定语从句中可省略的关系副词
（5）关系副词的省略
①在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可以省略。如the time, every time, each time, the moment等。
e.g.By the time (when) he was fourteen years old Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himsel
f.
到十四岁时，爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。
Do you still remember the day(when) we first met? 你仍然记得我们第一次相遇的那一天吗?
②在某些句子中表示地点的名词后关系副词有时也可以省略。如the place等。
e.g.That’s the place (where) he lived when he was in Paris. 这就是他在巴黎时所住的地方。
This is the place (where) we met years ago. 这就是多年前我们见面的地方。
③先行词the reason后面的关系副词可以省略。
e.g.That’s the reason (why) I asked you to come. 这就是我叫你来的原因。
The reason (why) he did that is quite clear. 他那样做的理由是非常清楚的。
④当先行词是way时，关系副词常常省略。
（1）主谓一致问题
这是指关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词一致的问题。
①取决于先行词，先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数。
e.g.Mr. Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you. 史密斯先生要见你，他现在正在楼下。
(定语从句的谓语动词is根据Mr. Smith而定。)
The Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you. 史密斯夫妇要见你，他们正在楼下。
(定语从句的谓语动词are根据the Smiths而定。)
②“one of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the(only, very, right) one of＋复数名词”作主语时。谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g.Jeff is one of the students who were awarded. 杰夫是当时获奖的学生之一。
(本句的先行词是the students，即所修饰的中心词为the students，因此谓语动词应根据the students而定。)
Jeff is the only one of the students who was awarded. 杰夫是唯一一个获奖的学生。
(本句的中心词移到了the only one，因此定语从句的谓语动词需根据the only one而定。)
（2）what, how不可引导定语从句
①what本身是复合关系代词，等同于“先行词＋关系代词(which/that)”。因此不能用what引导定语从句。
e.g.Time is what we demand most. (=Time is all (that) we demand most.) 我们所需要的就是时间。Tell me what is happening. (=Tell me something that is happening.) 告诉我正在发生什么事。She isn’t what she used to be. (=She isn’t the one (that) she used to be.) 她不是过去的她了。
②how为复合关系副词。本身等同于the way in which，因此，不能用how引导定语从句。
e.g.I don’t like how you behave. (=I don’t like the way (that/ in which) you behave.) 我不喜欢你行事的方法。
This is how I worked out this problem. (=This is the way (that/in which) I worked out this problem.) 这就是我解出这道题的方法。
（3）关系代词that和which的用法辨析
that和which在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语，指物。作宾语时，均可省略。通常情况下，二者可互换使用。但有时却不宜随便互换。
①宜用that的情况
1）当先行词是all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything. none, nothing等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
e.g.There is not much that ought to be done right now. 现在没有多少应该做的事情。
I did nothing that might hurt you. 伤害你的事我一点儿也没做。
2）当先行词是be后面的表语，或者关系代词本身在从句中作表语时。
e.g.The school is quite different from the one that it used to be. 这所学校已和原来的迥然不同了。
He is not the man that he was. 他过去不是这样的。
3）当主句以here, there开头时。
e.g.Here is a hotel that you’ve been looking for. 这就是你一直在找的旅馆。
There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken. 在角上还有一个空位。
4）当先行词有the only, the same, the very, the last等词修饰时。
e.g.These articles are the very ones that should be read. 这些文章才是应该读的。
Chatting was t he only thing that interested her most. 聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
5）当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
e.g.This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city. 这是这座城市迄今为止所放过的最好的电影。
6）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
e.g.Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁?
Which of us that knows something about physics cannot join electric wires? 我们中间懂物理的谁不会接电线?
7）当先行词有两个或两个以上，并且分别表示人和物时。
e.g.She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in. 她把她所感兴趣的人和物全拍摄了下来。
②宜用which的情况
1）在非限制性定语从句中。
e.g.Football, which is a very interesting game, is liked by many boys in our class. 足球是很有趣的运动项目，被我们班里很多男生所喜爱。
2）在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
上面我们详细的复习了定语从句在初中阶段所学习的内容，为了方便同学们记忆，下面我们把内容梳理如下。
定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词；在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。
（1）引导词分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。关系副词有：when, where, why, that。
注意：关系副词里面没有how。
如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。
e.g.I don’t like the way(that, in which)he eyed me. 我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。
（2）关系代词who在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。
e.g.He is the man who wants to see you. 他就是想要见你的那个人。(who在从句中作主语)
（3）关系代词whom。
e.g.He is the man whom I saw in the park yesterday. 他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。(whom在从句中作宾语)
作宾语用的引导词可以省略，因此上面的句子可以改写如下：
He is the man I saw in the park yesterday.
（4）关系代词whose用来指人或物，(只能用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。
e.g.Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
（5）关系代词which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。
e.g.They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice. 他们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物。(作主语)
注意：当有which和that要进行选择的情况下，以下情况要选which：
①在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。
②修饰整个主句。
e.g.I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity. 从那以后我再也没有见到过朱莉叶，真是遗憾。
③修饰谓语部分
e.g.He can swim in the river, which I cannot. 他会在河里游泳，那正是我不会的。
④介词＋which
e.g.They are all questions to which there are no answers. 那些问题都是无头公案。
（6）关系代词that多用来指物，有的也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。指物的时候多用that，也可用which。
e.g.It’s a question that(which) needs careful consideration. 这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。(指物，作主语。)
注意：在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词：
①先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。
e.g.All that she lacked was training. 她所缺少的只是训练。
注意：everything等为先行词时，引导词可以省略。
②先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
e.g.This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。
③先行词被序数词和the last修饰时。
④先行词中既有人又有物时。
e.g.They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited. 他们谈论他们参观过的那些学校和老师们。
⑤主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时。
（7）关系代词as用于引导限制住定语从句时，多数和such…as和the same…as连用。
e.g.I have never heard such a story as he told. 我从未听过他讲的这种故事。
注意：as和which的区别：
关系代词as用于引导非限制性定语从句时，应注意以下几点：
① as引导的非限制性定语从句位于句末时，一般可以和which互换。
e.g.The author was brought up in a small village, as(which) is recounted in some of his stories.
作者是在一个小村庄里长大的，这个问题在他的一些小说里已被提到过。
但是，当主句是否定句时，as和which就不能互换，因为as引导的非限制性定语从句不包含否定意义。
② as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句子的最前面，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。
e.g.As you will find out, all is now settled.
你将会看到这样一种情况，一切都已搞定了。
典例剖析
例题1．—Barbara, where do you work?
—I work for a company _______ sells cars.
A．which B．where C．what D．who
解题技巧：
首先译这段小对话“芭芭拉，你在哪儿工作？我在一家汽车销售公司工作。”从句缺少主语，这个定语从句，先行词company是表示事物的名词，where是副词，不能作主语，what不引导定语从句，who引导的定语从句，其先行词是指人的名词。
答案：A
例题2．Do you like the music _______ makes you excited?
A．it B．what C．that D．who
解题技巧：
这题是考查定语从句。先看先行词music，是事物it，what不能引导定语从句，而who的先行词应该是人称或代人的名词。答案：C 例题3．The songs ________ SHE sing are very popular.(北京市中考题)
A．which B．who C．whom D．whose
解题技巧：此题先行词是songs是事物，所以选择which。答案：A
初中定语从句练习题
1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.
A. which
B. what
C. as
D. those
2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. in that
6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.
A. at which
B. on that
C. in which
D. of what
7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..
A. how you have observed
B. what you have observed
C. that you have observed
D. how that you have observed
8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. whether
9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.
A. all which
B. that
C. all that
D. which
10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
A. whose
B. of which
C. in which
D. on which
11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. what
12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.
A. which
B. it
C. that
D. what
13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
14. The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.
A. who is singing
B. is singing
C. sang
D. was singing
15. Those _______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn
B. who
C. that learns
D. who learn
16. Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.
A. that against
B. that against
C. who is against
D. who are against
17. Didn’t you see the man ________?
A. I nodded just now
B. whom I nodded just now
C. I nodded to him just now
D. I nodded to just now
18. Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day?
A. that you talked
B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with
D. you talked about
19. Is there anything _______ to you?
A. that is belonged
B. that belongs
C. that belong
D. which belongs
20. ---- “How do you like the book?”
---- “It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.”
A. that
B. which
C. the one
D. the one what
21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _______ who had already taken them.
A. the ones
B. ones
C. some
D. the others
22. The train _______ she was travelling was late.
A. which
B. where
C. on which
D. in that
23. He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.
A. where
B. in which
C. under which
D. which
24. Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. about which
25. It’s the third time _______ late this month.
A. that you arrived
B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived
D. when you’ve arrived
26. It was in 1969 _______ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. in which
Welcome !!! 欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！
定语从句中关系副词的用法
定语从句中关系副词的用法 关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句 time,day,hour,year when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army. 表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句 place,room,house where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。) 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示： That is the reason I did the job. 又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）当先行词是时间，地点，原因时，并不是一定对应使用when，where，why The factory ________ I visited is not far from here. 诀窍：1.先找定语从句：____I visited, 2.假设可填入which，which I visited, which指代factory 3.看定语从句是否完整；I visited the factory。 很完整，which正确，或that The factory ________ I work is not far from here. 1. ___I work 2. which I work,,,,which指代factory 3.看定语从句是否完整I work the factory. I work in the factory，可见缺少in 4.因此应该是in which I work=where I work *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital where my mother works. **This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday. ***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill. ***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office . 2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when) This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)
定语从句之关系副词用法和特殊用法及专项练习
定语从句三 (关系副词的用法) 一．关系副词引导的定语从句 1. when指______，在定语从句中做________。 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. 2. where指_______，在定语从句中做_________。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3. why指_______，在定语从句中做________。 、 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词＋关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city where/in which I was born. 二．关系代词和关系副词的区别 1. 取决于从句中的谓语动词。 不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系副词或介词+关系代词； 及物动词后接宾语，就要求用关系代词。 ~ 2. 要看他们在从句中充当什么成分而定，即先行词在从句中是作主语、宾语还是作状语而定。 (1) This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. (2) I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. (3) I’ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 【专项练习3】 用关系代词、关系副词或介词+关系代词填空 1. I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together in Paris. 2. I’ll remember the days __________ we stayed together in Paris. 3. This is the factory ____________ we visited last year. ) 4. This is the farm ____________ Lincoln once worked 5. The reason ___________ he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.
高中英语 定语从句关系词的省略精讲及巩固练习(有答案)
定语从句关系词的省略精讲及巩固练习 1. 关系代词的省略 1) 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略 I have been to the city twice (that/which)you just visited. 2) 关系代词在从句中作表语时可以省略 The village is not the one (that)it was years ago. 3) 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语,而介词在从句句尾时可以省略. Generation gap is a problem(which/that) people are interested in. 2. 关系副词的省略 1）先行词the place后的关系副词可省略。 That’s the place (where) he lived when he was in Paris. 2) 先行词the reason后面的关系副词或省略。 That’s the reason (why) I asked you to come. 3) 当先行词是way时，关系副词常常可以省略。 I don’t like the way (that) you speak to me. (二)．介词+关系代词 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。 A组：用关系代词填空。指出1-3题和4-7题的规律。 1. He likes the birthday gifts ____________ his friends gave him. 2. The girl ______________ you have just seen is very good at English.
定语从句关系代词和关系副词辨析
先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下红色部分的用法。 Do you remember the days when / in which I stayed with you in the USA? 你还记得我和你在美国共度的那些日子吗？ 2) The factory where / in which he worked for twenty years is closing down. 他效力了20年的那个工厂倒闭了。 3) The reason why / for which he was late for school was that he didn’t catch the bus. 他之所以迟到，原因是没赶上公交车。 4) I have read the book in which you are interested. 我读了那本你感兴趣的书。 5) The man with whom I talked just now comes from Japan. 刚刚和我交谈的那个男人来自日本。 6) This is the book which she is looking for. 这就是她正在找的那本书。 小结归纳 ●when 通常放在表示时间的名词后引导定语从句，如句1）； ●where放在表示地点的名词后引导定语从句，如句2）； ●why经常放在reason的后面来引导定语从句，如句3）； ★当引导定语从句时，关系副词一般可以转化为“介词+ 关系代词”，即： when / where 可转化为on / in / at等+ which， why可转化为for which（在口语中可用that或省略），这也是定语从句中的一种常见现象。 ★需要特别注意的是此时介词后的关系代词不能用that，如句1）、2）、3） ★另外，指代先行词的关系代词which, whom在从句中作介词宾语时，可以把“介词+ 关系代词(which / whom)”一起放在先行词和从句之间，如句4）、5）；★但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如句6）。 **★关系代词that和which在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 ★关系副词when/ where/ why分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。例如： This is the house where/ in which we once lived. 这是我们曾经住过的房子 （Where相当于in the house 做地点状语） This is the house which/ that they built last year. 这是他们去年建的房子 （which/ that 指代house 做built 的宾语） I’ll never forget the days when/on which we stayed in Beijing. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子 （When相当于on the days 做时间状语，on the days “在这些日子”） I’ll never forget the days which we spent in Beijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子（Which指代the days 做spent的宾语） That is the reason why/ for which she told a lie. 那就是她为什么撒谎的原因。 （Why相当于for the reason 做原因状语 That is the reason which was told by the boy. 那就是那个男孩说的原因。 （Which 指代the reason 做主语） 注意：★确立关系代词which/that或关系副词when/where/why的方法： 看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语，如果缺少用which/ that； 如果不缺主语或宾语用when/where/ why.
定语从句关系副词讲解及练习
Unit 2 Growing Pains 定语从句（2）--- 定语从句中关系副词的用法 Learning Content : Learn Attributive Clauses --- Relative adverbs: where, when, why Learning Aims: Learn how to use relative adverbs in attributive clauses Learning difficult and important points : The difference between relative adverbs and relative pronouns Period ：One 自主学习过程 关系副词是联系先行词和定语从句的词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where 和why ，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 1. 表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句，when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I ' nllever forget the day when I joined the army. 2. 表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句，where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 3. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句（why 只用于reason 之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。） 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.（在现代英语中why 可以省略）上句也可以这样表示：That is the reason I did the job. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）“when” “where和“why的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子： *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital ________ my mother works. **This is the hospital ________ we visited the day before yesterday. 知识小结（判断定语从句引导词的方法） 方法一：不及物动词则要求用关系副词when, where, why, 从句中的谓语为及物动词且后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词； 方法二： 先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）; 先行词在从句中做状语时选择关系副词（ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 2）“ when” “ where和“ why都可以替换成介词+ which，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中 的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?（on which=when） This is the room in which we lived last year.（in which=where）
英语中关系代词的省略与不省略(个人整理全)
英语中关系代词的省略与不省略（个人整理全） 个人总结: 其实主要还是在非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，与介词连接的时候一般先行词不省略，做补语，状语定语从句中做宾语，大部分情况都可以省略，下方与介词连接的时候注意有两种，一种与介词连在一起的不能省，一种介词在后边与动词连接，关系代词自己放句子最前边的情况下，关系代词也可省略。 一、英语定语从句中关系词的省略与不省略。 1.关系代词 Which, who, whom, that 在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 E.g.：Here is the man (who/ that/ whom) you’ve been looking for. 以下情况不能省略： （1）介词＋whom 与介词＋which 中，whom, which 不能省略。 E.g.：Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers? E.g.: That’s the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now. 注意：当介词放在动词后时，which, whom 就可以省略。 E.g.: Who is the man (whom) you talked with just now. (2).在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。 E.g.: Mr. Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school. E.g.: The elephant looks like a spear, as anybody can see. (3).在the same…as , such…as, as…….as , the same….that中，as, that, 即使作宾语，也不能省略。 E.g.: I have bought the same bicycle as you have( 这里可以理解为省略bought) (指同类用as) The same …….as : 与…..相同/一样/一致。 This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. (that 指同一个) （4）当由and, but, or 等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可省，但第二、第三个不可省略。 E.g.: This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.
关系副词的用法练习题
关系副词的用法 一、请将下列每一组中的两个简单句合并为一个定语从句，用第二个句子作定语。 1.Monday is the will come on that day. 2.He arrived in Shanghai that the same day I left. 3.July is the weather is usually the hottest in that month. 4.April Fool’s Day is that special day of the the day you should play a joke on someone! 5.March 10,1876 was the the day the first complete sentence was sent over a telephone. 6.The city was spent our vacation there. 7.That is the will meet you there. 8.The town is grew up there. 9.This is the put their tools in it. 二、请选择where,when和which填空。 10.I’ll never forget the day_____I met you for the first time. 11.I’ll never forget the days_____I spent with you. 12.The day,_____began brightly,ended with a violent storm. 13.The day_____we don’t bother to go to office but just work at home may soon come. 14.I arrived in Beijing on the day_____it was snowing heavily. 15.This is the town_____I was born. 16.This is the town_____I want to visit most someday. 17.The ripe fruit should be stored in a place_____contains much carbon dioxide so that it can’t decay rapidly. 18.The ripe fruit should be stored in a place_____there is much carbon dioxide so that it can’t decay rapidly.
关系代词练习
NAME DATE 1)This is the thief (that/who/whom) we are looking for these days. 2)They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. _____________________ 3)Please find a room which is big eno ugh for all of us to live in. 2.关系代词只能用that的情况 1)先行词是all, the only, the very, no, any, few, little, nothing, everyth ing, anything 等不定代词。 Eg1. All that he said is true. Eg2. He is the only foreig ner that has come here. 2)先行词是序数词the first, seco nd, third, four, the last 或被序数词修饰的词。 Eg. She was the sec ond (pers on) that told me the secret. 3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰的词。 Eg. This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 4)先行词又有人又有物的时候。 Eg. He talked about the people and the thi ngs that he remembered. 5)先行词为way时的限定性定语从句由that, in which, ① 引导。 Eg1. I don ' t like the way that you spoke. = I don ' t like how you spoke.
定语从句中可以省略关系词的几种情况
定语从句中可以省略关系词的几种情况关系代词作宾语时的省略 当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如： Is there anything (which) you wanted 想要什么东西吗 Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to 刚才和你讲话的人是谁 关系代词作表语时的省略 当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。如： China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语) 关系副词when的省略 用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day, year, time 等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如： That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。 I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。 关系副词where的省略 用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如： This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。 Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时
定语从句中可以省略关系词的几种情况
定语从句中可以省略关系词的几种情况 关系代词作宾语时的省略 当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如： Is there anything (which) you wanted 想要什么东西吗 Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to 刚才和你讲话的人是谁 关系代词作表语时的省略 当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。如： China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语) 关系副词when的省略 用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如： That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。 I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。 关系副词where的省略 用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere,
anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如： This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。 Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时 关系副词why的省略 关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。如： That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 这就是他来的原因。
关系代词
关系代词 定语从句在句子中充当定语功能的从句，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可修饰一个句子。由于定语从句由关系词引导，故又常称作关系代词。所谓关系词是指这类词在先行词和从句之间发挥着一定的关系作用，即：既引导定语从句，又代替先行词在从句中充当着某个成分。 各个关系代词的代替功能以及它们在从句中的作用见下表： 例如：Where is the girl who (或that) was injured in the accident?(关系代词作主语) The man whom (或that)you saw just now is our manager.(关系代词作宾语) He found the watch which (或that) he had lost. [注]：有时，关系代词that还可代替在定语从句中担任表语的先
行词。例如： She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood. 1）关系代词的省略 （1）在口语中以及非正式文体中，在定语从句里充当宾语作用的关系代词常常省去。 例如：Have you found the book (that) you want? （2）当关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时，不可以用that，而只能用whom或which并且不可省略。但是当介词位 于定语从句句尾时，作为介词宾语的关系代词则仍可用that， 也可以省去。试比较： The book from which (不用that) a got a lot of useful information was written by a famous physicist.(不可省略) The book (that 或which) I a got a lot of useful information from was written by a famous physicist.(可以省略) 2）以下两种情况要求使用关系代词that （1）当先行词是all, everything, something, nothing等不定代 词，或被first，but，only, few, much, some, any, no以及形 容词最高级等词修饰时，应用关系代词that，不用which。 例如: I am interested in all that you have told me. He asked for the best book that was on the subject. （2）当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时，要用关系代
定语从句之关系副词
定语从句之关系副词 引导定语从句的关系副词有when，where，why 等。它们和关系代词一样放在先行词的后面起引导作用，同时在定语从句中分别充当时间、地点和原因状语。 1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： Can you still remember that evening when we met for the first time？ 你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？ 2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如： Can you show me the house where Shakespeare lived？ 你能带我看看莎士比亚曾住过的那座房子吗？ 3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。如： I don't know the reason why he didn't tell it to his father。 我不明白为什么他没有把这件事告诉他父亲。 4. 由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词＋名词”，如：when ＝on / in / during the day，where= in / at / on the place，why ＝for the reason ，因此关系副词引导的定语从句可以改写为“介词＋which ”引导的定语从句。如： That is the day when （on which ）he did the experiments。 就是他做实验的那一天。 This is the house where （in which ）my father used to live。 这就是我父亲以前住过的房子。 That is the reason why （for which ）he is leaving very soon。 那就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。 注意：在这种“介词＋which ”的结构中，介词的选择取决于which 所指的名词与介词的搭配关系，或者取决于定语从句中动词词组与介词的搭配关系。如： This is the farm where （on which ）I worked three years ago。 这就是我三年前工作过的农场。 He can't forget that year when （in which ）he was taken to Beijing。 他忘不了他被带到北京去的那一年。 5.关系代词和关系副词的选择 先行词是表时间或地点的名词时，关系词的选择要慎重，以下技巧可帮助你解决此类问题。（ 1 ）分析句子结构，看表时间或地点的先行词在定语从句中是作状语，还是作主语和宾语。（ 2 ）看定语从句中的动词是及物动词，还是不及物动词，还是“不及物动词＋介词”结构。 比较：This is the place where he worked （vi ）when he was young。 The city （that / which ）we visited （vt ）is well-known。 We'll never forget the day （that / which ）we spent （vt ）in the village。 We'll never forget the day when we work （vi ）in the village。
各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如： The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如： Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate? Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如： The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如： A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 四. 关系代词whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如： That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况： (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：
定语从句中关系副词的用法
定语从句中关系副词的用法 关系副词，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。 定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。 其句法结构如下： 1.表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句 when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army. 2.表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句 where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 3.表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。) 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示：That is the reason I did the job. 又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子： *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the beach. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital where my mother works. **This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday. ***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill. ***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office . 2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+ which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when) This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where) Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why) 有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词+ which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如： My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.
疑问代词和关系代词
疑问代词和关系代词 1. 疑问代词的用法 (1) who [1] who的意思是“谁”，是主格，通常作主语。如： Who is that woman 那个妇女是谁 Who are those people 那些人是谁 [2] who在口语中可代替whom作宾语。如：Who did you ask about it 关于那件事你问过谁了 (2) whom whom 的意思是“谁”，是宾格，在句中作宾语，常用于书面语中。如： whom do you want to see 你想见谁 Whom do you talk about 你们在谈论谁（whom 作介词about的宾语）
(3) whose [1] whose的意思是“谁的”，属格，具有名词和形容词的性质。如： Whose book is this 这是谁的书（形容词性）Whose is this book 这书是谁的（名词性）[2] whose可在句中作如下成分。 作主语。如：Whose is better 谁的更好 作表语。如：Whose are these pencils 这些铅笔是谁的 作宾语。如：Whose are you going to borrow 你打算借谁的 作定语。如：Whose umbrella is this 这是谁的伞 (4) what [1] what的意思是“什么”，具有名词和形容词的性质。如：
What are you doing 你在做什么（名词性）What sport do you like best 你最喜欢的运动是什么（形容词性） [2] what可在句中作如下成分。 作主语。如：what's happening 发生了什么事作表语。如：What is your mother 你母亲是干什么工作的 作宾语。如：What do you mean 你是什么意思What did you talk to him about 你和他说了什么（介词宾语） 作定语。如：What color do you like 你喜欢什么颜色 (5) which which的意思是“哪个”，which在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等成分。 作主语。如：This is my bag. Which is yours