定语从句1
定语从句
一、概念
定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
二、定语从句“三要素”
1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词（①指人的先行词、②指物的先行词）
★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test,which surprises all of us.(which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词
2.关系词:引导定语的词
(1)关系词的作用
①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）
②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）
③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）
(2)关系词的分类
①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类
②关系代词：在从句中做主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）
③关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)
3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子
三、定语从句的分类
1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.
2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) Beijing,which is the capital of China,is a beautiful city with a long history.
比较:He has two sons,who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)
He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)
四、定语从句的10个难点
1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语
She is the girl(whom/that)I loved before.(可以省略whom/that)
(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语
He is no longer the boy(that)he used to be.(可以省略that)
(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略
Housing price is a problem(that/which)people are interested in.
比较：Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）
2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)
(1)用that的情况
①以疑问词who开头的句子中
Who is the man that is shouting there?
②关系代词在从句中作表语时
She is not the girl that she used to be.
③先行词被the very,the right,the only修饰
This is the very person that we are looking for.
(2)用who的情况
①先行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等
Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用who
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
③在there be结构中
There are many young men who are against him.
④在非限定性定语从句当中
Tom,who is my best friend,has gone abroad to study.
3.先行词是物(that/which的区别)
(1)用which的情况
①在非限定性定语从句中
She lost the game,which depressed her greatly.
②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语
The pen with which you write is Jack’s.
③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.
(2)用that的情况
①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,no one等She did all that she could to help us.
②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,the only,he very,the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.
③先行词中既有人又有物时
She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best book that I have ever read.
This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.
⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用that
He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
4.As引导定语从句用法
(1)As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。常用于以下句型当中
★Such/so…..as….像…..一样the same….as…和…...同样的
A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.
He is not the same man as he was.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。
As I remember,there were a net bar here.
Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,as is known to all.
★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别
This is the same bike that I lost yesterday.(同一事物)
This is the same bike as I lost yesterday.（同类事物）
5.关系副词的运用
(1)When在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time,day等
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.（when=on which）
(2)Where在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place,spot等
Can you tell me the office where he works?(where=in which)
(3)Why在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.
I don’t want to listen to any reason why you were absent.(why=for which)
★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词
★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation,position(位置),stage(阶段)，point（地步）等
What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?
在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。（此时where=in which）
6.几个特殊的先行词
(1)way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/in which/不填
The way in which/that/不填he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.
比较:The way which/that/不填he told to us was quite simple.
★way在定语中作tell的宾语
(2)先行词time
time表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句
This is the first time that the president has visited the country.
time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when
This was the time when there were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets
★此时when=during which在..期间
(3)先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式why/for which/that/不填
This is the reason why/for which/that/不填he can not come here.
比较：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语
7.介词+关系代词
★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which（指物）介词+whom（指人）
★该结构介词的选用原则：
(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配
This is the book on which I spent$8.
This is the book for which I paid$8.
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯
I remember the days during which I lived there.
I remember the day on which I graduated from university.
(3)根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.
(4)英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。
Here is the money with which to buy the piano.
She is the right person on whom to depend
注意：
①如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略
The person(whom/who/that)you will write to is Todd.
②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如look for/after;take care of;send for;hear from/of/about deal with等
This is the baby that you will look after.
8.定语从句的主谓一致
(1)当先行词是one of+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.
(2)当先行词是the only+one of+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
(3)先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
Great changes have taken place in China,as is known to all.
He has passed the driving test,which surprises all of us.
9.定语从句的转化
定语从句可以转换为–ing或-ed形式
The girl(who is)dancing now just returned from Taiwan.
I love the stories(which were)written by Hemingway.
The man(who stands)standing there is my friend.
10.定语从句的解题方法
(1)判断从句是否为定语从句（先行词，关系词，定语从句）
(2)准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词
注意：
①关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。
当先行词是人：whose=the+名词+of whom
当先行词是物：whose=the+名词+of which
Do you know the boy whose parents/the parents of whom are on holiday?
I’d like a room whose window/the window of which faces the sea.
②That引导定语从句，名词性从句和强调句型的区别:
定语从句中的that:关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。
名词性从句中的that:从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。
强调句中的that,运用于it is/was…that..结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。比较：
This is the book that I am looking for.
(that引导定语从句)
It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years.
(that和前面的it is构成强调句型)
The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us.
(that引导名词性从句--同位语从句)
That he will come to the conference has excited all of us.
(that引导名词性从句--主语从句)
We all expect that they win,for members of their team are stronger. (that引导名词性从句--宾语从句)
The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself. (that引导名词性从句--表语从句)
五、定语从句专项练习
(一)把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1.The fan is on the desk.You want it.
2.The man is in the next room.He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
3.The magazine is mine.He has taken it away.
4.The students will not pass the exam.They don’t study hard.
5.The woman is our geography teacher.You saw her in the park.
6.The letter is from my sister.I received it yesterday.
7.The play was wonderful.We saw it last night.
8.The train was late.It was going to Nanning.
9.The boy is my brother.He was here a minute ago.
10.The tree is quite tall.He is climbing it.
11.Here is the girl.Her brother works in this shop.
12.That’s the child.We were looking at his drawing just now.
13.This is the boy.His sister is a famous singer.
14.I want to talk to the boys.Their homework haven’t been handed in.
15.Is that the woman?Her daughter is in my class.
16.He used to live in a big house.In front of it grew many banana trees.
17.They passed a factory.At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
18.The soldier ran to the building.On the top of it flew a flag.
19.In the evening they arrived at a hill.At the foot of the hill there was a temple.
20.She came into a big room.In the middle of it stood a large table.
(二)根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:
1.The person________________I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.
2.The pencil________________he was writing broke.
3.Wu Dong,________________I went to the concert,enjoyed it very much.
4.The two things________________Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.
5.Her bag,________________she put all her books,has not been found.
6.The stories about the Long March,________________this is one example,are well written.
答案(一)
1.The fan that you want is on the desk.
2.The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room.
3.The magazine which he has taken away is mine.
4.The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam.
5.The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher.
6.The letter I received yesterday is from my sister.
7.The play that we saw last night was wonderful.
8.The train which was going to Nanning was late.
9.The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother.
10.The tree he is climbing is quite tall.
11.Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop.
12.That’s the child whose drawing we were looking at just now.
13.This is the boy whose sister is a favous singer.
14.I want to talk to the boy whose homework hasn’t been handed in.
15.Is that the woman whose daughter is in my class?
16.He used to live in a big house,in front of which grew many banana trees.
17.They passed a factory,at the back of which there were rice fields.
18.The soldier ran to the building,on the top of which flew a flag.
19.In the evening they arrived at a hill,at the foot of which there was a temple.
20.She came into a big room,in the middle of which stood a large table.
答案(二)
1.to whom;
2.with which;
3.with whom;
4.about which;
5.in which;
6.of which
定语从句翻译技巧精编版
定语从句翻译技巧公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
定语从句翻译技巧 在英语中, 定语从句很常见, 翻译时如不进行仔细分析就会出现误译。通过实例对定语从句的翻译技巧做一探讨, 并将这些翻译技巧赋予理论概念, 即定语从句定语化, 定语从句谓语化, 定语从句状语化。在把汉语翻译成带有定语从句的英语时，中国学生常常会受到母语的影响会出现误译。因此我们要对比英汉两种语言，以便避免汉语的负迁移。 一英译汉时定语从句翻译中的易错点 英语中的定语从句是在句中起形容词作用的结构, 通常分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。进行英译汉翻译时如不进行仔细分析，就会造成误译。比如，下面两个句子仅有一个逗号之差，含义却不同： His brother who is a soldier is eighteen years old now. His brother, who is a soldier, is eighteen years old now. 第一句应译为：他那个当兵的哥哥今年十八岁了。（含义为：他不止一个哥哥。句中的限制性定语从句起到限定的作用。） 第二句应译为：他的哥哥今年十八岁了，他在当兵。（含义为：他只有一个哥哥。句中的非限制性定语从句起到补充说明的作用。） 定语从句在英语中大量出现, 它有长有短, 结构有简有繁, 对先行词的限制有强有弱, 定语从句有时起着补充说明和分层叙述的作用, 或在逻辑上表示原因、目的、条件, 让步和结果等意义。在语序上, 英文定语从句置于先行词之后.。所以汉译时必须正确体会原文的逻辑概念, 合理安排译文的语序。 二英译汉时定语从句的翻译方法 英语定语从句虽然种类繁多, 变化复杂, 但一般均可以用以下三种方法翻译。
M1U1 定语从句之关系代词(学生版)
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牛津高中英语 模块一 unit1 school life短语+知识点综合讲练
M1 Unit 1School life I.短语总结 1.be happy/satisfied with 对…满意；因为…开心 2.attend (an) assembly 参加集会 3.earn respect from sb. 赢得某人的尊重 earn a living by 靠...生活 4. have/ show respect for 对...尊敬的 5. devote oneself to doing sth投入于做某事 6. get /be interested in 对…产生兴趣 7. make a speech about 做关于…的演讲 8. miss a chance to do sth. 失去做某事的机会 9. leave out 省略，遗漏 10. regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事 regret doing/having done sth. 后悔做过某事 11. inform sb.of/about sth./inform sb.that… 通知某人某事 12. run a company/a school 管理公司/ 学校 13. require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事 14. On/upon finishing his studies 学习一结束 15. for free/for nothing/free of charge 免费 16. all year round 一年到头 17. show respect for sb. 尊敬某人 18. prepare for 为…做准备 19. achieve high grades 获得高分 20. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 21. come up with 提出 22. on display 在展览中 23. be independent of 从...独立 24.the + 比较级..; the +比较级越...越... 25. spend 时间/ 钱（in）doing sth/ on sth 26.be available for 可被使用的/得到的 27.have much experience in 在某方面有经验的 28.select....from 从...中选择 29.be fluent in 在某方面流利的 30.be broadcast live 现场直播 31.It’s useless doing sth 做某事没有用
人教英语必修一第一单元Unit 1 Friendship定语从句学案(无答案)
Attributive Clause 课型：语法课课时：第一课时 【Curriculum demands】 1．Learn basic information about attributive clause 2．Master the usage of relative pronouns and relative adverbs 【Demands in the exam】 1．Study the differences between relative pronouns and relative adverbs 2．Try to analyze sentences and choose correct relative words 【Learning aims】 1．Foster the ability to analyze long sentences 2．Try to write sentences with attributive clauses 自学 内容 Review the basic information about attributive clause 要求 1．Refer to the notes or grammar books to find the basic concepts 2．Master the attributive clauses introduced by that/which/whom/who/whose 相关概念 主句、从句、关系词 例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition. 主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(This is the boy.是主句。) 定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。）(例句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句，修饰the boy。) 先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(the boy是先行词。) 关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(who是关系代词。) 关系词的三个作用 作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用。代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词the boy。） 关系代词 指人时可以用who, 也可用that。 Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate? 指物时可以用which, 也可用that。 I like visiting places which/that are not far away. whose可以指人也可以指物。 He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in his life time. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。 I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night. 注：（）表示关系代词省略 关系副词 关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如： We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. 基础过关 1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。 The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter. The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called Smith. A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan. I’d like a room ______ window looks out over the sea. 问题中心以学为本先学后教合作展评
定语从句1
1.People spoke highly of the driver_____,in spite of the terrible weather, had saved his passengers from danger. A.which B.who C.whom D.as 2.The island_____he lived in his childhood is far from the town. A.which B.in which C.on which D.that 3.I hope to get_____a tool______he repaired this machine with. A.such;that B.so;that C.such;as D.as;as 4.The soldiers stopped at the edge of a wood,______was the right place for an ambush(埋伏). A.they thought where B.they thought which C.where they thought D.which they thought 5.The factory has 500 workers,40 percent_____are women. A.of which B.of whom C.of them D.of that 6.He often talked about the artists and paintings_______impressed him greatly. A.which B.who C.that D.不填 7.I will never forget the days_______we spent together and_____we made friends with some farmers. A.when;that B.that;when C.when;when D.which;which 8.His family,_______all music lovers,don't want to miss MTV programmes. A.who is B.which is C.who are D.which are 9.Who is the person_______asked for me just now? A.who B.that C.whose D.whom 10.He asked more than one elder for advice,_______he hoped to make a wiser decision. A.which B.by which C.by which means D.by that means 11.His technique has developed to the point_______he can repair many of the electrically powered farm machines. A.when B.that C.where D.which 12.The comrade I share the room________is a young teacher fresh from college. A.with him B.with whom C.with D.in 13.What do you think of the material_______the coat is made? A.which B.of which C.from which D.in which 14.The fire started on the first floor of the hospital,______patients were elderly people. A.many of whose B.whose many C.many whose D.many of whom 15.He was the only one of the boys who______willing to do the work. A.is B.was C.are D.were 16.He is not the man_______he used to be. A.who B.whom C.which D.that 17.I was very surprised at the way_____he spoke at the meeting. A.which B.by which C.where D.不填 18.Is this village______Chairman Mao once lived in? A.where B.which C.that D.the one 19.The doctor______is leaving for Africa next month. A.the nurse is talking to him B.whom the nurse is talking C.the nurse is talking to D.who the nurse is talking
2定语从句的翻译二
定语从句的“并列套用” 中文里“本位词”和“外位语”如何翻译成英文 英文短句的翻译方法 中英文事实和评论的关系 英文中四种句子的翻译方法 中英文关联词的使用和英文中人名地名的翻译 中英文的一个重要差异：中文是动态性语言，善于用动词；英文是静态性语言，善于用名词 定语从句的翻译二 This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. 这种假设基于人性中内在懒惰的谬论，实际上，除了不正常懒惰的人以外，很少有人不愿意挣只比最低生活费多的钱，也很少有人愿意无所事事，而不去工作。
第一步：断句 This assumption rests on the fallacy/ of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually,/ aside from abnormally lazy people,/ there would be very few/ who would not want to earn more than the minimum,/ and who would prefer to do nothing/ rather than work. 并列套用： 中心词+ 定语1 + 定语2 + 定语3 + 。。。European’s today, like Americans 200 years ago, seek a world where strength does not matter so much, where unilateral action by nations is forbidden and where all nations regardless of their strength are protected by commonly agreed rules of behavior. 当今的欧洲人，就和两百年前的美国人一样，寻找这样一个世界，在那里，武力并不是最重要的，禁止由国家发起的单边运动，所有国家不论其实力，都受到普遍公认的行为准则的保护。 第二步：翻译 假设是基于这样一种谬论：人性中存在着天生的懒惰。
必修一Unit5定语从句
高一英语Unit 5 Nelson Mandela（定语从句练习） I 用合适的关系词填空 1 Is he the man wants to see you? 2 He is the man I saw yesterday. 3 They rushed over to help the man car had broken down. 4 The package you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. II 把书翻到34页，从课文中找出关系副词或介词+ which/whom引导的定语从句Example: The time when I first met Nelson Mandela…… 1 (where) 2 (when) 3 (prep + which) 4 (prep + whom) [Practice] 1 I still remember the day / I first came to Beijing. 2 Can you tell me the office / he works? 3 Do you know the reason / he is absent? III 比较关系代词和关系副词: ( 1 ) Do you still remember the days that /which we spent in Qingdao? （2）Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? [Practice] 用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空 1 The city I was born has a lot of parks. 2 I don’t like cities have a lot of factories. 3 New Year’s Eve is a time I am always looking forward to. 4 My birthday is a day I think about my future. 5 He is the cleverest boy I have ever seen. 6 I saw a house the window of is broken. 7 I saw a house windows are broken. 8 I will never forget the days I worked together you on the farm. 9 He has got himself into a dangerous place he is likely to lose his way. 10 We expressed the hope they had expressed. IV 练习A Complete the following sentences with “preposition+ which/whom” 1 This is the rock the boy fell down into the sea. 2 Yesterday we had a meeting，we discussed a lot of questions. 3 The film star we talked a lot will give us a speech tomorrow. 4 Nothing can grow on the moon there is neither water nor air. 5 The West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful. 6 The newspaper he often writes articles is China Daily. 7 The stories about the Long March are well written, this is one example. 8 The subject Xiao Wang is good is physics. 9 The professor Mr. Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science. 10 At last I met the writer I had heard long before. B Choose the correct answer 1 I still remember the days we studied together. A that B which C where D when 2 He didn’t know which room . A they lived B they lived in C did they live D did they live in 3 This is the reason I came here. A which B why C that D in which 4 Swimming is a very good sport, everybody likes. A which B that C whose D who 5 We lived in the room windows faced south. A whose B of which C which D that 6 Many forests the animals lived were destroyed. A which B that C where D when 7 We often think of the happiest days we spent together on the island. A when B which C that D during which 8 He is one of the teachers who English but the only one of the teachers who French in our school. A know; knows B knows; know C knows; knows; D know; know
U1定语从句学案
M1U1 Grammar and usages Attributive Clauses导学案 课时目标：回顾句子成分中的定语，及定语从句； 五个关系代词的用法 课时重难点：关系代词的指代及所做成分 一、回顾已知，引入课题。 观察下列短句，划出其中的名词、形容词、介词短语。并将它们译成中文。 1.an enjoyable experience 2.best friends 3.the rules of the school 阅读Point 1 on P8 模仿翻译：穿红衣服的女孩子们 二、自主学习，边学边导。 (一)定义、概念 1、定义：在复合句中，修饰或限定主句中某一个________或________,并充当定语的从句是定语从句 2、相关概念： ●被定语从句所修饰或限定的名词或代词称为__________ ●引导定语从句的词称为________, 可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等Ex1 读下列小短文，并找出3个定语从句，完成下列表格。 Little Tom asked his mother for two dollars. "What did you do with the money that I gave you yesterday?" "I gave it to a woman who is poor and old" he answered. "You're a good boy," said the mother happily. "Here are two dollars more. But why are you so interested in the old woman?" Ex.2将下列定语从句拆分成两个简单句 1、Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? _____________________________________________________________________ 2、I like those books whose topics are about history. _____________________________________________________________________ 3、A plane is a machine that can fly. _____________________________________________________________________
定语从句翻译方法的整理
定语从句的翻译 英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。而汉语中定语作为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面，并且没有限制意义的强弱之分，因此，限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用。 英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句，而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。所以，在翻译定语从句时，一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。 从结构上分析，常见的定语从句翻译方法： 一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。 既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。 He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。 Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. 同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的主要原因。 二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。 英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分句。翻译时可以用两种方法来处理： （一）重复先行词 由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。
unit 5 课文中的定语从句
1、The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 2、It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 3、He was generous with his time ,for which I was grateful. 4、The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away .
5、However,this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 6、The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. 7、The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress ,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
8、The part of town in which they had to live were decided by white People. 9、The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. 10、We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important ,or fight the government. 11、We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful.
英语定语从句易错题精选(1)
必备英语英语定语从句易错题精选 一、定语从句 1．The girl catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married. A．whom B．which C．who D．whose 【答案】C 【解析】 考查定语从句的用法。Whom指人，作从句的宾语；which指物，作从句的主语或宾语；who指人，作从句的主语或宾语；whose即指人也指物，作从句的定语，后跟名词。根据动词“catches”可推断关系词作从句的主语，而“the girl”指人，故选C。 2．—Have you ever heard of Langlang? —Sure. He is one of ______ pianists ______ I have even seen. A．good; that B．much better; who C．the best; which D．the best; that 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 句意：——你有没有听说朗朗？——当然听说了。他是我见过的最好的钢琴家之一。Good 好的，better更好的；best最好的。形容词的比较级前可用much修饰，表示程度；形容词的最高级前通常要加定冠词。one of……之一，其后面的中心名词用复数形式，该名词前的形容词用最高级形式。先行词pianists在宾语从句中作宾语，他的前面有最高级修饰，该用关系代词that代替。所以选D。 3．Xiandao Lake in Yangxin is the famous place ________ we'll visit next week. A．that B．who C．where D．whom 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：阳新的仙岛湖是我们下周要参观的著名的地方。本句考查定语从句，先行词是place，从句意来看，其在定语从句中作visit的宾语，指事物，因此关系词用that。故选A。 考点：考查定语从句。 4．Yesterday Li Ming went to the village ______ his family lived ten years ago. A．when B．which C．where D．that
定语从句之关系代词(1)
定语从句I 关系代词 定义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。 基本构成：先行词+关系间+定语从句。 先行词：它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 关系词：连接先行同和定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。 分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系代词的具体用法见下表： 一、关系代词的用法
指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语) Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语) 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about. 罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语) 可修饰人，也可修饰物，表"所属"关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。 I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake. 我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。(作定语) 指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。 China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who, whom，指物多用which. The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)