典型语言现象解析

典型语言现象解析

一、抽词拆译法

1) The offices are conveniently located in the center of the city.

2) The ancients tried unsuccessfully to explain how a rainbow is formed.

古人曾试图解释彩虹是怎样形成的，但没有成功。

3）The success rate of up to 90% claimed for lie detectors is misleadingly attractive.

据称，测谎器的成功率高达90%，这一点颇有吸引力，但却容易将人引入歧途。

4）But burning too much glucose can dangerously reduce the amount of glucose in the blood.

可是，消耗过多的葡萄糖会减少血液中葡萄糖的含量，这是很危险的。

5）It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.

目前的局势对国际安全造成了威胁，这一论断完全正确。

6）Nonlinear equations indicate that a small force can have unpredictably, either a small or a large effect.

非线性方程表明，一个微弱的力其效果可大可小，但究竟是大是小则无法预测。

二、分词短语作定语实例：

1. Most American cities and towns are filled with restaurants serving international cooking.

2. I have received a letter from my old school, informing me that my former headmaster, Mr. Stuart Page, will be retiring next week.

3. Other scientists of the brain, noting that disease and physical damage can change personally and distort mentally,believe the brain to be nothing more than a fantastically complex computer.

另一些大脑研究的专家注意到疾病和肢体损伤会改变人的秉性，扭曲人的心灵，他们相信，（就功能而言）人脑相当于一台极其复杂的电脑。

W orking harder at English, you will make greater progress.

Feeling very tired, she kept running.

So he went to France, preferring to give up the fortune that one day would come to him, and went to live in England.

Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast sleep, electricity is working for us,driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our room air-conditioned.

三、松散句与掉尾句

松散句loose sentence —end focus (information focus) =end weight

掉尾句periodic sentence—end focus≠end weight

平衡句balanced sentence —no end weight or obvious information focus

A periodic sentence is one in which the main thought is not completed until the very end of the sentence.(emphatic, formal;suspense悬念)掉尾句中，上下文紧密衔接，环环相扣，不到句末，焦点信息不显露。

Bells rang, filling the air with their clangor, startling pigeons into flight.

The sole survivor of the crash was a baby.

And he proved, in a very human way, that there are people who care what happens to their fellow men.

In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.

The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways.

A virus has been sweeping the world for the past decades, causing a disease which has killed millions of people and which looks likely to kill millions more. The virus is called HIV, which damages the immune system and causes a variety of symptoms known as AIDS.First reported in 1981 in the United States, AIDS is a most complicated issue and has become a major worldwide epidemic. Despite all the efforts made worldwide to battle against the disease, AIDS remains a huge global threat.

Unit 5, Book 1, New Horizon English Nearly half of those diagnosed with the virus are blacks and Latinos. Women and youth in rural southern communities now constitute the fastest growing segment of people with AIDS.

The owner hands out AIDS information to all her clients when they enter the shop and shows videos on AIDS prevention while they wait for their hair to dry. She also keeps books and other publications around so customers can read them while waiting for their appointments. It’s amazing how many people she has educated on the job.

As a result, such books actually have more effect in the communities where they are used than government publications, which cost thousands of dollars more to produce.

Whoever wishes to be made well acquainted with the morbid anatomy of governments,whoever wishes to know how great states may be made feeble and wretched, should study the history of Spain. （Thomas Babington Macaulay）

假如有人希望了解政府病态的机体如何形成，假如有人希望知道曾经伟大的国度如何变得虚弱不堪、令人生厌，那么，他就应该读一读西班牙的历史。

Jane Austin:Pride and Prejudice

It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a fortune must be in want of a wife. （periodic sentence）

It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man must be in want of a wife if he is in possession of a fortune. （balanced sentence）

四、长句分析

The difficulties that would have to be encountered by anyone who attempted to explore the Moon—assuming that it was possible to go there—would be incomparably greater than those that have to be faced in the endeavor to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

对于任何试图探索月球（假定到达月球是可能的）的人来说，他们要遇到的困难之大，绝非攀登珠穆朗玛峰所要遇到的困难可以比拟。

Indeed, if we take note of what enabled man to survive against every conceivable hardship and danger, and what allowed him to adjust to the most drastic changes in his environment which finished many species less adaptable than himself, we will see that it was his instinct for cooperation.

的确，如果我们来研究一下究竟是什么使得人类能够抗拒各种各样的艰难险阻而生存下来，又是什么使得人类能够适应周围环境的急剧变化（这些变化已使许多适应性比人差的物种灭绝），那么我们就会发现，这是因为人类具有相互合作的本能。

Too often there is a history of unpleasant experiences with authority; some, because the leaders they were under were unnecessarily harsh; others, like Alexander, out of sheer frustration, have come to view authorities hindrances to their enjoyment or to what they believe best for themselves when, in reality, they have fine leaders and authorities over them.

与领导闹别扭历来是屡见不鲜；对有些下属来讲，是因为他们的顶头上司过分严厉；对其他像亚历山大这样的下属而言, 虽然他们的领导和管理者其实很不错, 但出于纯粹的不满和愤懑, 他们总觉得上司妨碍了他们享受快乐或获得最有益于自己的东西。

If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.

如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备，而且视其为一个标志，显示孩子正在成长、正在发展弥足珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力，那么，他们就不会感到如此伤心，也就不会对此有愤懑和抵制的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。

If you see a rainbow in rainy weather in the evening, this is a sign that the weather will soon be clear and fine.

This opinion poll is a clear signal to the President that the voters do not support his foreign policy.

强调句型

It is only when one is ill that one realizes the value of health.

I t must have been this obvious aimlessness that led to my downfall.

Now winter is more like spring.

—You are telling me. I bet it’s all the pollution and the hole in the ozone layer that’s changing the weather.