.This my sister and those my brothers. A.is, is B.are, are C.is, are 12.—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A.Is; like B.Does; likes C.Does; like D.Do; likes 13.Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A.is; her B.are; them C.are; her D.is; them 14.— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A.Is;are B.Is;is C.Are;is 15.— When and where shall we meet? — Let's ________it half past nine.

新概念英语语法:系动词的分类及用法(一)

新概念英语语法:系动词的分类及用法(一)系动词 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构 说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明: 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独 作谓语,例如: He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。 1)状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。) 2)持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3)表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这个概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4)感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5)变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6)终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

初中英语语法复习:动词的分类

2010年中考英语汇总--动词的分类概念:表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 动词的分类 1.按照在句子中的功能,动词可分为四类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。 说明:某些情况下,有些动词既可做实义动词,又可做助动词,例如: We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。) 2. 按照后面是否有宾语,分为两类:及物动词(vt)、不及物动词(vi)。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 3. 根据是否受主语的限制,分两类:限定动词、非限定动词。例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings.) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。) 说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式、动名词、分词。 在这里我们多说一下to+动词原型,和ing形式。英语不同于我们的汉语,不可以两个动词联用。如,我们汉语说,我喜欢吃苹果。其中“喜欢”和“吃”是两个动词,汉语这样说没有问题,如果翻译成英语,就变成了“I like eat apple.”这种说法按照英语的规定是不对的。那怎么办呢,于是就在两个动词之间多了一个“to”,或者把第二个词加上ing.于是就变成了“I like to eat apple.或者I like eatting apple”这样说来,动词是不是很简单啦! 4.根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类:单字词、短语动词、动词短语。例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。) The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。) 5.动词有五种形态:原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。

英语动词分类大全.

英语动词分类大全(附练习) 一、什么是动词 动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如: The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为He is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态 二、动词的分类 动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。(一)行为动词 行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如: I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住

It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有 (二)连系动词 连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如: We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是 are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。 连系动词可具体分为三类: 1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been 等要特别予以注意。例如: He is a teacher.(他是个教师。) He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。) We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。) 2、表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等,例如: She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。) I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。) Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。) The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)

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