外文文献及翻译：网络营销 E-marketing
外文文献及翻译：网络营销 E-marketing E---MARKETING
(From:E--Marketing by Judy Strauss,Adel El--Ansary,Raymond Frost---
3rd ed.1999 by Pearson Education pp .G4-G25.)
As the growth of https://www.360docs.net/doc/e39286999.html, shows, some marketing principles never change.Markets always welcome an innovative new product, even in a crowded field of competitors ,as long as it provides customer
value.Also,Google`s success shows that customers trust good brands and that well-crafted marketing mix strategies can be effective in helping newcomers enter crowded markets. Nevertheless, organizations are scrambling to determine how they can use information technology profitably and to understand what technology means for their business strategies. Marketers want to know which of their time-ested concepts will be enhanced by the Internet, databases,wireless mobile devices, and other technologies. The rapid growth of the Internet and subsequent bursting of the dot-com bubble has marketers wondering,"What next?" This article attempts to answer these questions through careful and systematic examination of successful e-mar-keting strategies in light of proven traditional marketing practices.
(Sales Promotion;E--Marketing;Internet;Strategic Planning )
1.What is E--Marketing
E--Marketing is the application of a broad range of information technologies for: Transforming marketing strategies to create more
customer value through more effective segmentation ,and positioning strategies;More efficiently planning and
executing the conception, distribution promotion,and pricing of goods,services,and ideas;andCreating exchanges that satisfy individual consumer and organizational customers` objectives.
This definition sounds a lot like the definition of traditional marketing. Another way to view it is that e-marketing is the result of information technology applied to traditional marketing. E-marketing affects traditional marketing in two ways. First,it increases efficiency in traditional marketing strategies.The transformation results in new business models that add customer value and/or increase company profitability.
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2.Environment,Strategy,and Performance (ESP)
E-Marketing flows form the organization `s overall e-business strategies and selected business environment,where
legal,technological,competitive,marketrelated, and other environmental, factors external to the firm create both opportunities and threats. Organizations perform SWOT analyses to discover what strengths and weaknesses they have to deploy against threats and opportunities. This SWOT analysis leads into e-business and e-marketing strategy. Firms, select e-business strategies and e-business models, and then marketers formulate strategy and create e-marketing plans that will help the firm accomplish its overall goals. The final step is to determine the success
of the strategies and plans by measuring results. Performance metrics
are specific measures designed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the e-business and e-marketing operations. this is so important in today` s e-business climate that media reports seem to be full of references to ROI and other measures of success for e-business strategies and tactics featured in the model.
The esp model might just as easily depict a brick-and-mortar
business process -by removing a few "e `s" this underscores the idea
that e-businesses are built on sound practices and proven processes but with important e-transformations and emarketing practices, as discussed
in this book.
This chapter examines the environmental factors in the ESP model, whereas Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 explore these important factors in more depth. Chapter 2 delves into the strategy area, and Chapter 3 discusses the e-marketing planning process.
The marketing environment is ever change, providing plenty of opportunities to develop new products, new markets, and new media to communicate whit customers, plus new channels to reach business partners. At the same time, the environment poses! Competitive, economic , and other threats. This section introduces three key environmental factors that affect e-marketing : legal, technological, and marketrelated factors.
Current and pending legislation can greatly influence e-marketing strategies. Chief among these are laws concerning privacy, digital
property, expression, and fraud. Privacy is difficult to legislate, yet
it is critically important to consumers who routinely yield personal information over the Internet. One hot issue involves opt-out e-mail. This occurs when users must uncheck a Web page box to avoid being put on a few users read the Web page carefully enough to notice the opo-out box. Digital
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property problems began in the Web` s early days and continue to puzzle firms and legislators alike. In a medium where content is freely distributed, it can be freely ripped off-not a good thing for the
content authors. Spam, offensive content , and other forms of personal expression conflict whit user rights and thus, from an ongoing
discussion among legislaer needs? Finally , new technology brings new opportunities for fraud. Although regulatory agencies are working hard
to prevent fraud, enforcement is difficult in a networked
world.Technological developments are altering the composition of
Internet audiences as well as the quality of material that can be delivered to them. For example, about 20% of the U.S. Population enjoys high-bandwidth connections-primarily cable modems and DSL lines--that enable delivery of multimedia content. Some Web sites are beginning to create three forms of content :a high-- speed multimedia form, a
standard PC offering, and a handheld format for wireless devices such as cell phones. The prolofera-tion of wireless devices creates a new set of design challenges as firms try to squeeze content onto tinier screens.
Also important are technology concerns in developing countries. As communication infrastructures improve and more people use handheld devices ,new geographic markets develop. Further ,e-marketing is evolving through software advances. For instance, technologies that target consumers according to their online behavior are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Incorporating these technologies into Web site design can give a firm a distinct competitive advantage.
3.E-Business Markets
Sergio Zyman, formerly chief marketing officer of Coca-cola ,has been quoted as saying, marketing is supposed to sell stuff. One way information technology helps sell stuff if they don’t` identify appropriate markets. Exhibit 1—5 highlights three
important markets that both sell and buy to each other: businesses, consumers, and governments. Although this book focuses on the B2C markets are where most business activity occurs.
The business market is huge because a higher proportion of firms are connected to the Internet than consumers, especially in developing countries. Much of the B2B online activity is transparent to consumers because it involves proprietary networks that allow information and database sharing .Consider FedEx, the package delivery firm. This company maintains mation . Its customers can schedule a package pick-up using the Web site, track the package using a PC or handheld Palm Pilot, and pay the
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shipping bill online. Sometimes the shipping order is automatically triggered when a mail notification of its delivery progress to the retailer.
The Internet is a global market with opportunities existing in unimagined locations, which is why e-marketers must understand consumers in potential geographic segments. For example, with an annual average income of US$300, Vietnamese citizens who opt to spend 28% of their salary on online services do not have much purchasing power. Further, there are waiting lists for automobiles in Vietnam, so an online branding campaign might be a waste of resources . Conversely, Iceland and Denmark are two of the most wired countries in the world with over 60% Internet penetration. Also, consumers in many countries pay by the minute for local phone access. This is a tremendous deterrent to the kind of casual surfing practiced by Internet users in developed nations. In addition, the infrastructure in some countries does not support high-speed modems. Content delivered to these countries may, therefore, have to be light on bandwidth. Chapters 15 and 16 look at global Internet markets in more detail.
4.Strategic Planning
Amazon, like every other marketer on and off the Web, uses strategic planning to get ready for a profitable and sustainable business future. Strategic planning is the “managerial process of developing and maintaining a viable fit between the organization`s objectives”, Two key elements of strategic planning are the preparation of a SWOT
analysis and the establishment of strategic objectives.the SWOT analysis examines the company` s internal strengths and weaknesses with respect
to the environment and the competition and looks at external
opportunities and threats. Opportunities may help to define a target market or identify new product opportunities, while threats are areas of exposure.
In a parallel fashion, marketing strategy becomes e-marketing
strategy when marketers use digital technology to implement the strategy.Strategic e-marketing is the design of marketing strategy that capitalizes on the organization’s electronic or
information technology capabilities to reach specified objectives.
In essence, strategic e-marketing is where technology strategy and marketing strategy wed to form the organization’s e-marketing strategy.
Regardless of whether a customer buys from the stone, the catalog,
or the Web site, or whether contact is made by phone, in person, through e-mail, or by postal mail,
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employees can access the computerized database for up-to-date
account activity and information when dealing with customers.
Most strategic plans explain the rationale for the chosen objectives and strategies. This is especially true for a single e-business project trying to win its share of corporate resources and top-management support.
5.What`s Next
Regardless of the current disillusionment with e-business,many solid successes exist today and exciting new growth areas will soon emerge,
For-Tune magazine has identified seven trends that will help businesses move forward into e-marketing during the next few years:
Integrating IT software. Twenty-six percent of companies will spend money to integrate all the pieces of corporate technology, such as
linking front-end customer service software with back-end order
fulfillment system.
Boom in Web services. Web services will more deeply into finding universal standards for Internet-related software. Microsoft’s dot-net and Sun’s Java are two
competing architectures, for example.
Collaboration software. This allows employees, advisors, consultants, and other team members to work on projects while in different geographic locations. For example, ”Napster for Marketers” is peer-to-peer software that one consulting firm
uses to collaborate on marketing plans with ad agencies, designers, and others.
Dealing with too much date. Better customer relationship management software is helping firms reinforce customer loyalty by analyzing the mountain of data about previous behavior to suggest new products. For example, a flight attendant would be able to ask if a passenger wants coffee with sugar instead of the usual, ”What do you
want to drink?”data security. Techies are spending lots of time and money trying to protect data from hackers and viruses.
Wireless is here to stay. Technologies such ah 802.11 and Bluetooth use shortrange signals to link a variety of computing and handheld devices in homes, offices, and retail stores.growth in portable computing. Inexpensive computer storage and small machines will aid people who want to work at home, in the car or train, or virtually anywhere. Devices such as IBM’s 9-ounce Metapad hold 5 gigabytes of data
and will change the way people work.
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网络营销
https://www.360docs.net/doc/e39286999.html,的成长发展说明一些营销原理从来不曾变化，对于一项创新产品，只要它能为顾客提供价值，即使已有众多竞争者，市场也总是乐于接受的。Google 的成功表明顾客信任的号品牌好的营销组合战略可以有效的帮助新顾客进入纷繁复杂的市场，然而，企业组织纷纷确定如何更好的利用信息技术获得效益收益，确定技术对企业战略而言意味着什么，市场营销人员需要只奥因特网，数据库，无线移动设备及其他技术能提升哪些经过长时期实践检验的营销理念，面对飞速发展的因特网及其后爆发的com经济泡沫，市场营销人员总会问:“接下来会是什么,”我们将试图依照传统营销惯例，通过对成功的网络营销战略进行详细而系统的说明。
1什么是网络营销
网络营销通过对信息技术的广泛应用，达到以下目标:第一，通过更为有效的市场细分、目标定位、差异化、渠道策略等方式，转换营销战略，为顾客创造更大
价值;第二对网络营销理念、分销策略、促销策略、产品价格、服务及创意等进行更为有效的规划和实施;第三，创造满足个人和组织客户需求的交易。
这个定义听上去与传统营销的定义非常类似。从另一个方面，可以把网络营销看做是信息技术应用于传统营销的结果，网络营销从以下两方面营销传统营销:首先网络营销提高了传统营销的效率;其次网络营销技术的应用使得很多营销战略发生变化。这种改变带来了新的业务模式，使顾客价值得以提升，并能提供公司收益。
2环境、战略和实施
网络营销源于企业电子业务的总体战略以及企业所选择的业务模式，从企业所选择的业务环境开始，法律、技术、竞争、市场及其他企业外部环境因素在为企业创造机会的同时，也带来了威胁。面对这些机会和威胁，企业通过SWOT分析来发现自己的优势和劣势，并制定出电子业务和网络营销战略。公司选择适合自己的电子业务和模式，营销人员对战略进行阐述，并制定出网络营销计划，帮助公司实现其总体目标，最后要通过评估结果确定战略计划是否成功，功能规阵是对电子业务和网络营销的实施效果和效率进行评估的具体方法，站在当前的电子业务时代，媒体报道是评价指标似乎都是ROI及功能矩阵模型中强调的电子业务战略战术的其他成功评论方法，此时，功能矩阵尤显重要。
如果去点一些电子，ESP模型描述的就是砖块加砂浆的业务流程。这一点更
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加强调了电子业务是建立在合理的流程和丰富的实践基础之上的，但重要的是发生了电子化转变和网络营销实践，这将进一进行步讨论。
主要将对EPS模型中的环境因素进行讨论说明，其中的重要因素将在技术杠杆和道德和法律问题做进一步阐述。下一节将深入分析战略内容，之后将讨论网络营销计划的制定。
营销环境始终处于不断变化的状态，公司有大量的机会通过开发新产新市场、新媒介与客户沟通，通过开拓新的渠道与商业伙伴合作。同时，环境的变化也会形成竞争，带来经济户其他方面的压力。下面主要将法律、环境因素等。
网路营销会受到现有法律和正在制定的法律的重大影响，其中主要涉及保密性、数字所有权、表述形式和欺诈方面的法律，保密性方面的立法比较困难，但这对于英特网传输个人信息的消费者又十分重要电子邮件的选择退出功能就是一个麻烦问题，用户必须点击网页上的选择退出复选框才能避免被加入该公司的邮件列表，一些立法者认为，供公司这样做不合法，因为很少有客户注意阅读时的选择退出，因特网产生的早期就出现了数字所有权问题，现在这个问题仍然使企业和立法者感到困惑。在能够自由发布的内容的媒介上，内容也能被自由的删除这对于作者来说不是一件好事。垃圾邮件攻击性内容以及其他违背用户权利的表述形式成为立法者只能跪在探讨对的问题。政府如何在此之间保持平衡，最后，心技术的产生也带来了心得欺诈机会。虽然管理机构一直在努力防止欺诈，但是难以在网络世界实施。技术的发展不仅改变了网络受众的组成成分而且使传递到用户的信息质量发生变化。例如，20%的美国人喜欢高宽带连接，主要通过电缆调节器和数字技术接入因特网，她主要是传递信息媒体，一些WEB网站已经开始介入新形式的信息内容“高速多媒体信息，标准PC产品信息和用于移动电话等无线设备的掌上产品信息。无线设备应用的扩大还带来了新的设计上的挑战:公司试图将信息内容压缩到微小的屏幕中，技术的重要性与国家的发展息息相关。网络营销是通过网络技术的提高而发展的。例如，根据在线确定目标客户已变得越来越复杂，如能将这些结合到WEB得站点中，将会给公司带来明显的竞争优势。
3电子商务市场
可口可乐公司全球经销总监瑟尔资奥斯曼测曾说过:营销就是要把东西卖出去信息技术有助于销售的一种途径是:在交易前后，使公司与潜在客户、客户
合作伙伴及供应链成员之间的联系更加便利，但如果营销者没有进行恰当市场定位，即使有新技术也无法帮助销售商品。相互间存在买卖关系的三方:企业消费者和政府。尽管是以B2C为重点，涵盖B2B，但大多电子商务活动将出现
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B2G,C2C商场中。
由于公司链到因特网的你离高于消费者，因此，企业市场更为庞大，这一点在发展中国家尤为明显。由于许多现在交易包含明显共享信息和数据库转悠网络，因此消费者是透明的。美国联邦快递公司拥有一个商业客户货运数据和账务的庞大信息库。消费者可以在WEB站点上制定包裹，利用PC等掌上电脑跟踪包裹，有时消费者在联邦快递消费购买时，可以自动产生订单，随后公司通过邮件通知零售商，告知货运进展情况。
因特网是一个全球性的市场，在许多未知领域存在大量机会，这也是众多网络营销商想要掌握潜在地域细分客户的原因，例如在越南，城市年均收入300美元，按28%的薪水用于在线服务计算，购买力不高，而且，越南人都在排队等待购买汽车，因此在线品牌战略很可能是一种资源浪费，与之相反，冰岛和丹麦属于世界上网络连通最发达的国家，连接因特网的比例超过60%，而许多国家的消费者还在按分钟向网络支付话费，这对于偶尔上网冲浪的发达地区客户是一个巨大的障碍，此外，一些国家的基础设施尚不能支付高度调节器，因此发送到这些国家的信息只能少量的利宽带。
4战略规划
战略规划是在组织的目标技术资源以及不断变化的市场机会之间发展并维护一个可行方式的管理过程，战略规划的两个基本要素是准备SWOT分析和建立战略目标。Swot分析根据公司所处的环境和竞争程度审查了企业内部的有事和劣势，并
且看到了企业外部的机会和威胁，机会可以帮助企业明确市场定位或验证新产品的时机，而威胁是暴露出来的部分。
类似的，当营销人员利用数字技术实施战略时，营销战略就变成了网络营销战略。
战略网络营销是营销战略的设计，它利用组织的电子或信息技术能力来实现特定的目标。从本质上来说，战略网络营销是技术战略和营销战略的结合。
无论客户是从商场、目录栏还是网页购买商品，还是通过电话、面谈、电子邮件或者邮政信件完成联络，雇员处理客户需求时可以进入计算机数据库得到及时更新的账户活动和信息。
大多数的战略计划解释了被选定的目标和战略的合理性。这些对师徒赢得公司资源共享和高级管理层支持的独立电子业务项目来说尤为适用。
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5 下一步的趋势
《财富》杂志列出了未来纪念的7个发展趋势，将有助于企业步入网络营销: 集成IT软件。26,的公司将投资对公司全部技术进行集成，如把前端客户服务软件和后端订单处理系统连接起来。
Web服务繁荣。Web服务将有更深入的发展，为因特网相关软件建立通用标准。例如，微软公司的.net和太阳微系统公司的Java就是两个互相竞争的基础构架。
协同软件。使用协同软件，公司的员工、顾问和项目团队的其他成员能够实现在不同的地理区域协同工作。例如“Napster for marketers”是一个对等网络软件，咨询公司使用此软件和广告代理商，设计人员及其他相关人员协作制定营销计划。
大量数据处理。好的客户关系管理软件通过分析用户以前的购买行为向其推荐新的产品，帮助企业提高用户的忠诚度。例如，空中服务员根据乘客以前乘机的偏好记录，可以直接询问他是否需要加糖的咖啡，而不是通常的“您需要什么”。数据安全。技术人员花费了大量时间和资金设法保护数据受到来自黑客和病毒的威胁。无线技术。802.11和蓝牙等技术使用近程信号，把家里、办公司和零售店的多种计算和处理设备连接在一起。
便携式计算的增长。价格低廉的计算机储存设备和小型及其，帮助人们实现在家中、汽车里、火车上，乃至任何地方办公。例如IBM的小型Metapad卡片式电脑仅重9盎司，却能储存5G数据。设备将改变人们的工作方式。
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网络营销参与与消费者行为外文翻译
网络营销参与与消费者行为外文翻译 本科毕业论文设计外文翻译原文 Internet Marketing Involvement and Consumer Behavior Introduction One of the most stunning aspects of the past few years has been the speed at which the Internet market has expanded and matured This rapid rate of Internet adoption has resulted in an extraordinary pace of change in the marketing landscape- and opened up a variety of opportunities for marketers All across Taiwan and around the world shopping centers are closing their doors as consumers turn to the Internet for all of their shopping needs The Internet as the primary on-line marketing channel is now overtaking the commercial on-line servicesIn fact all of the on-line service firms now offer Internet access as a primary service Users can send e-mails exchange views shop for products and access newsfood recipes art and business information As the Internet establishes its position as a mainstream marketing channel consumer criticism regarding Internet marketing strategies have increased as well Critics worry about information privacy including issues related to the acquisition and dissemination
网络营销外文翻译
E---MARKETING (From:E--Marketing by Judy Strauss,Adel El--Ansary,Raymond Frost---3rd ed.1999 by Pearson Education pp .G4-G25.) As the growth of Googel. shows, some marketing principles never change.Markets always welcome an innovative new product, even in a crowded field of competitors ,as long as it provides customer value.Also,Google`s success shows that customers trust good brands and that well-crafted marketing mix strategies can be effective in helping newcomers enter crowded markets. Nevertheless, organizations are scrambling to determine how they can use information technology profitably and to understand what technology means for their business strategies. Marketers want to know which of their time-ested concepts will be enhanced by the Internet, databases,wireless mobile devices, and other technologies. The rapid growth of the Internet and subsequent bursting of the dot- bubble has marketers wondering,"What next?" This article attempts to answer these questions through careful and systematic examination of successful e-mar-keting strategies in light of proven traditional marketing practices. （Sales Promotion;E--Marketing；Internet；Strategic Planning ） 1.What is E--Marketing E--Marketing is the application of a broad range of information technologies for: Transforming marketing strategies to create more customer value through more effective segmentation ,and positioning strategies；More efficiently planning and executing the conception, distribution promotion,and pricing of goods,services,and ideas;andCreating exchanges that satisfy individual consumer and organizational customers` objectives. This definition sounds a lot like the definition of traditional marketing. Another way to view it is that e-marketing is the result of information technology applied to traditional marketing. E-marketing affects traditional marketing in two ways. First,it increases efficiency in traditional marketing strategies.The transformation results in new business models that add customer value and/or increase company profitability.
互联网网络营销外文文献翻译
互联网网络营销外文文献翻译 (含：英文原文及中文译文) 文献出处：Peter Kenzelmann. Technical Consultancy in Internationalization[J]. International Marketing Review, 2006, 4(3):20-29. 英文原文 The technical basis of network marketing Peter Kenzelmann Network marketing is based on the technology infrastructure of computer network technology, as represented by information technology. Computer networks of modern communications technology and computer technology to the product of combining it in different geographic regions and specialized computer equipment for external interconnection lines of communication into a large, powerful networks, thus enabling a large number of computers can easily transmit information to each other, share hardware, software, data and other resources. And network marketing is closely related to the computer network there are three types: the Internet, Extranet and Intranet. The theoretical basis for the network marketing Theoretical foundation of network marketing is direct marketing network theory, network theory of relationship marketing, marketing theory and network software to integrate marketing theory. (A) Direct Response Network Marketing Theory
毕业设计_英语专业论文外文翻译
1. Introduction America is one of the countries that speak English. Because of the special North American culture, developing history and the social environment, American English has formed its certain unique forms and the meaning. Then it turned into American English that has the special features of the United States. American English which sometimes also called United English or U.S English is the form of the English language that used widely in the United States .As the rapid development of American economy, and its steady position and strong power in the world, American English has become more and more widely used. As in 2005, more than two-thirds of English native speakers use various forms of American English. The philologists of the United States had divided the English of the United States into four major types: “America n creating”; “Old words given the new meaning”; “Words that eliminated by English”;“The phonetic foreign phrases and the languages that are not from the English immigrates”[1]. Compared to the other languages, American English is much simple on word spelling, usage and grammar, and it is one of the reasons that American English is so popular in the world. The thesis analyzes the differences between American English and British English. With the main part, it deals with the development of American English, its peculiarities compared to that of British English, its causes and tendency. 2. Analyses the Differences As we English learners, when we learning English in our junior or senior school, we already came across some words that have different spellings, different pronunciations or different expressions, which can be represented by following contrasted words: spellings in "color" vs. "colour"; pronunciations in "sec-re-ta-ry" vs. "sec-re-try";
网络营销策略外文文献翻译
文献出处：Guzzo T, D’Andrea A, Ferri F, et al. Evolution of Marketing Strategies: From Internet Marketing to M-Marketing[C]//On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 Workshops. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012: 627-636. 原文 Evolution of Marketing Strategies:From Internet Marketing to M-Marketing Tiziana Guzzo, Alessia D’Andrea, Fernando Ferri, and Patrizia Grifoni 1 Introduction Marketing is “the process which creates, communicates, delivers the value to the consumers, and maintains the relationship with consumers. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business developments. It is “an integrated process through which companies build strong consumers relationships and create value for their consumers and for themselves” Marketing strategies have a long history and mainly interested economists and sociologists. The wide use of Internet, pervasiveness of social networks and the evolution of mobile devise are implying a wider involvement of interdisciplinary competences enlarging the interest toward ICT competences. This paper is to describe the evolution of marketing strategies from the advent of the Web (Internet Marketing) - through the advent of Social Networks (Marketing 2.0) - to the evolution of Mobile Social Networks (M-marketing). In particular, the paper analyses the use that Italian people make of mobile devices and the user perception and acceptance of M-marketing.
java毕业论文外文文献翻译
Advantages of Managed Code Microsoft intermediate language shares with Java byte code the idea that it is a low-level language witha simple syntax , which can be very quickly translated intonative machine code. Having this well-defined universal syntax for code has significant advantages. Platform independence First, it means that the same file containing byte code instructions can be placed on any platform; atruntime the final stage of compilation can then be easily accomplished so that the code will run on thatparticular platform. In other words, by compiling to IL we obtain platform independence for .NET, inmuch the same way as compiling to Java byte code gives Java platform independence. Performance improvement IL is actually a bit more ambitious than Java bytecode. IL is always Just-In-Time compiled (known as JIT), whereas Java byte code was ofteninterpreted. One of the disadvantages of Java was that, on execution, the process of translating from Javabyte code to native executable resulted in a loss of performance. Instead of compiling the entire application in one go (which could lead to a slow start-up time), the JITcompiler simply compiles each portion of code as it is called (just-in-time). When code has been compiled.once, the resultant native executable is stored until the application exits, so that it does not need to berecompiled the next time that portion of code is run. Microsoft argues that this process is more efficientthan compiling the entire application code at the start, because of the likelihood that large portions of anyapplication code will not actually be executed in any given run. Using the JIT compiler, such code willnever be compiled.
本科毕业设计外文文献翻译
（ 本科毕业设计外文文献翻译 学校代码： 10128 学 号： 题 目：Shear wall structural design of high-level framework 学生姓名： 学 院：土木工程学院 系 别：建筑工程系 专 业：土木工程专业（建筑工程方向） 班 级：土木08-（5）班 指导教师： (副教授)
Shear wall structural design of high-level framework Wu Jicheng Abstract: In this paper the basic concepts of manpower from the frame shear wall structure, analysis of the structural design of the content of the frame shear wall, including the seismic wall shear span ratio design, and a concrete structure in the most commonly used frame shear wall structure the design of points to note. Keywords: concrete; frame shear wall structure; high-rise buildings The wall is a modern high-rise buildings is an important building content, the size of the frame shear wall must comply with building regulations. The principle is that the larger size but the thickness must be smaller geometric features should be presented to the plate, the force is close to cylindrical. The wall shear wall structure is a flat component. Its exposure to the force along the plane level of the role of shear and moment, must also take into account the vertical pressure. Operate under the combined action of bending moments and axial force and shear force by the cantilever deep beam under the action of the force level to look into the bottom mounted on the basis of. Shear wall is divided into a whole wall and the associated shear wall in the actual project, a whole wall for example, such as general housing construction in the gable or fish bone structure film walls and small openings wall. Coupled Shear walls are connected by the coupling beam shear wall. But because the
市场营销专业网络营销的技术基础大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译 文献、资料中文题目：网络营销的技术基础 文献、资料英文题目：The technical basis of network marketing 文献、资料来源： 文献、资料发表（出版）日期： 院（部）： 专业：市场营销 班级： 姓名： 学号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 2017.02.14
The technical basis of network marketing Peter Kenzelmann Network marketing is based on the technology infrastructure of computer network technology, as represented by information technology. Computer networks of modern communications technology and computer technology to the product of combining it in different geographic regions and specialized computer equipment for external interconnection lines of communication into a large, powerful networks, thus enabling a large number of computers can easily transmit information to each other, share hardware, software, data and other resources. And network marketing is closely related to the computer network there are three types: the Internet, Extranet and Intranet. [Edit] the theoretical basis for the network marketing Theoretical foundation of network marketing is direct marketing network theory, network theory of relationship marketing, marketing theory and network software to integrate marketing theory. (A) Direct Response Network Marketing Theory Internet marketing as an effective direct marketing strategy, network marketing that can be tested and measurable and can be evaluated and controlled. Therefore, the characteristics of the use of network marketing, you can greatly improve the efficiency of marketing and marketing decision-making effectiveness of the implementation. Direct marketing theory is the 20th century, one of the 80's the concept of eye-catching. Direct Marketing Association of the United States for its definition is: "a place to produce any measurable response and (or) use the Stock Exchange reached one or more advertising media marketing system interaction." Directly Marketing the key to the theory that network marketing is that it can be tested, measurable, can be evaluated, which a fundamental solution to evaluate the effect of the traditional difficulties in marketing and marketing for more scientific decision-making possible. (B) the network theory of relationship marketing Relationship Marketing is a great importance since 1990 by the marketing theory, which mainly includes two basic points: First of all, in the macro level will be recognized that the scope of marketing a wide range of areas, including customer market, the labor market, the supply market , the internal market, the market stakeholders, as well as the affected market (government, financial markets); at the micro level, recognizing that the relationship between business and customers are constantly changing, the core of marketing should be a simple one-time past transactions to a focus on maintaining relations up long-term relationships. Socio-economic system, enterprises are a major subsystem, corporate marketing objectives by many external factors to the impact of marketing activities of enterprises
网络营销策略分析外文翻译文献
网络营销策略分析外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)
Network marketing strategy analysis of VANCL Abstract:21 century is the information century, the development of science technology, economic and social is to meet the coming of age. The network marketing is also the Internet for media, to implement marketing campaigns in the new ways, method and idea, more effective individual and organization the realization of the trading activities. Enterprise how to develop the network marketing in such a huge market potential, occupation in emerging markets, to the enterprise both opportunities and challenges. The network marketing is also produced in the change of the values of consumers: meet the needs of the consumers, is the enterprise manages the core of the eternal. Using network of this high- technology to provide consumers with various types of service, is a important way of future competition advantage. V ANCL makes a huge success by the network marketing, and becomes a Chinese clothing network marketing market leader in the short term. Based on the network marketing way as the foundation, reading V ANCL marketing strategy. Key words:Network marketing Marketing strategy V ANCL The network marketing as a new marketing concept and marketing mode in a digital economy times, even if the enterprise opened up more broad market, and can lead and reforming the traditional marketing. The network marketing compared with the traditional marketing has the personality, interactive, economy, efficiency and obvious advantages, if V ANCL want to market in big foothold, it must learn to use the new marketing method, the most suitable for enterprise of the integration of traditional and modern marketing method. 1、The marketing situation of V ANCL With the development of the Internet, e-commerce enterprises emerging batches. The e-commerce market in other properties, once created "clothing direct sales model" the myth of a brief period of prosperity in PPG after into decline. And take the
毕业论文外文翻译模版
长江大学工程技术学院 毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 外 文 题 目 Matlab Based Interactive Simulation Program for 2D Multisegment Mechanical Systems 译 文 题 目 二维多段机械系统基于Matlab 的 交互式仿真程序 系 部 化学工程系 专 业 班 级 化工60801 学 生 姓 名 李泽辉 指 导 教 师 张 铭 辅 导 教 师 张 铭 完 成 日 期 2012.4.15 顶层配置在管路等，要求设备，所有设要求，对调整使案，编是指机确保机组中资料试
外文翻译 二维多段机械系统基于Matlab 的交互式仿真程序 Henryk Josiński, Adam ?witoński, Karol J?drasiak 著；李泽辉 译 摘要：本文介绍了多段机械系统设计原则，代表的是一个模型的一部分的设计系统，然后扩展 形成的几个部分和模型算法的分类与整合的过程，以及简化步骤的过程叫多段系统。本文还介绍了设计过程的二维多段机械系统的数字模型，和使用Matlab 的软件包来实现仿真。本文还讨论测试运行了一个实验，以及几种算法的计算，实现了每个单一步骤的整合。 1 简介 科学家创造了物理模型和数学模型来表示人类在运动中的各种形式。数学模型 使创建数字模型和进行计算机仿真成为可能。模型试验，可以使人们不必真正的实 验就可以虚拟的进行力和力矩的分解。 本文研究的目的是建立一个简单的多段运动模型，以增加模型的连续性和如何 避免不连续为原则。这是创建一个人类运动模型系统的冰山一角。其使用matlab 程 序包创建的数字模型，可以仿真人类运动。 文献中关于这一主题的内容很广泛。运动的模式和力矩的分解在这些文献中都 有涉猎。动态的平面人体运动模型，提出了解决了迭代矩阵的方法。还值得一提的 是这类项目的参考书目，布鲁贝克等人提出了一个模型——人腿模型，这个以人的 物理运动为基础的平面模型仿真了人腿——一个单一的扭簧和冲击碰撞模型。人腿 模型虽然简单，但是它展示人类的步态在水平地面上的运动特征。布鲁贝克等人还 介绍，在人腿模型的双足行走的基础上，从生物力学的角度而言，符合人体步行的 特征。这个模型具有一个躯干，双腿膝盖和脚踝。它能够合理的表现出人多样的步 态风格。一个仿真人类运动的数学模型反应出了人的部分运动状态。 图1. 力的分解 2 力的分解
市场营销网络营销中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译 network marketing Peter Kenzelmann Abstract:Today, mankind has entered the era of rapid economic development of e-commerce-based network. A full range of rapid development and wide application of computer network technology on contemporary society, but also brought great changes to the enterprise marketing management. Network Marketing the new marketing methods to adapt to the changes of the era of the development of network technology and information networks, it has changed the traditional marketing concept, marketing strategy, marketing, ways and means, will become the mainstream of the current era of corporate marketing. The face I had many problems in the SME network marketing, we should also be a clear understanding of the inevitability of its development, which requires all aspects of synergy and cooperation, to build a good network consumption environment, and promote the continued development of network marketing. Keywords: network marketing sales model of network management marketing planning SME. https://www.360docs.net/doc/e39286999.html,work Marketing Theory Network marketing is based on the technology infrastructure of computer network technology, as represented by information technology. Computer networks of modern communications technology and computer technology to the product of combining it in different geographic regions and specialized computer equipment for external interconnection lines of communication into a large, powerful networks, thus enabling a large number of computers can easily transmit information to each other, share hardware, software, data and other resources. And network marketing is closely