托福写作词汇。托福作文高分宝典

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写作词汇
i. Education 类词汇 Education: 1) 培养（某种素质）cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展 promote the student’s physical, mental ( 或者用intellectual) and emotional development 心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare(nouns) 学习能力（先天就有的）aptitude/talent 学习能力（后天学习到的） ability/ skill 学生接受的学校教育（名词）schooling(noun) 儿童接受的家庭教育（名词）upbringing(noun) 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do something 或者 motivate (vt) the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths 2) 传授知识 impart(vt)/inculcate(vt) knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观念 instill(vt) high moral values (注以values 复数比试价值观) 给学生以灵感 stimulate the students; thought 或者 give the students inspiration 家长教育子女的方式（名词）parenting/ upbringing 教学法 teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology 适应（动词） adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 适应能力 adaptability 学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握 students’ grasp/ command(nouns) of what has been taught 就业技能employable/ marketable skill 3) 限制创造力的发展 extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt) creativity(noun) 打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts) the students’ enthusiasm 或者frustrate the students 产生不必要的压力beget/ create undue pressure 塑造某人的性格 mould(BrE,vt) one’s character 责任感 a sense of obligation 学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器 student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas. 死记硬背 learn thing by rote. 4) 记忆方程式，公式，定理，定律 memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws(nouns) 应用apply (vt) 盲从 follow something blindly/ indiscriminately（adv）用填鸭式教学教育学生 force-feed(vt) the students 为了记忆而记忆 memorize for memorization’ s own sake 5) 把学生分开教育（比如根据智力或者课堂上的表现） segregate(vt) students 来自于其他同学的压力 peer pressure 逆境 adverse circumstances /adversity 团队精神 team spirit(noun) 独立思考 think independently(adv) 6) 在理解的基础上学习 learn things through understanding 鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题 encourage students to think critically(adv) 学生的反馈 students’ feedback 或者 students’ input 学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate their teachers’ performance 7) 学生学习的各门功课加在一起 curriculum(noun) 具体的一门课的内容 syllabus 课外活动 extra-curricular activity 学校是社会的缩影 A school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律（名词）indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief (nouns) 不遵守纪律的（形容词）学生 disruptive/ unruly students 8) 理论知识theoretical knowledge 通才 generalist 专才 specialist 全面发展的 well-rounded /versatile 为社会健康发展做贡献 contribute to societal well-being/ welfare (注意这里welfare 不是“福利”的意思) 9) 大学学科的分类可以分为：人文学科（包括文学、历史、语言学等）humanities 社会科学（包括政治、经济、社会学等）social sciences 艺术（包括音乐、雕塑等）arts 文科的总称也可以称为 liberal arts 或者liberal studies 理科（包括物理、化学、生物等）
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sciences 工科（包括工程，自动化等）engineering 大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做一个discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育 primary-level education 中学教育 secondary-level education 大学教育 tertiary-level education 职业教育 vocational education/ training 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths Education 类模板 1 In this day and age, it is universally acknowledged that education is one of the key determinant of individual success. 众所周知，在当代教育是一个人成功的决定因素之一。 2In contemporary society, education plays a pivotal role in individual development. 在当代社会，教育在个人发展中扮演着至关重要的角色。 ii. Technology & media 类词汇 10) 尖端的技术 cutting-edged(adj) technology 信息爆炸 information explosion/ information overload 信息时代 the information age/ the information era 无联网被广泛的使用 the proliferation of the Internet 科技创新及发展 technological innovations/ inventions/ advances/ progressions (nouns) 提高效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts) efficiency 提高生产效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts) productivity 减少人力的机器（计算机发明之前的技术） labor-saving machinery 11) 取代人力的机器 labor-replacing machinery 自动化 automation (noun)/ automated (adj) 生物技术 biotechnology 克隆cloning (noun) clone (verb) 远程通讯 telecommunications(noun) 太空探索（名词） space exploration 人的基因构成 one’s genetic makeup/ one’s DNA programming Media 12) 实事current affairs 新闻界 the press 印刷媒体（如报纸、杂志） the print media 报道新闻的机构 news outlets 电子媒体 the electronic media 无处不在的 prevalent/ ubiquitous/ pervasive 充斥着… be awash with/ be inundated with / be saturated with something 审查 censor 删除 delete/eliminate/ excise(vts) 过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive/ gratuitous violent and pornographic contents 13) 有误导性的 misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted 诈骗性的 fraudulent 虚假的 false/ bogus 报道非常详细的细节 report something in graphic detail 媒体炒作 media hype 夸大事实 exaggerate things/ sensationalize things/ blow things out of all proportion(最后一个口语化说法，但作文也可用) 客观公正的 objective and balanced 揭露 expose/reveal 14) 侵犯隐私 violate/intrude on/ infringe on /someone ‘ s privacy 毁坏某人的名誉 tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch one’s reputation 狗仔队 paparazzi(复数名词，不能加s) 名人 a celebrity/ celebrities(plural) 丑闻 scandals 掩盖（丑闻或罪行等）cover up/ gloss over/whitewash 15) 不客观的，不公正的 biased/skewed/unobjective 如实描写 factual accounts 可信的 reliable/trustworthy/dependable 及时的 up-to-date/ up-to –the-minute （后者比前者更及时）信息量大的 informative 娱乐性强的 entertaining 有新闻价值 newsworthy 道德准则 code of ethic 或者code of conduct Technology & Media 模板
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In present-day society, technology is advancing/ progressing by leaps and bounds in a host of arenas. 在当代，科技在在众多的领域告诉的发展。 In this day and age, technology is transforming/ revolutionizing the way we live, work, learn and play. 在当代，科技正彻底的改变我们的生活、工作和学习的方式。 Technology is like a two-edge sword—it has generated boons as well as banes to our lives. 科技就像一把双刃剑，给我们的生活既带来了好处也带来了坏处。 Progression in … technology have enabled us to … …科技的进步使我们可以… The media are the most pervasive industries in today’s world and they have profound impact on our lives. 今天，媒体是传播最广泛的产业之一而且对我们的生活产生深远的影响。 Since the advent of the information era, the media have assumed on increasingly pivotal role in our lives. 随着信息时代的到来，媒体正扮演着一种越来越重要的角色。 iii. Tourism 类词汇 16) 旅游景点 tourist attraction/ tourist spots/ places of interest 开阔眼界 push back/ expand one’s vision/ horizons (注意 horizons 必须是复数) 游客与当地人互动 Tourists can interact with the locals 促进文化交流 promote cultural communication 吸引 draw/ attract/ appeal to (vts)/ be a magnet for somebody 亲身体验（名词） first-hand experience(noun) 多种感观体验的（如听觉、触觉等） multi-sensory(adj) 冲突 conflict(noun, vi+with) 争端 discord/ dissension 17) 把游客和当地人隔绝 seclude / isolate(vts) the tourists from the locals 商业化 commercialize/ commodify（vts）欺骗游客的手段 tourist traps 间接体验（比如通过电视或者互联网，名词）second-hand experience/ vicarious experience 文化遗产 cultural heritage 互联网不会让旅游业过时 The Internet will not render tourism obsolete. Tourism 模板 With international tourism booming, the issue of …has been thrown into sharp relief. 随着旅游业的发展，…的问题成为了公众注意的焦点。 In this day and age, the burgeoning international tourism has immensely boosted the economic and cultural exchanges between countries the world over. 在当代，快速发展的旅游业促进了世界上不同国家之间的经济与文化交流。 iv. Government 类词汇 Government 18) 当局 authorities 老百姓 citizens/ the citizenry(全体公民，不可数) 规范，管理 regulate/administer/oversee(vts) 实施implement 立法 legislate/make laws 严禁 strictly prohibit/ ban altogether 严格的法律 stringent laws/ legislation 监督 scrutiny(noun)/ scrutinize(vt)/ monitor(vt) 19) 为…拨款 allocate money to something/ subsidize(vt)/ be a patron of / invest in/ finance(vt)/ fund(vt) dedicate money to something 预算budget 税收tax revenue 政府在某方面的开支 the government spending/ expenditure on something 削减curtail 增
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加augment 当务之急 priority 把…当成当务之急 give priority to something. 责任 obligation/ responsibility 20) 军备竞赛 arms race 自卫 self-defense 国土安全 national security/ homeland security 缺乏远见的政策 short-sighted policy 扩张 expansion/ aggression 谋求霸权 seek/ pursue(vts) hegemony 恶性循环 a vicious circle 地区不稳定因素 destabilizing factor 规章制度 rules and regulations 21) 太空竞赛 space race 武器 arms/ weapons/ armaments 下岗工人 lay-off workers/ downsize workers 失业 unemployment/ joblessness 基础设施infrastructure—比如 public transport system 公共交通系统，power grid 电网pipelines 石油和天然气管道 water supply and drainage system 给排水系统等，民主与开放的政府 a democratic and progressive government Government 类模板 How the government can optimize its finite financial resources has long been a controversial issue. 政府如何优化配置有限的财政资源长期以来一直有争议。 There are a multitude of competing claims on the government’s limited budget. 很多需要钱的领域都在争夺政府的有限预算。 Whether the government should allocated money to … has sparked off a spirited controversy. 政府是否应该投资…引起了激烈的争论。 How the government should administer…has long been an issue open to debate. 政府应该如何管理…一直都是有争议的话题。 v. Animals 类词汇 Animals 22) 动物权益保护主义者 animal rights activists 医学研究 medical research 残忍的cruel/ merciless/ inhuman/ callous/ brutal 活体解剖 vivisection 麻醉anaesthetic 减轻动物的痛苦 alleviate/ ease animals’ pain 宠物是主人的伙伴 pets are companions of their masters 给主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and comfort 偷猎 poach(vi,vt)/poaching(noun) 某一种事物是没有替代物的 there are no replacement/substitutes/alternatives(单数则去掉s) for something. Animal 类模板 Animals have been friends or foes of humanity at different times of human history. 在人类历史的不同阶段，动物曾经是人类的朋友或者敌人。 Animals are an integral part of the earth’s ecosystem; therefore, animal welfare has long been an issue of intense debate. 动物是生态系统的一个不可或缺的部分。因此，动物是否生存良好很久以来一直是引起激烈争议的话题。 vi. Language & Culture 必备词汇 23) 一种可以通用的语言（比如英语） a lingua franca /a universal language/ a global language 英语的广泛应用 the proliferation of English 英语的统治地位 the dominant role/ the ascendancy / the hegemony of English 方言 dialect/vernacular/the indigenous language 小语种将会消亡 Lesser-known language will become
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extinct/obsolete 小语种的消亡 the extinction/ demise of lesser-known languages 24) 文化遗产包括有形跟无形两种，有形的入历史遗迹，无形的入风俗，仪式，传统道德观念等 Cultural heritage can be divided into two groups, tangible cultural heritage, such as historic sites and intangible heritage, such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc. 保护 preserve 祖先 forefathers/ ancestors 后代 descendants/posterity(后一个是不可数名词) 少数民族 ethnic minorities 25) 民族团结 the harmony between ethnic group/ race 文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis 相互影响 interaction 文化多元性 cultural diversity 丰富 enrich 狭隘的观念 insular/provincial/parochial mentality 贬低 deprecated/ denigrate/minimize the importance of /disparage/trivialize/discredit 某事不是一成不变的 something is not set/carved in stone Language & Culture 模板 Today the cultural communication between different counties and regions has been intensified. 今天国家和区域间的文化交流越来越密切。 English is, doubtless, the predominant language in today’s world and its ascendancy has aroused heated debate in the academia and general public alike. 英语无疑是今天世界上影响最光的语言而它的绝对有事地位在学术界和普通公众中都引起了激烈的争论。 vii. Development类常用词汇 26) 生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated 疲劳 fatigue 导致人与人的疏远create alienation between people 过于功利的 materialistic/ mercenary/ money-worshipping 追求最大限度利润 pursue maximum profit 交通堵塞 traffic jams/traffic congestions/grid block(最后一个是不可数名词) 阻碍impede/ hinder/ hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts) 扶贫poverty alleviation 就业机会 job opportunity/ employment opportunity 贫穷的needy/ poverty-stricken/ impoverished/ deprived/ destitute/ indigent 富裕的 affluent/ wealthy/ well-off 27) 撞车car wrecks/ car accidents 行人pedestrians 交通肇事者 traffic accident perpetrators 违章横穿马路 jaywalk(可以记忆为：周杰伦走路――不走寻常路――美特斯邦威) 监控摄像头 surveillance cameras 28) 有特殊审美价值的老房子 old buildings of special aesthetic value (注意审美观的英文说法是 aesthetic values 复数) 有历史特殊意义的老房子 buildings of historic significance 民居 vernacular dwellings 让城市更美观 beautify the cities/ better the cityscape 破旧的房子 decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated 拆除tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/ knock down a building 高楼high-rise building 摩天楼skyscrapers 城市化 urbanization 城乡差距the disparity between the city and countryside 城市的 urban 乡村的 rural 搬迁 relocate(vi,vt) 29) 在家上班（动词） telecommute 休闲leisure/recreation 精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment 娱乐 entertainment/diversion 宽松的管理laissez-faire management 运营成本 operating costs/overhead costs 雇用 recruit 会导致效率降低的 counterproductive 劳动力资源 labor pool 抑郁症 depression 失眠 sleeplessness/ sleep-deprivation/insomnia 人口爆炸population explosion/population boom 控制人口 birth control/family planning 爱慕虚荣的 pretentious/ ostentatious 缺少运动的生活方
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式 sedentary lifestyle 营养过剩 over nourishment 发展类模板 The swift changes in …have thrown the issue of … into sharp focus/relief 某方面的快速变革让…成为公众注意的焦点. In present-day society, the tempo/pace of life has accelerated immensely. 在当代，生活的节奏大大的加快了。 In preceding centuries have rendered numerous countries+形容词… 过去的几个世纪的…让很多国家变成了… viii. Environment 类常用词汇 Environment 30) 生态平衡 ecological balance / ecological equilibrium 可持续发展 sustainable development 环保主义者 environmentalists/ conservationists 对环境无害的 environmentally-friendly 节约使用 conserve(vt) 保护preserve 再利用（动词） reuse/recycle 各国必须携手解决环境问题：Countries on this planet must join forces/ make a concerted effort /unite to combat/tackle/resolve/address environmental problems. 增强公众关于…的意识 raise/ elevate the public awareness of something 短缺 shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack 给资源造成很大压力 put a strain on the already stretched resource 破坏自然资源 wreak havoc on natural resources 看法森林 deforestation 污染pollute/ contaminate 有毒的 poisonous/ toxic 31) 增加农产品产量 boost crop yield 可再生资源 renewable resource 不可再生资源 non-renewable resource(包括金属metal, 矿产 minerals, 石油 petroleum, 天然气 natural gas, 煤coal 等，后三种可以总称为fossil fuels) 消耗（某种资源） consume/deplete 用尽 use up/ exhaust 严厉的措施 harsh action/ measures 生态系统 ecosystem/ ecological system 某一地区所有的生物的总称 the wildlife in a region/ the biota(=flora + fauna) of a region 生物多样性 biodiversity 32) 污水effluent/sewage 排放discharge 温室效应 greenhouse effect /global warming 严重的severe /grave 白色污染产生的垃圾 non-biodegradable garbage / wastes that cannot decompose or break down/ inorganic trash 谴责而不是纵容 condemn rather than condone(vts) something 臭氧层ozone layer 肥沃的土壤 fertile soil 贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil 耕地 arable land/ farmland Environment 类模板 The earth’s ecosystem has been deteriorating at a staggering rate. 地球的生态系统正以一种惊人的速度恶化。 In this day and age, the impact man exerts on the environment is massive in scale. 在当代，人类对环境的影响式巨大的。 ix. Globalization 类常用词汇 Globalization 35) (一个国家或者地区的)文化特性（national or regional） cultural identity 全球文化同一化过程（名词，即地区文化特征的消失）global cultural homogenization 文化同一性
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（或者叫文化均质性，名词）cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双刃剑Globalization is a two-edge sword. 地球村 the global village Globalization 类模板 With the vast world gradually shrinking into a small global village, the issue of sweeping globalization has triggered heated debate. 随着巨大的世界逐渐变成了一个很小的地球村，席卷一切的全球化引发了激烈的争论。 x. Family类常用词汇 37) 老年人 elderly people/ senior citizens 家庭成员间的情感纽带 family bonds/ family ties 归属感 a sense of belonging 对…的依恋 an attachment to something/ an affinity for something 贫穷的家庭 deprived families 富裕的家庭 affluent families 单亲家庭 single-parent household 虐待 mistreat/ abuse 家庭暴力 domestic violence 毒品上瘾 addiction to drugs/ be addicted to drugs Families 类模板 It is generally accepted that families are the bedrock of any modern society. 普遍认为，家庭是现代社会的基石。
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3 分词汇=20 分 Topic Education No. Vocabulary 1 2 3 4 parenting schooling cultivate awareness =sense =recognition contribute?to motivation adapt?to afford?sth. prevalent journalist the?press coverage misleading dependable up‐to‐the?minute transform advance a?staggering?rate information?overload enhance innovation technological telecommunications solve=combat=tackle =resolve=address alleviate=ease Invest?in?=allocate money?to authority ban=forbid=prohibit scrutinize administer=regulate tax?revenue obligation broaden?one’s?horizon conflicts promote local?residents local?inhabitants n. n． v. n．家长给小孩的教育学校对学生的教育培养意识?
5 6 7 8 Media 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Technology 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Government 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Tourism 33 34 35 36?
n. a. n. n. a. a. a. v. v.&n. v. n. a. n. v. v. n. v. v. v. n. n. n. v.
推动动力适应。。。提供。。。无处不在的记者新闻界报道（动词是 cover）有误导性的可靠的非常及时的改变=change 发展惊人的速度信息爆炸提高，增强创新，发明科技的远程通讯解决减轻，缓解对。。投资。当局禁止监督管理税收责任开阔人的眼界冲突促进当地居民?
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37 38 Language 39 40 41 42 43 Culture 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Development 51 52 53 54 55 56 57?
mutual?understanding enrich?one’s?experience the?proliferation?of… Plays?a?dominant?role?in… go?extinct lesser‐known?language the?widespread?use?of ancestors descendants time‐honored cultural?heritage cultural?diversity cultural?identity ethnic?minorities the?pace?of =the?tempo?of?life?
n. n. a.
相互了解丰富人的经历。。。的大量扩散（英语、互联网、环境污染等）在。。占统治地位。灭绝小语种。。的广泛使用。祖先后代历史悠久的文化遗产文化多样性文化特性少数民族生活节奏城乡差距质量差的设施（人与人之间）疏远的（人）物质化，现实的现状?
the gap between the urban area?and?the?rural?area inferior facilities alienated materialistic the?present?situation =the?current?situation =the?status?quo affluent impoverish sweeping?trends a. n. a. a.
58 59 60 61 Globalization 62 63 Women 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Family?
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a. a.
富裕的，有钱的贫穷的席卷一切的潮流有机结合东西方文化侵蚀（本土文化）普遍的双刃剑家庭暴力性格平等歧视一个开明的社会家务事被。。所拖累。后代性格冲突家庭的另一种写法?
synthesize the Asian and Western?cultures erode universal a?double‐edged?sword domestic?violence gender?equality discrimination an?enlightened?society household?chores be?tied?down?by offspring personality?clashes household v. a. n. n. n.?
71 72 73?

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74 75 76 Crime 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85?
generation?gap family?bonds harmony crimes=offense =criminal?acts commit?a?crime stringent punishment?
n. n. a. n.?
代沟亲情和谐犯罪犯罪严厉的惩罚犯罪率猖獗的违法的遏制（犯罪、污染等）保护（某种资源，比如 natural resources 或 old?buildings）保护人用 protect 残酷的生物多样性伙伴替代物（比如化妆品实验用动物作替代物而不用人做实验）栖息地濒危动物可持续发展开采自然资源生态系统深远的影响节约=save 如果某种现象自身恶化，就可以说它 deteriorate, 如果某种失误导致别的现象恶化，就用 aggravate?sth. 或者用被动排放（污染物）消耗（资源）有益于环保的短缺?
the crime rate=the incidence of?crime rampant violate?the?law curb preserve a. v. v.?
Animals?
86 87 88 89 90 91 92?
inhumane biodiversity companions replacements=alternatives habitat endangered?species sustainable?development exploit?natural?resources the?ecosystem profound?impact conserve deteriorate aggravate?
a. n. n. n. n. v. v.?
Environment?
93 94 95 96 97?
98 99?
discharge consume=deplete?
v. v. a. n.?
100 eco‐friendly 101 scarcity
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准 5 分词汇=30 分 Education 培养促进学生身心发展心理健康学习能力（先天）学习能力（后天）学校教育家庭教育给学生以动力青少年传授知识灌输高尚的道德观给学生以灵感家长的教育方式教学法适应适应能力学生对老师所教知识的掌握就业技能填鸭式教法教学生学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器死记硬背为了记忆而记忆责任感记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律应用盲从限制创造力的发展打击学生的积极性产生不必要的压力塑造某人的性格把学生分开教育来自其他同学的压力逆境团队精神独立思考在理解的基础上学习鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问
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cultivate=foster=nurture?
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promote the student’s physical, mental (intellectual) and emotional development psychological?soundness?(or?well‐being/welfare) aptitude=talent ability=skill schooling upbringing
give?the?students?motivation?to?do?sth.=?motivate?the?students?to?do sth. adolescents=youngsters=youths Impart?(or?inculcate)?knowledge instill?high?moral?values?(values 复数表示价值观) give?the?students?thought?(or?inspiration) parenting=upbringing teaching?(or?pedagogical)?melthodology adapt?to?sth.=adjust?oneself?to?sth.=become?accustomed?to?sth. adaptability students’?grasp?(or?command)?of?what?has?been?taught employable?(or?marketable)?skills force‐feed?the?students
Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas. learn?things?by?rote memories?for?memorization’s?own?sake a?sense?of?obligation Memories?equations,?formulas,?theorems?and?laws apply follow?sth.?blindly=follow?sth.?indiscriminately entinguish=stifle=constrain?creativity dampen?(or?sap)?the?students’?enthusiasm=frustrate?the?students beget?(or?create)?undue?pressure mould?one’s?character segregate?students peer?pressure adverse?circumstance=adversity team?spirit think?independently learn?things?through?understanding encourage?the?students?to?think?critically

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题学生的反馈学生评价老师的教学各门功课总称具体一门课的内容课外活动学校是社会的缩影不遵守纪律违反纪律的学生理论知识通才专才全面发展的为社会健康发展作贡献人文学科社会科学艺术文科总称理科工科学科（统称）基础学科应用科学小（中、大）学教育职业教育青少年 Technology 尖端的技术信息爆炸信息时代互联网的广泛使用科技创新及发展提高效率减少人力的机器取代人力的机器自动化生物技术克隆远程通讯太空探索人的基因构成 Media 时事?
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students’?feedback=students’?input student?appraise=evaluate?their?teachers’?performance curriculum syllabus extra‐curricular?activities A?school?is?society?in?miniature indiscipline=misbehavior=mischief?(n.) disruptive=unruly?students theoretical?knowledge generalist specialist well‐rounded=versatile contribute?to?societal?well‐being?(or?welfare) humanities social?sciences arts liberal?studies=arts sciences engineering discipline basic?sciences applied?sciences primary‐level?(or?secondary‐level/tertiary‐level)?education vocational?education?(or?training) youths=youngsters=adolescents cutting‐edged?technology information?explosion?(overload) information?age?(or?era) the?proliferation?of?the?Internet technological?innovations?(or?inventions/advances/progressions) augment?(or?enhance/boost)?efficiency labor‐saving?machinery labor‐replacing?machinery automation/automated biotechnology clone/cloning telecommunications space?exploration one’s?genetic?makeup/?one’s?DNA?programming current?affairs?

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新闻界印刷媒体报道新闻的机构电子媒体无处不在的充斥着。。。审查删除过多的暴力和色情内容有误导性的欺骗性的虚假的报道非常详尽的细节媒体炒作夸大事件公正客观的揭露侵犯隐私毁坏某人的名誉狗仔队名人丑闻掩盖不客观的如实的描述可信的及时的信息量大的娱乐性强的有新闻价值的道德准则 Government 当局老百姓规范，管理实施立法严禁严格的法律监督为。。拨款。预算?
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the?press the?print?media news?outlets the?electronic?media prevalent=ubiquitous=pervasive be?awash?with=be?inundate?with=be?saturated?with?sth censor delete=eliminate=excise excessive?(or?gratuitous)?violent?and?pornographic?contents misleading=misrepresented=distorted fraudulent false=bogus report?sth.?in?graphic?detail media?hype exaggerate?things=sensationalize?things=blow?things?out?of?proportions objective?and?balance expose=reveal=recover violate?(or?intrude?on/?infringe?on)?someone’s?privacy tarnish?(or?sully/smear/besmirch)?one’s?reputation paparazzi celebrities/the?celebrity scandals cover?up=?gloss?over=whitewash biased=skewed=unobjective factual?accounts reliable=trustworthy=dependable up‐to‐date=up‐to‐the‐minute informative entertaining newsworthy code?of?ethnics=code?of?conduct authorities citizens=the?citizenry regulate=administer=oversee implement legislate=make?laws strictly?prohibit=ban?altogether stringent?laws?(or?legislation) scrutiny=scrutinize=monitor allocate money to sth. =subsidize=be in=finance=fund=dedicate?money?to?sth. budget a patron?
of=invest

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税收政府开支削减增加当务之急把。。当作当务之急。责任缺乏远见的政策恶性循环地区不稳定因素下岗工人失业基础设施公共交通系统民主与开明的政府 Culture 保护祖先后代民族团结互相影响文化多元性丰富狭隘的观念贬低。。不是一成不变的。 Development 生活节奏加速疲劳导致人与人之间的疏远交通堵塞阻碍扶贫贫穷富裕的有特殊审美价值的老房有特殊历史意义的老房让城市更美观破旧的（房子）高楼城乡差距精神上的享受娱乐?
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tax?revenue the?government?spending?expenditure?on?sth. curtail augment priority give?priority?to?sth. responsibility=obligation short‐sighted?policy a?vicious?circle destabilizing?factors laid‐off?workers=downsized?workers unemployment=joblessness Infrastructure public?transport?system a?democratic?and?progressive?government preserve forefathers=ancestors descendants=posterity the?harmony?between?ethnic?groups?(or?races) interaction cultural?diversity enrich insular?(or?provincial/?parochial)?mentality deprecate=denigrate=minimize?the?importance?of=disparage=discredit Sth.?is?not?set?carved?in?stone. The?tempo/pace?of?life?has?accelerated fatigue create?alienation?between?people traffic?jams=traffic?congestion=gridlock impede=hinder=hamper=obstruct=inhibit poverty?alleviation needy=poverty‐stricken=impoverished=deprived=destitute=indigent affluent=wealthy=well‐off old?buildings?of?special?aesthetic?value buildings?of?historic?significance beautify?the?cities=better?the?cityscape decrepit=rundown=rickety=dilapidated high‐rise?building=skyscrapers the?disparity?between?the?city?and?the?countryside amusement?and?enjoyment entertainment=diversion?

托福写作词汇

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数量词一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of 无数innumerable ; countless 许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample 非常多（大）的tremendous 依序列举list in sequence 时间词过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic 短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived 不合时宜的anachronism 可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time 一再time after time ; again and again 初始的preliminary 前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former 自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages 年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult 老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated 偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times 时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly 永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life 重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities 目前so far ; by far 一次就可完成的事one-time event 正/反意见（opinion）骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove 支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold 谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of 错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect 错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior 做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite 归咎blam e…on ; put the blam e on … ;…is to blame 瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts 支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of 不会犯错的infallible 意见不和clashes of opinion 一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement 不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate 批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of…我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. 我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to 有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive 有意义的meaningful; fulfilling 他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit thi s… 在大家同意下by common consent of… 否定deny; withhold; negate 承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede 于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use 使…受益benefit…; do good t o…; is good for…; is of great benefit t o… 成语及俗语及搭配方式想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking 想出come up with 找出come up with; find out 利用use; take advantage of

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22. glamorous 富有魅力的 23. gorgeous 辉煌的 24. impressive 令人印象深刻的 25. incompatible 不和适宜的 26. indifferent 冷漠的 27. indispensable 不可或缺的 28. inexhaustible 取之不尽的 29. infectious 传染性的 30. influential 有影响力的 31. inhumane 不人道的 32. innocent 多管闲事的, 无辜的 33. instructive 智力的 34. intellectual 智力的 35. interpersonal 人际间的 36. irreparable 不可弥补的 37. luxurious 奢侈的 38. mature 成熟的 39. misleading 误导的 40. misrepresented 不如实叙述的 41. money-oriented 拜金的 42. nourishing 有营养的 43. old-fashioned/out of date 过时的 44. perilous 危险的 45. permissive 宽容的;许可的 46. pornographic 色情的

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十大万能理由词汇 Money： budget， a tight budget， income， revenue， expenditure，financial aid， finance，investment， overdraft, bankrupt， go broken， expensive，extravagant，costly，luxurious，money-consuming，exorbitant，money-oriented， affordable， be short of， burn money，foreign currency，jobless, Laid-off worker，limited public funds， miserable， poverty line，profitable， run out of， shortage，starvation，taxpayer， welfare， slaves of money, M oney is the root of evil, red packets, pocket money, Time: Squeeze/spare time， time-consuming，time-saving, a waste of time and resources, precious, fleeting, limited, critical, decisive, Every second counts Each moment in history is a fleeting time, precious and unique. Delay breed dangers We usually take it for granted and let the time pass by minute by minute Many things we can obtain more than once, but wasted time can never be gained again The value of time exceeds that of money Time is often neglected by men, since time is an visible thing Intellect:

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二. 知识与教育 (一)知识与智能 knowledge，n．知识，学问；认识；知道 knowledge acquisition 知识获取 knowledge hierarchy 知识体系 structure of knowledge 知识结构 comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识 scope of knowledge 知识面 value of knowledge 知识价值 knowledge industry 知识产业 knowledge management 知识管理 the aging of knowledge 知识老化 spread scientific knowledge 传播科学知识 thirst for knowledge 求知欲 Knowledge is infinite．／There is no limit to knowledge．学无止境(学海无涯)。 knowledgeable n．知识渊博的；有见识的 become knowledgable and professional 知识化、专业化 erudition n．博学，博识；学问；知识 erudite a．博学的，有学问的；n．博学之上，有学问的人 learned a．有学问的，博学的；精通某门学科的 a learned man 学者 learning n．知识；学问 book learning 书本知识 a man of great learning 博学之上，学问高深的人 have little learning 学识浅薄 an emergent branch of learning 一门新兴的学问 episteme n．(哲)知识 epistemic n．(哲)(关于)认识的；(关于)知识的 letters n．[用作单或复]文学；学问；文化修养 a man of letters文人 lore n．学问，知识；(有关某一学科的)全部知识 scholarship n．学术成就；学问，学识；奖学金 scholarly a．学者气质的；学者风度的

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教育学校教育schooling 家庭教育upbringing; parenting 课程大纲curriculum 教学大纲syllabus 必修课required/compulsory courses, 选修课elective/optional courses 课外活动extra-curricular activities 社团活动club activities 志愿者服务volunteer service 社区工作community work 实习internship 学生会student union 男生/女生联谊会fraternity & sorority 校园生活school/campus life 学校是社会的缩影a school is society in miniature 文科liberal arts/ liberal studies 理科sciences 工科engineering 人文学科humanities 社会学科social science 艺术arts 学科subject/discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education; elementary education 中学教育secondary-level education 大学教育tertiary-level education; higher education 职业教育vocational education/training 接受教育enter/get access to schools/ education 学位degree (bachelor, master, doctor/PhD) 文凭diploma, 证书certificate 青少年teenagers/adolescents/the young generation/the youths 学生students (fresh man, sophomore, junior, senior) 上课attend classes 逃课skip class, be absent from class 老师/学生为中心的课堂teacher-centered/ student-centered/ classroom 有能力的/有资格的/有经验的/良好培训的老师 competent/qualified/experienced/well-trained teachers 无能力的/不够格的/欠经验的老师 incompetent/disqualified/inexperienced/poorly-trained teachers well-equipped/ well-appointed/ well-decorated classrooms 设施良好的/装修良好的教室先进的教学设施up-to-date teaching facilities

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高级词汇替换 satisfy= gratify (gratified her curiosity) short= fleeting “ fleeting passions of fantasy ” ephemeral ( “ There remain some truths too ephemeral to be captured in the cold pages of a court tran script or . . . opinion ) ” scholarship= fellowship (be admitted to fellowship) an gry= en raged (be en raged at [by] sb.'s con duct , be en raged with sb.) smelly= malodorous (The cellar will n eed to be cleared of several malodorous piles of garbage) ugly= hideous (a hideous face, hideous con duct) attractive= appeali ng (an appeali ng manner) absorb ing (Shell collect ing can be so absorb ing that you don 'no tice the tide coming in ) diverse= miscellaneous ( “ My reading ... had been extremely miscellaneous ) disorder= disarray (The child had disarrayed the books. The troops were in disarray.) chaos (The country desce nds into a econo mic chaos) crazily= fran tically (The little baby kicked fran tically in the cradle) rapid= meteoric (a meteoric rise to fame) ordi nary= mundane (mundane chores, like wash ing dishes) despite= no twithsta nding (The teams played on, no twithsta nding the rain.) best= optimal (n ear optimal, time optimal) sharp= acute ( “ a raw, chilli ng and psychologically acute no vel of huma n passi ons red uced to their deadliest esse nee ) ” un believable= incon ceivable (an incon ceivable victory aga inst all odds.) puzzle= perplex (perplex an issue, perplex a man with questi ons) method= avenue (ave nue to success) famous=

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托福写作当中遇到的词汇分析托福写作当中遇到的词汇分析支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion4 } 有/提供如下理由/证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence 在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice ……必然趋势 an irresistible trend of… 日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition 眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 长远利益 interest in the long run 有其自身的优缺点 has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages 扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones 取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs 对……有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to 交流思想/情感/信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information 跟上……的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of … 采取有效措施来…… take effective measures to do sth…. ……的健康发展 the healthy development of … 有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides… 没有什么事物是完美的 No garden without weeds 对……观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person 重视 attach great importance to… 社会地位

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