大学英语六级语法

大学英语六级语法
大学英语六级语法

大学英语六级语法

导学部分

误区:

●四六级不考语法

●语法=单选题

语法?

●语言的规矩和法则

●连词成句

语言语法句子

四六级语法学什么?

句子

句子的结构

一个句子多个句子的连接

(一件事)(多件事)

简单句并列句/复合句

第一章:简单句的核心

第一部分:简单句

第二章:简单句的补充

第二部分:并列句

基础语法

四六级语法第三部分:复合句

强调

第四部分:特殊用途的句子倒装

虚拟

真题应用长难句分析(全真题讲解)

第一部分:简单句

第一章:简单句的核心

一、简单句的核心构成

简单句一个句子(一件事)

世界是物质的,物质是运动的

n. + v.

主语+ 谓语

11

n. + 谓语v.

一主一谓,谓语动词的不同决定简单句的不同构成。

例子:

I swim.

I like English.

区分vt./vi.

1)意思

2)介词(prep.)

● I like English.

●The bride kissed the groom.

●Birds fly in the sky.

●We walked on the street yesterday.

●You look at me.

介宾结构

●They offered me a vacant post.

●They offered a vacant post to me.

I bought you a present.

I bought a present for you.

I find HongKong ???

I find HongKong very beautiful.

I find HongKong a place for shopping.

●我非常高兴。

●I very happy. ???

I am very happy.

主系表

系动词

1.be动词(单独)

2.“变得” get become turn go grow

3.感官动词look sound smell taste feel

“看/ 听/ 闻/ 尝/ 感觉起来……”

4.keep remain / seem appear

1. I ask you a question. 主谓双宾

2. You answer. 主谓

3. I love you. 主谓宾

4. You make my life complete.主谓宾补

5. I am happy. 主系表

主语+ 谓语+ ?

二、简单句的核心变化

(一)谓语动词的变化:

1. 时态:

一般过去时

形式:V.过去式(did/was/were)

用法:过去的事、过去的动作(无关现在)例子:

He was a student.

He liked music.

She had a boyfriend.

变否定或疑问:

He was happy. He liked English.

He was not happy. He did not like English. Was he happy? Did he like English? How was he? What did he like?

补充:

V.过去式V.过去分词

look looked looked

buy bought bought

see saw seen

eat ate eaten

V.过去式 V.过去分词

一般过去时完成时

被动语态

不作谓语

一般现在时

形式:V.原形/V.第三人称单数(do/does)

You like English.

He likes English.

用法:

1. 现在经常性习惯性的动作

We have the English class every day.

He often gets up late.

2. 现在的状态

I am a teacher.

We are in China.

3. 永恒

The earth is round.

The earth moves around the sun.

Knowledge is power.

Practice makes perfect.

变否定或疑问:

He is happy. You like English. He likes English.

He is not happy. You do not like English. He does not like English. Is he happy? Do you like English? Does he like English? How is he? What do you like? What does he like?

补充:

与频率连用(every, once a week, twice a month, three times a …)

always

usually, often, frequently

sometimes, hardly

never

一般将来时

形式:will / am / is /are going to + V 原形

用法:将来的事(现成的将来)

I will make a new plan tomorrow.

We are going to study abroad next year.

变否定或疑问:

He will leave. He is going to leave.

He will not leave. He is not going to leave.

Will he leave Is he going to leave?

What will he do? What is he going to do?

过去将来时

形式:would / was / were /are going to + V 原形

用法:将来的事(过去的将来)

I said that I would become a cook in the future.

Tony finished his work, and then he would leave for London.

3种进行时

At 10 o’clock yesterday some students were taking an exam in their classrooms. We are taking about the water pollution.

A great many candidates will be meeting here at this time tomorrow.

现在完成时

形式:have/has + done

用法:

现在全部完成He has left.

现成部分完成We have studied English for ten years.

过去完成时

形式:had + done

用法:过去的之前

When he got there, she had left. She was not there.

完成时vs. 完成进行时

They _____ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we are still working on it as no good results _____ so far.

A. have been working; have come out

B. had worked; came out

C. had been working; have come out

D. have worked; are coming out

答案:C

2. 语态:

n. + v.

动词的时态

动词的语态

动词的情态

谓语动词的变化语态

被动语态

狗吃了那个蛋糕。

The dog ate the cake.

?吃了那个蛋糕。

蛋糕被吃了。

狗吃了那个蛋糕。

主语宾语

蛋糕被狗吃了。

被动语态适用范围1:及物动词。

2:不及物动词+介词。

被动语态

be + done

被动的时间被动的动作

备注:

1.be表示被动的时间(把be变成对应的各种形态),还表达主语单复数

2. done表示被动的动作

教室每天都打扫。

Classrooms are cleaned (clean) every day.

一座新的大楼去年建造的。

A new building was built (build) last year.

与时态相结合

被动语态be + done

他每天被打。He is beaten every day.

他昨天被打了。He was beaten yesterday.

他明天将要被打。He will be beaten tomorrow.

他现在正在被打。He is being beaten. (现在经行时的被动am/is/are + being done)他现在已经被打了。He has been beaten. (现在完成时的被动have/has + been done)

Our morning paper is read (read) by over 200,000 people every day.

Last night my favorite TV program was interrupted (interrupt) by a special news

bulletin.

His bike will be repaired (repair) by his grandfather tomorrow.

The new machine has been used (use) in our factory for two week.

与情态动词相结合

被动语态be + done

Planes are heard.

Planes can be heard.

Planes could be heard.

Planes may be heard.

Planes must be heard.

这封信必须马上寄出。

The letter must be sent immediately.

天气不能被人们所控制。

Weather cannot be controlled by people.

3. 情态:

用法:

1)情态动词+动词原形

2)情态动词的人称变化无

3)情态动词的时态变化有限

4)情态动词变否定/疑问

四六级常用的情态动词有:

m ust“必须”can / could “能够,可以”will / would“愿意/将要”

may / might “可以,可能”should“应该”

1 情态动词表示情态

We must finish the work within a week.

Air pollution must be taken seriously.

The government can solve the problem of water pollution.

Tony could walk when he was only one year old.

Will you marry me?

I will travel abroad with my family.

Potential buyers would cheer for lower interest rates.

To some extent, expressions may influence emotions.

Such bodily reaction might help moderate the work stress.

Students should work hard to pass the exams.

Those sick people should seek help from doctors.

2 情态动词表示推测

The details may be unknowable.

Such searches must take years.

The loss of patience can potentially have a damaging impact on our professional and personal wellbeing.

The peculiar way of saying those things may have led to misunderstanding.

Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.

练习:

1)In order to be a good salesclerk, you ____________ (must not / will not) be rude to a

customer.

2)This pie is very good. You ____________ (should / must) try a piece.

3)Rice ____________ (should / must / may) have water in order to grow.

4)Don’t be nervous. I think you ____________ (can / must) make it.

5)I am not sure. Probably he ____________ (may / should) come later.

答案:1. must not 2. should 3. must / should 4. can 5. may

(二)主语/宾语/表语的变化:

1. 名词/代词

Most graduates always want a big-firm job.

She is the leader of the organization.

They gave us a good impression.

2. doing/to do

Laughing probably has great influence on health.

To laugh probably has great influence on health.

It probably has great influence on health to laugh.

Having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.

It is no use to talk about dreams without trying.

We enjoy reading books in the library.

The members of the board decide to vote against the new plan.

Our main goal is to finish the task on time.

3. 多个并列

Science and technology will develop the process of society.

Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, and psychology.

That doesn't mean sitting down and doing nothing at all.

n. + v.

名词/ 代词动词的时态

doing 动词的语态

to do 动词的情态

多个并列动词的否定

第二章简单句的补充

一、限定词/形容词副词/介词短语

常用介词:in on at / from to / into onto / with without / of / by / for / about 其他介词:between among / across through / against / like as

二、非谓语动词

非谓语动词共3种:

doing 表示______主动_______

done 表示______被动_______

to do 表示______目的_______

Passing planes can be heard night and day.

The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his hand.

He bought a used car.

The teacher came into the classroom, followed by five students.

I have a lot of homework to do.

I am coming to see you.

练习:

1. ________, you need to give all you have and try your best.

A. Being a winner

B. To be a winner

C. Be a winner

D. Having been a winner

2. ________ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

A. Translating

B. Translated

C. To translate

D. Having translated

3. Peter received a letter just now ________his grandma would come to see him soon.

A. said

B. says

C. saying

D. to say

4. _________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.

A. Offer

B. Offering

C. Offered

D. To offer

5. The island, ________ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.

A. joining

B. to join

C. joined

D. having joined 答案:1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A

三、同位语/插入语

同位语,解释说明前面名词,与名词相同,说的是一件事。

My teacher, Mr. Lee, is coming to the meeting.

插入语,插入的补充说明,与前后无关。

My teacher, together with his colleagues, is coming to the meeting.

All their lives, today's young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion to pursue science and sports, math and theater and do it all as well as they possibly can.

2014 06 CET4

Confronted with such facts, some Swedish activists and legislators are demanding more extreme and far-reaching measures, such as replacing male and female pronouns with a neutral alternative and monitoring children more closely to correct them when they gravitate toward gendered play.

2014 06 CET6

第二部分:并列句

一、并列句的构成

多件事(多个简单句)之间同等重要,用并列连词连接起来。

四六级常用的并列连词有:

1)表示顺接:... and ...; both ... and ...;

not only ..., but ... as well / but also ...

2)表示转折:but; yet; while

3)表示选择:... or ...; either ... or ...; neither ... nor ...

4)表示因果:... for ... (原因); ... so ...(结果)

二、并列句的省略

I am a teacher and I like English.

I am a teacher and like English.

I am lying in bed and I am reading a book.

I am lying in bed and reading a book.

I want to leave and I want to go abroad.

I want to leave and to go abroad.

and(平行结构)

练习:

1) You can _________ stay at home _________ go out to play. It doesn’t ma tter.

A. either, or

B. neither, nor

C. both, and

D. not only, but also

2) We bought her a birthday present, _________ she likes it very much.

A. so

B. or

C. and

D. but

3) _________ you _________ he is able to ski, but I am.

A. both, and

B. either, or

C. neither, nor

D. between, and

4) The doctor tried their best to save the patient’s life, _________ failed.

A. or

B. so

C. but

D. because

5) I could speak _________ Japanese _________ Chinese, so I had to talk with him in English.

A. not only, but also

B. both, and

C. neither, nor

D. either, or

6) I like pop music, but _________ my father _________ my mother likes it.

A. both, and

B. either, or

C. neither, nor

D. not only, but also

7) Tom, keep away from the fire, _________ you will get burnt.

A. and

B. so

C. or

D. but

8) I thought we’d be late for the concert, _________ we ended up getting there ahead of time.

A. but

B. or

C. so

D. for

答案:1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. A

第三部分:复合句

第一章名词性从句

一、宾语从句

1.宾语从句的含义:

一个句子作宾语,放在另一个句子(主句)里。

2.宾语从句的写法:

总结:宾语从句的写法__________ + __________________

(词+陈述句)

练习:填入宾语从句的连接词

1) 我承诺我会帮助你。

I promise ________ I will help you.

2) 你从来没告诉过我,你对我的电脑做了什么。

You never told me ________ you had done to my computer.

3) 我想知道什么时候我们将会出发。

I wonder ________ we will set out.

4) 他们不知道他们是否会按时完成工作。

They don’t know ________ they will finish the work on time.

5) 你能告诉我什么时候我们将会出发吗?

Can you tell me _____________________?

答案1. that 2. what 3. when 4. whether 5. when we’ll set out

3.宾语从句的位置:

1)I don’t know when you will finish the work.

No one tells me when you will finish the work.

2)I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

Are you positive (that) you’ve never seen that man before?

二、表语从句

My concern is that people don’t care about others.

The question remains whether people will buy it.

三、同位语从句

一个句子作同位语,解释说明n。

位置:需要解释的抽象n后。(fact, idea, news, dream, suggestion, advice, report …)最常用的是:“that+陈述句”这种(注意:that不作成分,但不能省略)

我不怀疑他将会帮我的忙。

I have no doubt that he will help me.

我们支持这种论据,校车问题必须被严肃对待。

I support the argument that the problems of school buses must be taken seriously.

四、主语从句

我们是否将会去露营取决于天气。

位置1: 句首

Whether we will go camping depends on the weather.

位置2: 句尾(句首用形式主语it)

It depends on the weather whether we will go camping.

注意:两种位置,意思相同。但更常用的是位于句尾的主语从句。

练习:填入连接词,并判断是哪种名词性从句。

1)________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.

A. Which

B. What

C. That

D. Whom

2) We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know________ she’ll accept it.

A. where

B. what

C. whether

D. which

3)Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________we do and who we are if we want to

succeed.

A. why

B. how

C. what

D. which

4)Modern science has given clear evidence ________smoking can lead to many diseases.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

5)It was never clear ________ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.

A. that

B. how

C. when

D. why

6)It is still under discussion ________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

A. whether

B. when

C. which

D. where

7)I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ________he never finishes anything.

A. that

B. when

C. where

D. why

8) These wild flowers are so special that I would do ________ I can to save them.

A. whatever

B. which

C. that

D. whichever

答案1. B 主语从句2. C 宾语从句3. C 宾语从句4. C 同位语从句5. D 主语从句 6. A 主语从句7. D 表语从句8. A 宾语从句

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