外文翻译--开发一个ASP网站所运用的工具

中文3400字

ASP development of a site by the use of tools

1. Dreamweaver

Macromedia Dreamweaver is a professional HTML editor for visually designing and managing web sites and pages. Whether you enjoy the control of hand-coding HTML or prefer to work in a visual editing environment, Dream weaver makes it easy to get started and provides you with helpful tools to enhance your Web design experience.

Dreamweaver includes many coding tools and features: an HTML, CSS, and JavaScript reference, a JavaScript debugger, and code editors (the Code view and Code inspector) that allow you to edit JavaScript, XML technology imports HTML documents without reformatting Macromedia’s Roundtrip HTML technology imports HTML documents without reformatting the code and you can set Dream weaver to clean up and reformat HTML when you want it to .

Dreamweaver’s visual editing features also let you quickly add design and functionality to your pages without writing a line of code. You can view all your site elements or assets and drag them from an easy-to-use panel directly into a document. Streamline your development workflow by creating and editing images in Macromedia Fireworks, then importing them directly into Dream weaver, or by adding Flash objects you create directly in Dreamweaver.

Dreamweaver is fully customizable. Use Dreamweaver to create your own objects and commands, modify keyboard shortcuts, and even write JavaScript code to extend Dreamweaver’s capabilities with new behaviors, property inspectors and site reports.

The Dreamweaver work area

Let’s start with a brief overview of the Dreamweaver work area.

If you haven’t already launch Dreamweaver, double-click the Dream weaver icon to launch it.

The Dreamweaver work area accommodates different styles of working and levels of expertise.

When you launch Dreamweaver, the following work area items open:

The Document window displays the current document as you create and edit it.

The Objects panel contains icons you click to insert objects in you document.

Dreamweaver provides many floating panels, such as the HTML Styles panel and the code inspector which enable you to work with other Dreamweaver elements.

The Launcher bar contains buttons for opening and closing your most frequently used inspectors and panels.

The Property inspector displays properties for the selected object or text, and lets you modify those properties.(Which properties appear in the inspector depend on the object actively selected in the document.)

To open Dreamweaver’s windows, inspectors and panels, use the Win dow menu. A check mark next to an item in the Window menu indicates that the named item is currently open(though it may be hidden behind other windows). To display an item that isn’t currently open, choose the item name from the menu or use its keyboard shortcut.

Working in Dreamweaver

Dreamweaver can display a document in three ways: in Design view, in Code view, and in a split view that shows both the design and code.(To change the view in which you’re working ,select a view in the Dream weaver toolbar.)B y default, Dreamweaver displays the document window in design view.

In addition, you can work with Dreamweaver’s design view in two different ways in layout view and standard view.( You select these views in the view category of the objects panel.) In layout view you can design a page layout. Insert graphics, text, and other media; in standard view, in addition to inserting graphics text and media, you can also insert layers, create frame documents, create tables, and apply other changes to your page-options that aren’t available in layout view.

2.Database

You know that a database is a collection of logically related data elements that maybe structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval needs of organizations and individuals. There’s nothing new about databases-early ones were chiseled in stone, penned on scrolls, and written on index cards. But now databases are

commonly recorded on magnetically media, and computer programs are required to perform the necessary storage and retrieval operations.

You’ll see in the following pages that complex data relationships and linkages maybe found in all but the simplest databases. The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating, accessing, and maintaining database records is called a database management system(DBMS).The programs in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database.(These users may be applications programmers, managers and others with information needs, and various OS programs.)

A DBMS can organize, process, and present selected data elements from the database. This capability enables decision makers to search, probe, and query database contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unpla nned questions that aren’t available in regular reports.

These questions might initially be vague and/or poorly defined, but people can “browse” through the database until they needed information. In short, the DBMS will “manage” the stored data items and assemble the needed items from the common database in response to the queries of those who aren’t programmers. Ina file-oriented system, users needing special information may communicate their needs to programmer, who, when time permits, will write one or more prepare the information.The availability of a DBMS, however, offers users a much faster alternative communications path.

3. SQL AND SQL SERVER

IBM invented a computer language back in the 1970s designed specifically for database queries called SEQUEL; those letters stand for Structured English QUERY for queries, but can also build databases and manage the database engine’s security. Because of this heritage you can pronounce it “sequel” or spell it out “S-Q-L.” There are various versions of SQL used in today’s database engines. Microsoft SQL Server uses a version called Transact-SQL, or T-SQL, which stands for Transaction SQL.

⑴What Is SQL Server?

SQL Server is a client/server relational database management system (RDBMS)that use Transact-SQL to send requests between a client an SQL Server.

⑵Client/Server Architecture

The terms client, server, and client/server can be used to refer to very general concepts or to specific items of hardware or software. At the most general level, a client is any component of a system that requests services or resources from other components of a system. A server is any component of a system that provides services or resources to other components of a system.

For example, when you print a document from your workstation on a network, the workstation is the client and the machine that does the print spooling is the server.

Any client/server data-base system consists of the following components:

The server—A collection of data items and supporting objects organized and presented to facilitate services, such as searching ,sorting , recombining ,retrieving, updating ,and analyzing data.. The database consists of the physical storage of data and the data base services. All data access occurs through the server; the physical data is never accessed directly by the client.

The client—A software program that might be used interactively by a person or that could be an automated process. This includes all software that interacts with the server, either requesting data from or sending data to the database.

The communication between the client and the server---- The communication between the client and the server depends largely on how the client and server are implemented. Both physical and logical layers of communication can be identified.

When you communicate with someone using the telephone, the telephone system is the physical layer and a spoken natural language is the logical layer of communication. For a data-based system, the physical layer can be a network if the server and the client are on different computers. It can be intercrosses communication if the server and the client are on the same computer. The logical communication structure of the physical layer may be low-level operating system calls, a proprietary data access language, or the open structured query language (SQL)

4. IIS

Internet Information Server is the acronym (IIS) is a World Wide Web server. Gopher server and FTP server all inclusive inside. IIS means that you can publish web pages, and

there are ASP (Active Server Pages), JAVA, VBscript generated pages, with some extensions. IIS support some interesting things, like the editorial environment interface (FRONTPAGE), a full-text search function (INDEX SERVER), a multimedia capabilities (NET SHOW)

Secondly, IIS is with Windows NT Server 4.0 to provide the documents and application server, Windows NT Server is built on the basic Internet server components. Windows NT Server and its fully integrated, allowing the use of Windows NT Server built-in security, and the NTFS file system build a powerful and flexible Internet / Intranet site.

IIS (Internet Information Server, Internet Information Services) is a Web (Web) services components, including Web server, FTP server, NNTP server and the SMTP server, were used for web browsing, file transfer, mail and news services and so on It makes the network (including the Internet and LAN) on the release of information has become a very easy matter.

IIS is the abbreviation for Internet Information Server, Microsoft is pushing the main server, the latest version is included Windows2000 inside the IIS 5, IIS and WindowNT Server fully integrated together, so users can use Windows NT Server and NTFS (NT File System , NT file system) built-in security features, building a strong, flexible and secure Internet and Intranet sites.

IIS support HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol, file transfer protocol) and SMTP protocol, through the use of CGI and ISAPI, IIS can be a high degree of expansion.

IIS support has nothing to do with the language of the script preparation and components, through the IIS, developers can develop a new generation of dynamic, full of charm of the Web site. IIS does not require developers to learn new scripting language or compiler applications, IIS full support for VBScript, JScript software development and Java, it also supports the CGI and WinCGI, and the expansion and ISAPI filter.

IIS is designed to establish a set of integrated server services to support HTTP, FTP and SMTP, it can provide quick and integration of existing products, while expansion of the Internet server.

IIS highly relevant, while the consumption of system resources is at least, IIS installation, configuration and management are very simple, it is because IIS and Windows NT Server network operating system closely integrated with the other, IIS also use the Windows NT Server the same as the SAM (Security Accounts Manager, Security Account Manager), the administrators, IIS, such as the use of Performance Monitor and SNMP (Simple Nerwork Management Protocol, SNMP) such as the NT has management tools.

IIS support for ISAPI, ISAPI to expand the use of server functions, and the use of ISAPI filter can be pre-treatment and post-processing stored in the IIS on the data. For 32-bit Windows applications can be extended to the Internet FTP, SMTP and HTTP-placed and easy to use task focus of the interface, the interface will be the use of Internet applications greatly simplified, IIS also supports MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, More for Internet Mail Extensions), it can access the Internet applications provide a simple registration of.

IIS is an important characteristic to support ASP. IIS 3.0 version after the introduction of the ASP, can easily display dynamic content and the development of Web-based applications. For such as VBScript, JScript development of software, or from Visual Basic, Java, Visual C + + development system, and the existing WinCGI CGI scripts and applications developed, IIS provide strong local support.

开发一个ASP网站所运用的工具

1. Dreamweaver

Macromedia Dreamweaver 是为视觉上设计并且管理网络站点和网页的一个专业的HTML编辑器。

不论你是比较喜欢手写代码还是在可视化编辑的环境下工作，Dreamweaver 都向你提供有用的工具让你快速起手或提高你的网络设计经验。

Dreamweaver 包括许多编码工具和特征：HTML CSS 和JA V ASCRIPT 参考，一个JA V ASCRIPT 调试器，和代码编辑器（代码看法和代码查看器）容许你在Dreamweaver中编辑JA V ASCRIPT ，XML 以及其他文本文件。Macromedia 的双程的HTML 技术可以导入HTML而不会重新格式化。而且你如果愿意也可以设置Dreamweaver清理代码或重新格式化HTML。

Dreamweaver 的可视化编辑的土正也让你快速把设计和功能加到你的页面，而不用写一行代码。你能查看所有的你的站点的元素或资源。并且直接从一个容易使用的面版拖拽他们进一个文件。通过在Macromedia Fireworks 中创建并编辑图象来优化你的开发工作流程，然后直接将他们导入Dreamweaver，或假如直接在Dreamweaver创造的Flash对象。

Dreamweaver是可完全自定义的。使用Dreamweaver 来创建你自己的对象和命令，修改快捷键，甚至写入JA V ASCRIPT来扩展Dreamweaver在新的行为、属性面板以及站点报告上的能力。

Dreamweaver工作区域

让我门从Dreamweaver工作区域的简短的概述开始。

如果你已经没安装Dreamweaver，双击Dreamweaver图标安装它。

Dreamweaver工作区域不同工作的方式和用户的水平有不同的界面。当你安装Dreamweaver时，下列工作区域打开：

当你创造并且编辑页面时，文件窗口显示当前的文件

对象面板包含一些图标。你可以点击插入对象到你的文件。

Dreamweaver提供许多浮动的面板，例如HTML式样面板和代码检查器，它使你能够使用另外的Dreamweaver元素。

Launcher 转载器工具条包含打开关闭你的最经常使用的检查器和面板。

属性检查器所选择的物体或文章的性质，并且让你修改那些属性（哪个属性

在检查器出现取决于在文件中选择哪个对象）。

打开Dreamweaver的窗口，检查器和面板，使用窗口菜单。靠着在菜单显示项目有一个勾，表示该项窗口项目在当前打开（尽管它可以被隐蔽在另外的窗户后面）。要打开一个窗口项目，从菜单选择项目名字或使用它的键盘快捷。

使用Dreamweaver

Dreamweaver能在3个方法显示一个文件：在设计视图，在代码视图，实际与代码结合视图，（改变你在其正在工作的视图，在Dreamweaver工作跳选择视图）Dreamweaver缺省是在设计视图显示文件窗口。

另外，你呢功能使用设计试图的两种方法：在标准视图与布局视图。（你在对象面板最下面的视图分类选择这些视图）在布局视图你能设计页面布局，插入图形，正文和另外的煤体。在标准的视图，除了插入图形正文煤体，你能也插入层，创建桢文件，创建表格，并且做其他在布局视图无法做到的改变。

2.数据库

众所周知，数据库是逻辑上相关的数据元的汇集。这些数据元可以按不同的结构组织起来，以满足单位和个人的多种处理和探索的需要。数据库本身不是什么新鲜事—早期的数据库凿在石头上，记在名册上，以及写在索引卡中。而现在，数据库普遍记录在可磁化的介质上，并且需要用计算机程序来执行必需的存储和索引操作。

如下所述，所有数据库（最简单的除外）中都有复杂的数据关系及其链接。处理与创建、访问以及维护数据库记录有关的任务的系统软件包叫做数据库管理系统（DBM）。DBMS软件包中的程序在数据库与其用户间建立接口。（这些用户可以是应用程序员、管理员、及其他需要信息饿人员和各种操作系统程序）。

DBMS可组织、处理和表示从数据库中选出的数据元。该功能使决策者能搜索、探查和查询数据库的内容，对在正规报告中没有的、不在出现的且无法预料的问题做出回答。这些问题最初可能是模糊的并且（或者）是定义不恰当的，但是人们可以浏览数据库直到获得所需的信息。简言之，DBMS将“管理”存储的数据项，并从公共的数据库中汇集所需的数据项以回答非程序员的询问。在面向文件的系统中，需要特定信息的拥护应将他们的要求传送给程序员。该程序员在时间容许时，将编写一个或多哥程序以提取数据和准备信息。然而，DBMS的可用性为拥护提供了一个更快的替代通信通道。

3.SQL和SQL服务器

IBM在20世纪70年代，设计了一种专门处理数据库查询的计算机语言SEQUEL，这几个字母是结构化英语查询语言的缩写。随着时间的推移，它增加了许多功能，就不仅是一个查询语言了，还可以创建数据库，管理数据古引擎的安全。IBM把他公开发行，于是就变成了现在为大家所知的SQL。由于历史的原因SQL和读成sequel，也可以逐字段拼成S-Q-L。在现在的数据库引擎里，已经有了好多种SQL版本。微软SQL server 使用的是T-SQL，它代表的是事务SQL。

⑴什么是SQL Server

SQL Server是一个客户机/服务器关系型数据库管理系统（RDBMS），它使用事务SQL在客户机和SQL服务器之间传送请求。

⑵客户机-服务器体系结构

术语客户机、服务器和客户机-服务器可以是非常广泛的概念或指硬件、软件、。按最一般的概念，客户机是从系统其他部件请求服务或资源的系统的任何部件；服务器是向系统其他部件提供服务或资源的任何部件。

例如，当用户从网络上的工作站打印一个文件时，工作站是客户机，用做假脱机打印的机器是服务器。任何基于数据的客户机、务器系统都是由下列部件组成。

服务器—数据项和支持对象的汇集，其中这些对象是有组织的，并随时准备提交，以便为数据的搜索、分类、重组、检索、更新和分析之类的服务提供便利。数据库由数据的物理存储器和数据库服务组成。所有的数据访问都通过服务器进行，客户一概不呢功能直接访问物理数据。

客户机---一个软件程序，该程序应该由个人交互使用或可能是一个自动进程。其中包括从数据库请求数据，或向数据库送数的与服务器交互作用的所有软件，例如管理实用程序（这些是SQL服务器产品的一部分并且是单独购买的）、特别查询和报告软件、可户应用程序、现货应用程序和基于WEB服务器的应用程序。

客户机和服务器之间的通信—客户机和服务器之间的通信很大程度上取决于客户和服务器是如何实现的。通信的物理层和逻辑层可以被辨认。

当你用电话与某人通信时，电话系统是物理层，所奖的自然语言是通信的逻辑层。对于基于数据的系统，如果服务器和客户在不同的计算机上，则物理层可

以是网络。如果服务器和客户在同一台计算机上，则通信可在进程之间进行。物理层逻辑通信结构可以是低层操作系统调用，一种专用数据访问语言或开放的结构话查询语言（SQL）。

4. IIS

Internet Information Server的缩写为（IIS）是一个World Wide Web server。Gopher server和FTP server全部包容在里面。IIS意味着你能发布网页，并且有ASP（Active Server Pages）、JA V A、VBscript产生页面，有着一些扩展功能。IIS 支持一些有趣的东西，象有编辑环境的界面（FRONTPAGE）、有全文检索功能的（INDEX SERVER）、有多媒体功能的（NET SHOW）

其次,IIS是随Windows NT Server 4.0一起提供的文件和应用程序服务器，是在Windows NT Server上建立Internet服务器的基本组件。它与Windows NT Server完全集成，允许使用Windows NT Server内置的安全性以及NTFS文件系统建立强大灵活的Internet／Intranet站点。

IIS（Internet Information Server，互联网信息服务）是一种Web（网页）服务组件，其中包括Web服务器、FTP服务器、NNTP服务器和SMTP服务器，分别用于网页浏览、文件传输、新闻服务和邮件发送等方面，它使得在网络（包括互联网和局域网）上发布信息成了一件很容易的事。

IIS是Internet Information Server的缩写，它是微软公司主推的服务器，最新的版本是Windows2000里面包含的IIS 5，IIS与WindowNT Server完全集成在一起，因而用户能够利用Windows NT Server和NTFS（NT File System，NT的文件系统）内置的安全特性，建立强大，灵活而安全的Internet和Intranet站点。IIS 支持HTTP（Hypertext Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议），FTP（File Transfer Protocol，文件传输协议）以及SMTP协议，通过使用CGI和ISAPI，IIS可以得到高度的扩展。

IIS支持与语言无关的脚本编写和组件，通过IIS，开发人员就可以开发新一代动态的，富有魅力的Web站点。IIS不需要开发人员学习新的脚本语言或者编译应用程序，IIS完全支持VBScript，JScript开发软件以及Java，它也支持CGI 和WinCGI，以及ISAPI扩展和过滤器。

IIS的设计目的是建立一套集成的服务器服务，用以支持HTTP，FTP和SMTP，它能够提供快速且集成了现有产品，同时可扩展的Internet服务器。

IIS相应性极高，同时系统资源的消耗也是最少，IIS的安装，管理和配置都

相当简单，这是因为IIS与Windows NT Server网络操作系统紧密的集成在一起，另外，IIS还使用与Windows NT Server相同的SAM（Security Accounts Manager，安全性账号管理器），对于管理员来说，IIS使用诸如Performance Monitor和SNMP （Simple Nerwork Management Protocol，简单网络管理协议）之类的NT已有管理工具。

IIS支持ISAPI，使用ISAPI可以扩展服务器功能，而使用ISAPI过滤器可以预先处理和事后处理储存在IIS上的数据。用于32位Windows应用程序的Internet扩展可以把FTP，SMTP和HTTP协议置于容易使用且任务集中的界面中，这些界面将Internet应用程序的使用大大简化，IIS也支持MIME（Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions，多用于Internet邮件扩展），它可以为Internet应用程序的访问提供一个简单的注册项。

IIS的一个重要特性是支持ASP。IIS 3.0版本以后引的ASP，可以很容易的张贴动态内容和开发基于Web的应用程序。对于诸如VBScript，JScript开发软件，或者由Visual Basic，Java，Visual C++开发系统，以及现有的CGI和WinCGI 脚本开发的应用程序，IIS都提供强大的本地支持。