非谓语动词高考考点梳理
非谓语动词高考考点梳理
通过对2000-2006高考题单项填空题统计分析，发现近7年考查非谓语动词用法的题目118题。通过梳理高考考点并结合教学实际，笔者总结为10个考点，涉及非谓语动词的语法功能、时态和语态及否定用法、非谓语动词的特殊用法三个方面。
非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式,包括动词不定式、动词的ing形式和动词的ed形式。它不受人称和数的限制，但有时态和语态的变化，主动被动之分。在选择时，要注意逻辑上的一致原则，即：非谓语动词的主语和主句句子的主语是否一致。如不一致则需要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语构成独立结构。
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”。他没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
动词的ed形式，可以在句中做表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。
动词的ing形式，可以在句中做主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语。
考点一、非谓语动词作定语
1．动词的ed形式作定语
【高考衔接】
(06山东卷29) Five people won the “China’s Green Figure”award, a title ____ to
ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given
B. is given
C. given
D. was given
解析：动词give与所修饰词title之间关系是被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语，选C。
小结：动词的ed形式作定语时，通常与先行词之间是被动关系，表示已完成的动作。2．动词的ing形式作定语
【高考衔接】
(06湖南卷21) The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert.
A. covering
B. covered
C. cover
D. to cover
解析：cover与a soft orange blanket之间关系是主动进行关系，所以选A。
小结：动词的ing形式作定语时，通常表示与先行词之间是主动关系，表示正在进行的动作和存在的状态。
3．动词不定式作定语
【高考衔接】
(06四川卷26) The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ________ in Beijing
in 2008.
A. hold
B. holding
C. held
D. to be held
解析：to be held，不定式作定语一般表示将要发生的事情，做the 29th Olympic Games的后置定语。Hold与它修饰的词the 29th Olympic Games是被动关系，选D。
小结：不定式做定语一般表示将要发生的动作。
【解题指导】
动词的ed形式作定语表示和它所修饰的词之间关系是“被动、完成”的关系，动词的ing 形式作定语表示和它所修饰的词之间关系是“主动、进行”关系。
动词的ing形式做定语还表示用途和目的，如the reading room 。动词不定式作定语表示将来要发生的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。如：①He was the best man to do the job. ②She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the
Olympic Games.
考点二、非谓语动词作状语
1．动词的ed形式作状语
【高考衔接】
(06四川卷33). ________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on
time.
A. Faced
B. Face
C. Facing
D. To face
解析：动词face与主句的主语we之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，但两者之间是被动关系所以选A。
2．动词的ing形式作状语
【高考衔接】
(06全国卷2)17. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,
_______ that all children like these things.
A. thinking
B. think
C. to think
D. thought
解析：think与主句的主语之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，且两者之间是主动关系所以A。动词的ing形式，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等状语。
3、动词不定式作状语
【高考衔接】
(06上海春38). ______ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow
them to have a coffee break.
A. Improving
B. To improve
C. Having improved
D. Improved
解析：不定式做目的状语，表示将来达到的目的，所以选B。
4．非谓语动词做评注性状语
（06福建达标）---- what happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night ?
----I lost my way in complete darkness and , ______ things worse , it began to pour.
A. making
B. to make
C. having made
D.made
解析：动词不定式“to make things worse”做评注性状语，不定式评注性状语修饰整个句子，选B。
（06海淀期中）The car burns more fuel , but ______ all things into consideration , it’s still a good car.
A. taken
B.having taken
C. taking
D.to take
解析：“taking all things into consideration”做评注性状语，动词ing形式做评注性状语表示说话人的态度。
【解题指导】
非谓语动词作状语主要分析它与主句中主语之间的关系是主动还是被动，主动用动词ing 形式，被动用动词ed形式。表示将来的目的和状态时用动词不定式。
可做评注性状语的有：不定式To tell the truth, to be honest等；动词ing形式generally speaking, judging from what he said , considering等。
考点三、非谓语动词作主语和表语
【高考衔接】
(05北京卷) It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had
B. Having had
C. Have
D. Having
解析：“Having the answers ready”做主语，选D。
(06浙江卷) It remains ________ whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. to see
解析：非谓语动词作表语表示将来和被动，选B。
小结：非谓语动词作主语和表语近几年来考查的较少，在此不再赘述。
考点四、非谓语动词作宾语
1．动词的ing形式做宾语和不定式做宾语
【高考衔接】
(06北京卷35). I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses
_______ talking while she works.
A. working ; stopping
B. to work ; stopping
C. working ; to stop
D.to work ; to stop
解析：stand dong sth （忍受做某事）, refuse to do sth （拒绝做某时）,所以选C。
小结：①只能接动词的ing形式作宾语动词及词组有admit , avoid ,appreciate , consider , delay , dislike ,enjoy ,escape ,finish ,fancy ,feel like, give up , can’t help ,Mind , mean（意味着）, miss ,postpone , practice , put off等。
②只能接不定式作动词有: afford , agree ,decide ,desire ,expect ,fail , hope , manage ,promise , pretend ,plan , intend , refuse, wish 等。
2．动词的ing形式作宾语与动词不定式作宾语的比较
【高考衔接】
(06湖南卷)28.If you think that treating a woman well means always _____ her
permission for things, think again.
A. gets
B. got
C. to get
D. getting
（06名校联考）There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means ____ trouble.
A. making
B. to make
C.to have made
D.having made
解析：答案：D ；B。mean doing sth 意味着做某事，mean to do sth打算做某事。
小结：remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop等词后接不定式和动名词做宾语时，意思不同。
考点五、非谓语动词作宾补
1．不定式作宾补
【高考衔接】
（04北京）My advisor encouraged______ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A for me taking
B me taking
C for me to take
D me to take
小结：有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除tell 外，常见的还有：advise，allow，cause consider，encourage，forbid，force，intend，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require urge ，warn ，ask ，wish ，want等。特别注意：hope, agree, demand, suggest 等没有宾补。2．分词做宾补
【高考衔接】
（04天津）Don’t leave the water______ while you brush your teeth. (B)
A run
B running
C being run
D to run
(06上海春，39.) In the dream Peter saw himself ___ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
A. chased
B. to be chased
C. be chased
D. having been chased
（05天津卷）You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______ often enough.
(D)
A. explaining
B. to explain
C. explain
D. explained
解析：考查动词ing形式和动词ed形式做宾补。答案B; C; D。
考点六、动词ing形式的时态语态
【高考衔接】
（05湖北卷）______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A．Being separated B．Having separated C．Having been separated D.To be separated
小结：考查动词ing形式的完成被动式，用“having+been+过去分词”表示，它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，与主句主语关系为被动关系在句中表示时间和原因，选C。考点七、不定式的时态语态
【高考衔接】
(06广东卷30.) ______this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.
A. Having made
B. Make
C. To make
D. Making
(06陕西卷18.) He hurried to the booking office only ________ that all the tickets
had been sold out.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
(06山东卷33).Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since
the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing
B. have got lost
C. be missing
D. get lost
小结：答案：C；B；A。当不定式与自己的逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，用主动语态，如果是被动关系则用被动语态。不定式的一般式表示将要发生的动作或状态。不定式的进行式表示不定式动作正在进行之中，不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作已完成或发生在句子的谓语动词之前。
3．不定式的主动形式表被动意义
【高考衔接】
(06安徽省35) Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he
was not the one ．
A．blamed B．blaming C．to blame D．to be blamed．
（04上海春季）I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ?
A. to be buying
B. to buy
C. for buying
D. bought
解析：答案：C；B 。解析：以下情况不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1个别动词用“be+不定式”表示将来和应该时：I think Tom is to blame .
The house is to let.这房子要出租。
2．不定式放在形容词之后时：①This question is difficult to answer. ②This kind of chicken is nice to eat.
考点八、非谓语动词否定形式
【高考衔接】
（04广东）______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A.Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
解析：考查非谓语作状语的否定形式，选C 。
（31）（04上海春季）Victor apologized for __________ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able
B. him not to be able
C. his not being able
D. him to be not able
解析：考查分词作宾语的否定形式，选C 。
（34）（03北京）The teacher asked us ______________ so much noise.
A. don’t make
B. not make
C. not making
D. not to make
解析：考查分词作宾语补足语的否定形式，选D 。
考点九、非谓语动词的独立结构
独立主格结构＝逻辑主语＋逻辑谓语。独立主格的名词或代词作为逻辑主语，非谓语动词做逻辑谓语构成。
在选择非谓语动词时，要注意逻辑上的一致原则，即：非谓语动词的主语和句子的主语是否一致。如不一致则需要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语构成独立主格结构。独立主格结构主要起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句。
1．分词的独立结构
【高考衔接】
(上海1986) ，They will go and visit the Zoo.(上海1986)
A.weather permitting
B.Weather permitted
C.Weather being permitted
D.Weather having permitted
解析：permit有自己的逻辑主语weather，与主句的主语They不一致。逻辑主语weather 与逻辑谓语permit之间是主动关系。相当于If weather permits, they will go and visit the zoo.看另一例子：His homework finished , Jim went to bed to sleep. 逻辑主语His homework 与逻辑谓语finish之间是被动关系。
2．介词With引导的独立主格结构
【高考衔接】
(05北京卷) I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
解析：“with all that noise going on”构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。A “with＋名词＋宾补”的复合结构，是主动意义，故选A. going on.
(02 上海春季) With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a
hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
解析：With+名词或代词+不定式，构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用settled 表示已经解决了的问题；用being settled表示正在被解决的问题；用to be settled 表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的to settle 是用来作定语修饰前面的problems。
小结：与非谓语动词有关的With 结构有三种：With+名词或代词+现在分词；With+名词或代词+过去分词；With+名词或代词+不定式。例如：
①With you siting here, I can’t do my homework.
②With the problem settled , we all felt happy.
③With the teacher to help me ,we will complete the task soon.
考点十、“疑问词+不定式”结构
（02全国）. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.
Ａ．it what to do withＢ．what to do it with
Ｃ．what to do with itＤ．to do what with it
（02全国）The mother didn't know _________ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
Ａ．whoＢ．whenＣ．howＤ．What
小结：答案：Ｃ；A 。“疑问词+不定式”结构,在句中起名词性作用可充当主语、宾语和表语。跟踪练习：
高三英语复习 非谓语动词考点总结归纳讲义
非谓语动词考点总结归纳 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
考点一：非谓语作主语。 1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况. eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art. 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等） It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等) 2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等 eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)一些名词作表语 eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way 动名词做主语时常用的句型有： It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this. /It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this. There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页 补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词 1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt. 2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English. 3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story. 2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
(完整word版)2018高考英语非谓语动词专项讲解练习
第五章非谓语动词 【非谓语动词作状语】 一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则 不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语. 二.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成"in order to do"或"so as to do"结构."in order to do"结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;"so as to do"结构只能放在句中. Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her. Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forge t it. 2.不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等. I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I'm too tired to stay up longer. 备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是"太....而不能..."之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等. I'm only too glad to have passed the exam. 3.不定式作原因状语 形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 4.在"主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do"结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等. This question is easy to answer. This book is difficult to understand. 三.分词作状语 1.分词作状语时其形式的选择 2.分词作状语的句法功能 分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果，条件,让步，行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与 while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用. When offered help,one often says"Thank you"or "It's kind of you".(时间) Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other
高考英语总复习非谓语动词专项讲解及练习
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（英语）高考英语总复习--非谓语动词及解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（2018·北京）Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A．used B．to use C．using D．use 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。 点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。 2．Don't turn a deaf ear to the advice which will make a ________to your future. A．mess B．difference C．fuss D．remark 【答案】B 【解析】 不要对能够对你未来产生影响的建议掩耳不闻。make a different to对什么有影响，是固定短语，所以选B。 3．New York is the fashion capital of the world, says a new study on Feb 4. 2014 by the Global Language Monitor (GLM), Pairs ____ second, with Shanghai ______10th while Hongkong 20th. A．coming, ranks B．come, ranked C．comes, ranking D．coming, ranking 【答案】D 【解析】D考查非谓语动词。句意：2月4日的一项新研究表明，纽约是世界的时尚之 都。2014年全球语言监测机构(GLM)排名第二，上海排名第10，香港排名第20。Come和Pair是主动关系用动词ing形式，rank与Shanghai是主动关系，用动词ing形式，故选D。 4．What will you do if the people ______ at the back of the hall have trouble hearing the speech? A．sitting B．sit C．sat D．to sit 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果坐在大厅后排的人们听不清演讲你该怎么办？根据题干中谓语动词have trouble doing判断出前面填非谓语结构，“人们”和“坐”是主动关系， 故选A。 5．Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A．found B．finding C．having found D．to find
经典易错题会诊(非谓语动词) 含答案
经典易错题会诊（非谓语动词） 1.(典型例题)I think you’ll grow him when you know him better. A. liking B.to be like C.to like D.to be liking 2.( 典型例题)The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A.to smell B. smelling C. smelt D.to be smelt 3.( 典型例题) Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents. A. worried B.to worry C. worrying D. worry 4 —I’l l thank you __ my affairs alone. —I will. It is none of my business. A. to have left B. for leaving C. to leave D. for having left 5. (典型例题)_____in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 6.(典型例题) I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 7.(典型例题) The news reporters hurried to the airport, only __ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 8. There is no doubt that hiking is good for the retired couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. seen 9. —I regret you John has been fired. —I can hardly believe my ears. He is such a fine worker A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told 10. —Manager, do you have something __ at this moment? —No, thanks. I’ll call you if any. A. to be typed B. to type C. typing D. typed 11.(典型例题庆)—What should I do with this passage? —___ to the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out 12.(典型例题) When asked by the police, he said that he remember _____at the party, but not __ A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave 13.(典型例题)Having been in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ___the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing 14.(典型例题春招)He looked around and caught a man_____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 15. I lost my way in complete darkness and, __ matters worse, it began to rain. A. made B. having made C. making D. to make 16. The result was not made until last Sunday. A. to know B. knowing C. known D. to be known 17. When he got off the bus, he found his pocket _____. A. stolen B. picked C. gone D. missing 18. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time 19.(典型例题徽) I really can’t understand __ her like that.
高考非谓语动词考点语法填空专项练习100题(1)
根据所给句子的意思用所给词的适当形式填空（每空最多填3词） 1. Knowing （know）basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. 2. Anyone, once tested (test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. 3. Founded (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. 4. I got to the office earlier that day, having caught ( catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington 5. ----They might just have a place left （leave）on the writing course. -----why don't you give it a try? 6. The sunlight is white and blinding, throwing (throw) hard-edged shadows on the ground. 7. Lionel Messi, having set (set) the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. 8. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced ( reduce ) to ruins, the city took on a new look. 9. Volunteering gives you a chance to change (change) lives, including your own． 10. Finding (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level． 11. When we saw the road blocked (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home． 12. The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bathe ) the mountain in golden light. 13. You cannot accept an opinion offered (offer) to you unless it is based on facts. 14. Every day read (read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. 15. To stay （stay）warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. 16. If asked (ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. 17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing (stand) in one corner. 18. I stopped the car to take (take) a short break as I was feeling tired. 19. Having eaten (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again. 20. Not knowing (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. 21. The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 22. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used (use) in daily conversations. 23. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I till asleep. 24. The engine just won't start. Something seems to have gone (go) wrong with it. 25. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting (wait) for her.