2015湖南省考逻辑判断题型题型的解题套路(二)
逻辑判断题型题型的解题套路（二）
组合排列题
列表法
排除法
从选项中找答案（含组合的问题）
信息优先
肯定信息优先
信息量最大优先
特殊信息优先
（一）隐性结论类
可以推出型（概括题）标志：由此可以推出的最恰当结论是
1、前提出现可能性论断，结论一定是可能性论断（关键词：可能、往往）
2、一定涉及：文中的关键词和主题词（复用词，转折词，长段二句原则等判别）
3、绝不涉及：文中未提的概念
4、答案越可能越好（在主体正确的情况下，可能后面是无关概念的话，也可以是对的）
5、防不完全归纳
6、注意比、更、还，出现了基本是错的
做题方法：
主题词——排除无关——比更迅速难——可能——注意不完全归纳
无法推出型（细节题）标志：无法推出的是
1、原句定位
2、夸大事实者错
3、无由猜测
4、偷换概念（扩大或缩小）
做题方法：选项一句一句对比，可以不用阅读原文
（二）论证类演绎推理
加强论证型
补充前提
削弱论证型
给出论证
1、读命题
2、想答案
3、读选项
论证
前提型
前提多半排干扰（标志：前提条件是……原理：排除其他可能因素的综合作用，凸显单一原因的正确）
原因型
原因需要文中找（标志：最有可能的原因是/解释上述现象的是）
加强
支持型（标志：支持上述论断）
强支持：支持一般需强调（比较）
分两种情况：旁人不灵、没我不行（没有旁人）
弱支持：再说一遍、举例子
假设型（基于的假设是）很多时候凭语感或常识就可以找到所要问的隐含的前提
1、问论据。加上一个条件就变成了一个有效的三段论推理，比如题目中问到“上面的逻辑前提是哪个？”“再加上什么条件能够得出结论”；
2、问假设。公务员考试秘籍绝密资料谢绝转https://www.360docs.net/doc/e513295006.html,/（复制到浏览器打开）题干给出前提和结论，然后提问你假设是什么？或者要你提出正面的事实或有利于假设的说明，则加强论点，否则削弱论点。比如问到“上文的说法基于以下那一个假设？”“上述结论中隐含着下列哪项假设？”“上述议论中假设了下列哪项前提？”
3、问前提。以题干为结论，要求在选项中确定能推出题干的前提。或者，需要补充什么样的前提，才能使题干中的推理成为逻辑上有效的推理？
假设桥梁要搭好
A->B A->C 缺B -> C
甲是党员，甲去抗洪假设党员要抗洪
判断选项的方法，假设的正确选项如果取反，能够推翻原文的推理；对不确定选项的判断取反后，看是否能够推翻原文。
语义预设：一个命题能够为真或为假的前提条件
语用预设：话语A只有当命题B为交谈双方所共知时才是恰当的
母亲要求儿子从小就努力学外语。儿子说：“我长大又不想当翻译，何必学外语。”
以下哪项是儿子的回答中包含的前提？
A.要当翻译，需要学外语。
B.只有当翻译，才需要学外语。
C.当翻译没什么大意思。
D.学了外语才能当翻译。
E.学了外语也不见得能当翻译。
前提：不当翻译，结论：不学外语B学外语->当翻译-翻译->-学外语
说明解释题同阅读推理题（没有翻译过程，凭借常识和推理就可以解题）
说明解释型考题也是一种重要的题型，其主要表现形式是，在题干中给出某种需要说明、解释的现象，再问什么样的理由、根据、原因能够最好地解释该现象，或最不能解释该现象，
即与该现象的发生不相干。具体问法有：
(1)下列哪项最能解释上述现象？
(2)以下那种说法能够解释上文的数据或结果？
(3)以下那种说法能够有助于解释上文叙述中的矛盾？
解这类题型有时需要一些相关的背景知识，但这些知识都属于语言常识和一般性常识，并且已经在题干或选项中给出，只是要求从中做一些选择和判断而已。需要特别指出的是，对解释结果型，一般首先要明确解释的关键概念；对解释矛盾或差异型，思考的关键是抓住原文差异双方的差别，正是这一差别导致了现象的矛盾。
匹配及逻辑运算型（一定要100%正确）
只要细心得法，这类题目并不难
具体比如可以用假设反证法，耐心点推是个笨办法，但绝对是个好办法；也可以用表格法，把已知条件划在一个表格上，再进一步推理。
因果关系及因果倒置型
1、有因必有果，同因必同果
2、因变则果变
3、先因后果
4、常见多因一果
解题方法：
1、检查的某种因果关系是否为真，方法是改变原因后，看结果是否不同
2、表面因果与事实因果不符
推理形式或结构类比型（保证100%）
形式结构上比较题干和五个选项之间的相同或不同，即比较几个不同推理在结构上的相同或者不同。提问形式有：“下面哪一个选项与题干中的……最为类似？”“下面哪一个选项与题干中的……不同？”“下面的各选项都与题干中的……相同，除了”，“下面各选项都与题干中的不同，除了”，等等。
确定论点及继续推论型
求论点
削弱论证型（标志：最能质疑上述做法
削弱比加强简单
首先明确命题A->B，着重末句和转折词之后，直接读最后一句话
其次找削弱命题
A且否B（最强）（举反例）：你很黑，所以很丑
古天乐很黑，但他不丑
整体大于局部
否A（大多数情况否定）：你很丑，所以没有女朋友
我不丑
肯定大于可能
他因削弱C也是B的原因（变相地说A可能不是B的原因）
有些削弱是读题干就知道要答什么，例如是计算统计类和数字陷阱类，甲增长100%，乙增长200%，乙不一定比甲增长得多
共变
1、可能不存在联系
2、因果倒置
房间里有一批人，其中有一个是沈阳人，三个是南方人，两个是广东人，两个是作家，三个是诗人。如果以上介绍涉及到了房间中所有的人，那么，房间里最少可能是几人，最多可能是几人？
4-9
传递排序型
有A、B、C、D四个有实力的排球队进行循环赛(每个队与其它队各比赛一场)，比赛结果，B队输掉一场，C队比B队少赢一场，而B队又比D队少赢一场。
关于A队的名次，下列哪一项为真？
A.第一名。
B.第二名。
C.第三名。
D.第四名。
E.条件不足，不能断定。
[解题分析] 正确答案：D。
共有C2/4=6场比赛，B:1，C:0，D:2剩下A就是3场——第四名
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绝密★启用前 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡和该试题卷的封面上，并认 真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号和科目。 2. 考生作答时，选择题和非选择题均须做在答题卡上，在本试题卷上答题无效。考生 在答题卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题。 3. 考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 4. 本试题卷共10页，如缺页，考生须声明，否则后果自负。 湖南省怀化市中小学课程改革教育质量监测2015届高三上期中考试英语试题 温馨提示：本试题卷分四个部分，包括听力理解、语言知识运用、阅读和书面表达共10页。 时量120分钟。满分150分。 PartⅠListening Comprehension (30 marks) Section A (22.5 marks) Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question. You will hear each conversation TWICE. Example: When will the magazine probably arrive? A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Friday. The answer is B. Conversation 1 1. What is Mr. Smith? A. A history teacher. B. A physics teacher. C. A chemistry teacher. 2. What does the man think of the teacher? A. Experienced. B. Disorganized. C. Boring. Conversation 2 3. How much should the man pay in total? A. $150. B. $450. C. $300. 4. Which of the following is TRUE about the man? A. He books a double room. B. He will arrive on April 9th. C. He isn’t fond of meat Conversation 3 5. What does Harris probably want to do with Lucy? A. Have lunch. B. Watch a movie. C. Go to her office. 6. When will Harris and Lucy meet? A. At 6:50. B. At 7:10. C. At 10:00. Conversation 4 7. What is the woman explaining? A. A book. B. An accident. C. An expression. 8. What’s the woman’s attitude towards “burning bridges”? A. It should be avoided. B. It is sometimes necessary. C. It often happens in accidents.
(完整word版)湖南省2015年普通高等学校对口招生考试英语(对口)试题
机密★启用前 湖南省2015年普通高等学校对口招生考试 英语（对口）试题 本试题卷分四个部分，共12页。时量120分钟。满分120分。 第一部分听力理解（共两节，满分30分） Section A(22.5 marks) Directions: In this section, you wdl hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question遮followed by three choices marked A,Band c.Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question. You w/ll hear each conversation TWICE. Exrrmple: When will the magazine probably arrive? A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Friday. The answer is B. Conversation 1 1. When does the woman usually get home from work? A. About 6:30. B. About 7:30. C. About 8:30. 2. What did the woman do last night? A. She watched TV. B. She recorded a program. C. She prepared for a lecture. Conversation 2 3. How often does the man exercise at the gym? A. Every day. B. Every two days. C. Once a week. 4. Where will the two speakers meet before doing exercise this Friday? A. At the park. B. At the cafe. C. At the cinema. Conversation 3 5. What is Mr. Chester doing? A. Telephoning someone. B. Speaking to the woman. C. Leaving the man a message. 6. What is the man's last name? A. Oliver. B. Horst. C. Robert. Conversiorr 4 7. Why will the woman be late? A. She didn't catch the train. B. She didn't firush her paper. C. She didn't wake up in time.
2010年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试英语试卷(真题)
2010年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试试卷 英语 本试卷分四个部分，共7页。时量120分钟，满分100分。 第一部分听力技能(共两节，满分20分) 做听力部分时，请先在试题卷上作答。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将第1至第16小题的答案转涂到答题卡上，将第17至20小题的答案转写到答题卡上。 第一节听力理解(共“小题；每小题1分，满分16分) 听下面9段对话。每段对话后有一个或一个以上小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。 例听下面一段对话，回答第1小题。 How much is the shirt? A￡19.15. B ￡9.18. C ￡9.15. 答案是C。 听下面一段对话，回答第1小题。 1. Where is the man going? A To Paris. B To New Y ork. C To London. 听下面一段对话，回答第2小题。 2 What's the probable relationship between the two speakers? A Husband and wife. B Teacher and student. C Father and daughter. 听下面一段对话，回答第3小题。 3. Who sent the new camera to the boy? A His mother. B His sister. C His grandpa. 听下面一段对话，回答第4小题。 4 When may the man go for a picnic? A Next year. B Next month. C Next week. 听下面一段对话，回答第5小题。 5. How does the woman prefer to come here? A By bus. B By bike. C On foot. 听—下面——段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 6 What are they preparing for? A A trip. B An English evening. C An English project. 7 Where did Daniel get the books? A From his teacher. B From the bookstore. C From the library. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。 8. Why does Li Hua like traveling? A He can make new friends. B He likes his hometown. C He's got some money. 9 How many cities has Li Hua been to? A Two. B Three. C Four. 10 Which city did A'fang visit, Changsha, Hangzhou or Haikou? A Changsha. B Hangzhou. C Haikou. 听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。 11 What do the girl's parents want her to do at school?
2015年4月大学英语B统考题库 网考大学英语B真题3
一、交际英语 1.- Mike, I am going to skate in the mountains tomorrow. - Oh, really? _____ A.I am sorry. B.Thank you. C.Have a good time. D.Congratulations! 答案：C 2.- Congratulations! You won the first prize in today's speech contest. - _____ A.Yes, I beat the others. B.No, no, I didn't do it well. C.Thank you. D.It's a pleasure. 答案：C 3.- Could you help me with my physics, please？ - _______ A.No, no way. B.No, I couldn't. C.No, I can't. D.Sorry I can't. I have to go to a meeting right now. 答案：D 4.- Do you mind my smoking here? - _______ A.No, thanks. B.Yes, I do. C.Yes. I'd rather not. D.Good idea. 答案：B 5.- Please help yourself to the seafood. - ________ A.No, I can't. B.Sorry, I can't help. C.Well, seafood don't suit. D.Well, I'm afraid I don't like seafood. 答案：D
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题第2套
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying ‘'Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission.’’ You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1.A)The agenda for the board of directors’ meeting. B)The details of the meeting to be held next week. C) The reason for the man’s absence from the meeting. D) The time for the man’s visit to the woman’s company. 2.A)At a travel agency. C)In a library. B)At a department store. D)In a post office. 3.A)He cannot hear the woman’s call. C)He cannot recall the phone number. B)He cannot get through to New York. D)He cannot find a public phone nearby. 4.A)Watch a movie with the woman. C)Do some shopping with Jane. B) Revise his thesis in the office. D)Discuss his thesis with Prof. Hudson. 5.A)He just cannot work properly without a watch. B)He has no idea where he can buy a gold watch. C)He still does not know where he left his watch. D)He is not sure what went wrong with his watch. 6.A)He forgot all about what he said. C)He was sorry for being off sick last week. B)He slipped and hurt his head. D)He thought the woman’s car had been sold. 7.A)She should try to catch an earlier bus. C)She is always making excuses for being late.