宾语从句直接引语和间接引语

宾语从句直接引语和间接引语
宾语从句直接引语和间接引语

宾语从句

1.宾语从句的概念:在复合句中,充当宾语的是个句子,或者说句子作宾语。

2.位置:动宾,介宾

3.句子结构:主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句

宾语从句的引导词:

一、当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

例:1.LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

2.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.

二、在主句为动词be加某些形容词,如sorry,sure,afraid,glad……作表语时(be+a.看作是一个动词词组),后面所跟从句也是宾语从句。

例:1.I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.

2.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.

注:that在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略。

三、当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),if/whether 虽然不作成分,但是译为:“是否”,所以不能省略。

例:1.Lilywantedtoknow(if/whether)hergrandmalikedthehandbag.

2.Let’ssee(if/whether)wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.

注:1.当句中有or或者ornot时,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.

2.在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.

3.在动词不定式前,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.

四、当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接副词(when,where,why,how,howmany,howold,howlong,……,)引导,每个连接词在从句中都担任一定的句子成分,意思各不相同,所以不可以省略。

例:1.Doyouknow what hesaidjustnow

2.Idon’tremember when wearrived.

3.Pleasetellme who(whom)wehavetosee.

4.Doyouknow whattime theplaneleaves

五、带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句。

例:1.Couldyoutellus howlong themeetingwilllast

2.Idon’tknow howfar itistothecinema.

宾语从句的时态

一、如果主句是现在或将来的某个时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

二、如果主句是过去的某个时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时……)

例:1.Iknewwholivedhere.

2.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.

三、当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。

例:Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序用陈述语序:连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

对比,加深印象:

1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary

Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.(√)Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.(×)

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy

Idon’tknowwhat hewantstobuy.(√)

Idon’tknowwhat doeshewanttobuy.(×)

注意事项:1.could/would是委婉语气,而不是过去式,因此宾语从句的时

态根据实际情况用不同时态。2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时,连词一定用that。3.如果从句中含有or 或ornot时,只能用whether而不用if。直接引语与间接引语

1.直接引语:直接引用别人的原话.直接引语的前后必须加引号。

2.间接引语:间接转述别人的话。间接引语前后不加引号。(间接引语构成宾语从句)

直接引语变间接引语可分为四大类:

一、直接引语为陈述句

二、直接引语为一般疑问句

三、直接引语为特殊疑问句

四、直接引语为祈使句

直接引语是陈述句

直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say,也可用tell来代替,注意,可以说saythat,tellsb.that,但不可直接说tellthat。

例:Heoftensays,“Chinaisgreat.”→Heoftensays(that)Chinaisg reat.

直接引语是一般疑问句:

间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask,语序一定变为陈述语序。

例:1.Hesaid,“Doyouhave anydifficultywithpronunciation”

2.Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.

注意:大多数情况下,if,whether可以互换,但句中出现or(not),或放在介词后作连接词,只用whether。

直接引语是特殊疑问句:

原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达。语序一定改为陈述句语序。

例:1.Hesaidtome,“What'syourname”

2.Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.

直接引语是祈使句,用:tell/order/ask/warn…sb.todosth.

祈使句的否定形式,用:tell/order/ask/warn…sb.nottodosth.

例:1.Hesaid,“Pleasecomeheretomorrow.”

2.Heaskedmetogotherethenextday.

直接引语变间接引语:人称根据语境变化

例:1.Hesaid,“Mybrotherfailedintheexam.”

Hesaid_his___brotherhadfailedintheexam.

2.HesaidtoMary,“Howisyourmothernow”

HeaskedMaryhow_her____motherwasthen.

3.Myteachersaid,‘‘sheisagoodstudent.’’

Myteachersaid_she___wasagoodstudent.

时态的变化

1.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时,直接引语变成间接引语时,从句的时态无需变化。

2.如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变成间接引语时,从句的时态要做出相应的改变,如下所示:

一般现在时一般过去时

一般过去时过去完成时

一般将来时过去将来时

现在进行时过去进行时

过去进行时过去完成进行时

将来进行时过去将来进行时

现在完成时过去完成时

过去完成时过去完成时

将来完成时过去将来完成时

现在完成进行时过去完成进行时

过去完成进行时过去完成进行时

将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时

例:1.“I amill today.”saidmymother.

Mymothersaidthatshewasillthatday.

注意:直接引语转为间接引语时,下列情况下时态不变:1. 直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时,变间接引语时时态不变.2. 当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间时,谓语动词时态不需改变.

1.直接引语中的指示代词转换规则:this变为that;these变为those.本来就是

that/those则不变。

2.直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go.

3.直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there.

总结:

【初中英语】宾语从句知识点(大全)(1)

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间接引语详解

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A 重庆戴氏高考?中考学校(白帝城校区)主讲人:李老师 英语语法复习 直接引语变间接引语语法讲解 一、人称 人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”。 一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化,如: She said. My“ brother wan ts to go with me. ” f She saidher brother wan ted to go with her. 二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称, 或被第二人你”所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称,如: He said to Kate,"How is your sister now?" f He asked Kate howher sister was the n. 第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化,如:Mr. Smith said,Jack is a good worker. ” f Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker. 、时态 直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致,也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时,主句要向后退一格时态,变成一种过去时。 1.She said. haVe lost a pen. ” f She said s h ad lost a pen. (现在完成g过去完成) 2.She said. hop e so. ” f She said thhyped so. (一般现在g —般过去) 3.She said, wHle go to see his friend ” f She said hewould go to see his friend. 一般将来 f 过去将来) 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不 变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。如:“The^arth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth ” , the teacher told me. f The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如: Jack said, “Jw h n^re were you going when I met you in the street? f Jack asked Johnwhere he was going whe n he met him in the street. ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:Xiao Wang said, “was born on April 20, 1980. ” f Xiao Wan g said hewas born on April 20, 1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接弓I 语,时态不变。如:He said, “I get up at six every morningf He said he gets up at six every morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to,had

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