M3U3 宾语补足语与主谓一致精讲精练
M3U3 Back to the past Grammar and Usage
语法精析
一、宾语补足语的概念
在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其它的成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，这个补充成分称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。
二、宾语补足语的形式：
常见的宾语补足语有以下形式: 名词, 形容词, 副词, 介词短语, 现在分词, 过去分词, 动词不定式。例如:
1. She found him a very clever boy．
2. He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting．
3. Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister．
4. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.
5. I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window.
6. When he woke up, he found himself covered with a coat.
7. The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.
三．常见的几种宾语补足语：
1. 名词作宾补时
He makes it a rule to exercise every day.
People call the place the Golden Triangle.
We elected him president of the country.
注意：当名词表示独一无二的职务、头衔时，作宾补的名词前通常不用冠词。
2. 不定式作宾补时
1)常接带to 的不定式作宾补的动词：ask/ advise / allow / permit/ forbid/ force / expect /
want / wish / cause / warn / tell / order / would like / remind sb (not )to do等。
Our school forbids students to smoke.
Please tell him not to come late.
2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词：hear/ listen to / see / notice / watch / look at /observe/
feel/let / make / have etc等。
The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day in the past.
注意：改为被动时，要加to，let 和have不用于被动语态。
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by her.
3. 现在分词作宾补时
强调宾补的动作正在进行，这类动词常见的有：keep / find / leave / hear / see /
smell / watch / get / send等。
Don’t leave the water running when you brush your teeth.
Polly found herself staring up at a man with his hand resting on her arm.
注意：感官动词用动词原形作宾补表示动作的全过程，用现在分词作宾补表示宾补的动作正在进行。
We often hear Alice sing the ABC song.
The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.
4. 过去分词作宾补时
宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系，能接过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有：get/ have /leave/ make / hear / see / watch / notice等。
I had my hair cut last Sunday.
The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself heard.
He left the door unlocked when he was away.
注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，只表示宾补的动作已完成，不表示被动的意思。
She found her wallet gone.
5. 介词with 的复合结构
It is not good manners to speak with your mouth full.
The city looks more beautiful with all the lights on.
The woman with a baby on her back lives downstairs.
With so much work to do, we can’t kill any time by playing cards.
With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village.
With the problems settled, we all felt very happy.
He died with his daughter a schoolgirl.
6. 宾语补足语中常见的结构
1) have sth done 使(让)某事被......；遭受
have sb/sth doing 使(让)某人/物持续做某事
have sb do sth 使(让)某人做某事
1. I won’t have you _________(stand) the whole day.
2. I’ll have the gardener ______ (plant) some trees.
3. Who would you rather have_______ (post) the letter for you?
4. He had his house ________(paint) last month.
5. --- I’m going to shanghai for holiday.
--- Do you have anything ___________(take) to your son?
2) make sb +n. 使某人成为......
make sb do sth 使某人做某事
make sb/sth done 使某物被.....
1. We made him ______(captain) of our football team.
2. He couldn’t make himself _____ (hear) above the noise of the traffic.
3. What makes the grass_______(grow)?
4. The boy was make _______(work) twelve hours a day.
3) leave sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事
leave sth done 留下...... 被......
catch sb doing sth 逮到某人正在做......
find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做.....
find sth done 发现......被做......
get/set sb doing 使某人做……
1. Don’t leave the water________(run) when you brush your teeth.
2. Polly found herself ________ (stare) up at a man with his hand resting on her arm.
3. He left the door ________ (unlock) when he was away.
4) find/think/consider/make/feel + it +adj./n.+that…/to do…
主谓一致(subject-verb agreement)
一、名词作主语
1. 某些集体名词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。这类集体名词常见的有：family, class, committee, crowd, government, group, team. 表示复数概念的集体名词有cattle，people，police, public。His family is very large.
His family are music lovers.
2. 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反
之，谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), Chinese, Japanese等。Every possible means has been tried out.
All possible means have been tried out.
3. 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等词语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
4. 如果主语有more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是表示复数，但它的谓语
动词仍然用单数形式。
More than one comrade has asked to stay.
Many a passenger was killed in the accident.
5. 由every, each, many a, no等限定的单个主语由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数，后一个
限定词可省略。
Every man and (every) woman is at work.
6. 表示成双成套的名词，（如chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers等，）作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如与a kind of, a pair of, the pair of, a series of 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The trousers are in the drawer.
The pair of shoes is rather expensive.
7. 由kind, form, type, sort, species, series of等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复
数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。
This new type of buses is on show.
比较: Buses of this kind are now on show.
8. one, every one , each one , each , any one, either , neither of +复数名词+单数谓语动词。Neither side of the team is willing to give in.
如果名词词组的中心词是all, most, some, neither, none等词，所指是复数意义，谓
语动词用复数形式；反之用单数。
The rest of the students are watering trees.
The rest of the wine has gone bad.
None of the money has been spent on repairs.
None of the books have/has been placed on the selves.
None has/have arrived. 没有人来。
9. 表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .
The United States is leading the world in science and technology .
10. 一些学科名词是以–ics 结尾，（如mathematics, politics, physics）形式上是复数，实际
为单数的名词。
I think physics is easy to study.
11. 表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布, 运动会等专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。
The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
12. the +adj 表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。
The rich are not always happy.
二、由连接词连接的名词作主语
１. and或both…and连接并列主语，表示不同概念，谓语动词常用复数。
The German and the English language have something in common.
但并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时，即指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词修饰。
War and peace is a constant theme in history.
Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
⑴相关名词并列表示整体概念
iron and steel 钢铁law and order 治安
bread and butter黄油面包coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡
soda and water汽水salt and water盐开水
⑵配套事物
a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a needle and thread针线
A knife and fork is needed for a western meal.The cart and horse(马车) is coming.
⑶表示兼职或有多个称呼的人
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.
⑷两个完全重合的概念并列
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness of all.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
2. 由or, not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but…连接的并列主语，
通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数和与它邻近的主语保持一致。
Either you or I am mad.
Neither you nor he is right.
Not only he but also his family are friendly.
3. 当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, more than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。
Your father as well as you is very kind to me.
You, rather than your teacher, are responsible for your studies.
三、分数、量词作主语
1. “分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, ”构成的短
语作主语时，谓语动词的数与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。
More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.
One third of the students are girls in our group.
注意：a large quantity of 后加复数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的数一般由后面的名词来决定，而(large) quantities of后加复数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。
A large quantity of time is needed.
A large quantity of people are needed here.
Large quantities of food are needed in the village.
2. a great deal of / a large amount of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但large amounts of 修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway.
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
3. a number of＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数：
the number of＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
A number of students are going for a picnic this weekend.
The number of days in February this year is 28.
4. one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但该短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
a/an+n+and a half作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
One and a half bananas has been eaten by the child.
An hour and a half is enough.
四、动名词、不定式短语和从句作主语
动名词、不定式短语和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
Smoking is bad for health.
When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.
what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What we need is more time.
What we need are good teachers.
五、其它
1) 倒装结构中主谓一致
Between the two windows hangs a picture.
2) 强调结构中主谓一致
It is Mike who always helps me study English after class.
趁热打铁
一、宾语补足语练习
1. I’ll g o to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to your father?
A. to take
B. taken
C. to be taken
D. being taken
2. The salesman scolded the girl caught and let her off.
A. to have stolen
B. to be stealing
C. to steal
D. stealing
3. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had went wrong again.
A. it
B. it repaired
C. repaired
D. to be repaired
4. The students expected to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.
A. there
B. it
C. that
D. one
5. When he returned years later, he found his hometown completely.
A. to change
B. changed
C. changing
D. change
6. Peter wanted his TV , but his wife would rather have it .
A. fixed, thrown
B. to be fixed, be thrown
C. fixed, throwing
D. fixing, throwing
7. With leaves in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A. falling, burying
B. fallen, buried
C. fallen, burying
D. falling, buried
8. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound .
A. expose
B. exposed
C. to expose
D. exposing
9. Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held
B. to hold
C. holding
D. hold
10. the room, the nurse found the tape recorder ______.
A. Entering; stealing
B. Entering; gone
C. To have entered; being stolen
D. Having entered; to be stolen
11. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him .
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do
D. do not to
12. Who do you think you’d like with you, a boy or a girl?
A. to have go
B. to have to go
C. to have gone
D. having to go
13. Anyone bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.
A. seen carry
B. seen carrying
C. seeing to carry
D. seeing carrying
14. The accident is said by the thick darkness and the snow on the road.
A. to be causing
B. to have been caused
C. being caused
D. to be caused
15. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.
A. carry out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
16. Though he had often made his little sister , today he was made by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry
B. crying; crying
C. cry; cry
D. to cry; cry
17. They would not allow him across the enemy line.
A.to risk going
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going
18. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience on benches, chairs or
boxes.
A. having seated
B. seated
C. seating
D. having been seated
19. You had better get a doctor your bad tooth.
A.pull out
B. to pull out
C. pulled out
D. pulling out
20. He managed to make himself with his English.
A. understand; breaking
B. understand; broken
C. understood; breaking
D. understood; broken
21. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head deep in arms.
A. bury
B. to bury
C. buried
D. burying
22. She wondered who forgot to leave the fresh fruits and vegetables .
A. cover
B. covering
C. to be covered
D. covered
23. Finally they reached an agreement, with .
A. every concerned student
B. every student was concerned
C. every student concerned
D. all the concerned students
24. The flu is believed by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose
and throat.
A. causing
B. being caused
C. to be caused
D. to have been caused
25. Who did the boss ____ his car this time?
A. make wash
B. make to wash
C. make washing
D. making to wash
二、主谓一致练习
1. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
2. One third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens
black people.
A. is；are
B. is；is
C. are；are
D. are；is
3. John as well as the other staff members who working with this world-famous company
to attend its 100th anniversary.
A. is；is
B. is；are
C. are；is
D. are；are
4. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，however，some difficult to understand．
A. are；is
B. is；is
C. are；are
D. is：are
5. The population of the city from less than half a million in 1949 to over two million.
A. have increased
B. has improved
C. have improved
D. has increased 6．While a huge amount of money been spent stopping pollution，large quantities of water ______ still heavily polluted.
A. have；is
B. has；are
C. have；are
D. has；has
7. An average of about 100 e-mails a week received. Such the case with Martin at present.
A. are; are
B. is; is
C. is; are D, are; is
8. So far as I know, more than one person connected with the accident.
A. is
B. has
C. are
D. have
9. The number of people in the world about 6 billion and large quantities of waste _
each year.
A. totals; has been produced
B. totals; is produced
C. totals; are produced
D. total; are being produced
10．What the remote areas need most education to children and what the children need good textbooks at the moment.
A. was; were
B. are; is
C. is; are
D. were; was
11. —Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me to send money to…. .
— Delete it! It's a trick. Many a person by such tricks.
A. has been cheated
B. have been cheated
C. were cheated
D. was cheated
12. We each strong points and each of us, on the other hand, ________ weak points.
A. have; has
B. have; have
C. has; have
D. has; has
13. Peter as well as the other children who no parents good care of in the village.
A. have; is being taken
B. has; have been taken
C. have; has taken
D. has; is taken
14. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday still .
A. are remained to decide
B. is remaining to decide
C. remain to be decided
D. remains to be decided
15. No one in the department but Tom and I that the director is going to resign.
A. knows
B. know
C. have known
D. am to know
16. Whisky and soda his favorite drink.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. have been
17. A large quantity of information, as well as some timely help since the organization
was built.
A. has offered
B. has been offered
C. have been offered
D. is offered
18. At the bus stop a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. sits
19. The Olympic Games in the year 2016 in Rio de Janeiro, which known to us all.
A. is to hold; is
B. is to be held; was
C. are to hold; is
D. are to be held; is
20. The White family very large. All the family animal lovers.
A. is; are
B. is; is
C. are; is
D. are; are
21. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
22. Mathematics _______ the language of science.
A. are
B. are going to be
C. is
D. is to be
23. “All _____ present and all ______ going on well,” our teacher said.
A. is; is
B. are ; is
C. are ; are
D. is ; are
24. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A. was
B. were
C. have been
D. would be
25. ______ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming?
A. Are
B. Is
C. Do
D. Does
参考答案
宾补CDCAB / ABBCB /AABBC/ AABBD/CDCDA
主谓一致DACDD/BBACC/AAADA/ ABADA/ACBAA
英语主谓一致精讲精练
英语主谓一致 一）主谓一致的种类 1．语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如： The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2．意义上一致 1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。 2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。 3．就近原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如： Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用 1．名词作主语 1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如： His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。 名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd) of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。 2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如： The police are searching for the thief. 3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctor’s is across the street. My uncle’s is not far from here. 常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。 表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如： Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell. 5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如： Three years has passed since then. 6）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 7）如果主语有more than on e…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如： More members than one are against your plan. 8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： A pair of shoes was on the desk. 9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词
宾补+主谓一致讲解
M3 Unit 3 Grammar and Usage 宾语补足语 一．英语的五种基本句型结构： ①S 十V 主谓结构He runs quickly．他跑得快。 ②S 十V 十P 主系表结构The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 ③S 十V 十O 主谓宾结构They built a house last year．他们去年建了一所房子。 ④S 十V 十O1十O2主谓双宾结构He offered me his seat/ his seat to me．他把座位让给我。 ⑤S 十V 十O 十 C 主谓宾宾补结构 They found her happy that day．他们发现那天她很高兴。 I found him out．我发现他出去了。 They named the boy Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 I saw him come in and go out．我见他进来又出去。 They felt the car moving fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 He found the door of study closed to him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 说明： S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语二．宾语补足语： 1、定义：The object complement gives more information about the object.顾名思义，宾补是补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。 2、使用场合：Verb + object + object complement 3、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有： (1). 名词： We made him our monitor. They thought this good advice. They named their daughter Jenny. 注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词。 They elected John chairman of the committee. (2). 形容词： You should keep your room clean and tidy. We’d better leave the door open. We found the ruins most interesting. (3). 介词短语 He left his bag in the office. We found ourselves in the middle of a desert. (4). 副词 He opened the window to let the fresh air in. I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday. (5). 现在分词： I’m sorry to have you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in. (6). 过去分词： When he wake up, he found himself tied to a tree. He raised his voice to make himself heard. I had my watch repaired yesterday. (7). 不定式或省略to 的不定式 My mother allowed me to play games for a while. Can you make your car park over there? 注：(1).使用不定式作宾语补足语时，五看（see, watch, notice, observe, look at）三使（make, let, have）两听（listen to, hear）一感觉（feel）后接省略to 的不定式 (2).help 一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。 4、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。值得注意的是：think, find, consider,
l主谓一致讲解最全面主谓一致讲解
主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉
主主谓一致精讲(超详细)北京四中文档,内部参考
主谓一致 主谓一致是高一下学期的一个语法专项。对于这一语法的掌握大部分靠理解后的记忆。关键要找准主语，再看其句式结构，按照规则办事。另外，对于作主语的名词还要分清是可数名词还是不可数名词。下面我们就这一语法内容进行讲解。 谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称、数上保持一致，叫主谓一致。处理主谓一致问题可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。 一、语法上一致： 谓语和主语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式，主语为复数，谓语也为复数形式。 A、谓语用单数的情况 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时。 例：The boy is clever enough to study maths well. To work hard is necessary. Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language. Whether she comes or not is of no matter. 2、由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。 例：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education. No teacher and no student is going to take part in such a boring game. 3、主语是单数，其后尽管有as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等起连接作用的词语带其他名词，谓语动词仍用单数。 例：The teacher as well as the students likes this painting. 4、某些不定代词，如either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, every body, every one, everything, nobody, no one, nothing.等，当它们作主语时，通常用单数。 5、many a +单名，谓语用单数。 例：Many a student is coming. 6、the number of+复数名词，谓语用单数，中心词是number。 二、意义一致：
主谓一致用法详解及练习题 附答案
．主谓一致 主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则，即：语法一致原则；意义一致原则和就近原则。 1.语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，如： Tom doesn’t like swimming. 汤姆不喜欢游泳。 Jane and Mary look alike. 简和玛丽看起来很像。 2.意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语的一致，同由主语所表达的单数概念来决定，而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。 有时主语的语法形式是单数，但所表达的概念是复数意义，这时动词应采用复数形式，如： The football team are having breakfast now. 足球队员们在吃早饭。 The news was exciting. 这条消息令人振奋。 3.就近原则 就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either...or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, or 等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致，如： Either your students or Mr Wang knows this. 你的学生们或王老师知道这件事。 Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film. 汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣。 主谓一致这三个原则中有很多需要注意的问题， 1.主语为集体名词 (1)某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。如果集体名词作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一 个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式，如： Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论。（group 指小组成员）Our group is made up of four girls and five boys. 我们小组有4个女孩和5个男孩组成。（group 指小组整体） The population in China is very large, and one third of the population are farmers. 中国的人口很多，其中三分之一是农民。（前一个population 指整体，后一个population 指成员） (2)某些集体名词如people, police, cattle, youth 等常作复数看待，谓语动词与复数形式的谓语搭配，如： The police are searching for him. 警察正在搜寻他。 The cattle were driven away from the hill. 那些牲畜从山上被赶走了。 3.某些名词如equipment（设备），furniture（家具），jewelry（珠宝），clothing（衣服），machinery（机械），表示单数 概念，谓语动词要相应地采用单数形式,如： A lot of equipment has been replaced by the new equipment. 许多旧设备已经被新设备代替了。 All the machinery in the factory was controlled by robots. 这个厂所有的机械都由机器人来控制的。 2.主语为代词 (1)．有些代词尽管意义上是多数，但谓语动词要用单数形式，这类代词有：either, neither, each, another, somebody, someone, something, anything, anyone, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody 等，如： Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。 Everything around us is matter. 我们周围所有的东西都是物质。 注意： ①在neither of 与either of 的结构中，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，如： Neither of them was / were in good health, but both worked hard. 他们俩身体都不好，但工作却都很努力。 ②each 用于单数名词前，谓语动词用单数形式, each 用于复数主语后，谓语动词用复数形式。each of, each one of 后 接复数名词或代词，但谓语动词常用单数形式。 Each (one) of the houses was different. 每座房子都不同。 Each student has been given their own e-mail address. 每个学生都得到了一个自己的电子邮件地址。
语文基础知识主谓宾定状补
主谓宾定状补 牛吃草 小牛吃嫩草 小牛喜欢吃嫩草 语文中的主谓宾定状补汉语中一个完整的句子，其句子成分的排列顺序如下：（定语）主语+（状语）谓语（补语）+（定语）宾语（补语） 由这个顺序可以看到： 定语是在名词或名词性短语（成分主要是主语和宾语）前对其进行修饰和限制的成分， 状语是在谓语（包括动词和动词性短语及形容词和形容词性短语）前对其修饰和限制的成分。 例： 1定语：我的书美丽的花（以上两个句子中“我”和“美丽”是定语。） 2状语：狠狠地打多么美丽（以上两个句子中“狠狠”和“多么”是状语）从形式上看，定语和中心词之间用“的”字，状语和中心词之间用“地” 字，这是标志。 主语：谓语陈述的对象，指出谓语说的是“谁”，或 者“什么” 谓语：是陈述主语的。 主语和谓语之间是陈述关系。 例：1.他的态度很坚决 2.我们车间已经完成了全年的生产任务 3.经他手做成的大小事情数不清 4.书是人类进步的阶梯 宾语：表示人、物或事情，是动作所支配、所涉及 的对象。 定语：处于宾语前，表示动作行为，是支配、涉及 后面的宾语的成分。 例：我们车间已经完成了全年的生产任务。 “完成了”是定语，在前。 “全年的生产任务”是宾语，在后。 补语：是动词，形容词性短语里中心语后面的补充成分。 例：经他的手做成的大小事情，<数不清>。 “数”是中心语，“不清”是补语 院子干净得,<很>。 “干净”是中心语，“很”就是补语。
句法成分句法成分成对发生的关系举例 主语谓语陈述关系（主谓）他做了动语宾语支配或涉及关系（动宾）做作业 定语中心语修饰限制关系（定中）数学作业 状语中心语修饰限制关系（状中）都做了 中心语补语补充说明关系（中补）做完了 （注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。可复制、编制，期待你的好评与关注）
主谓一致与宾语补足语练习题学习资料
主谓一致与宾语补足 语练习题
精品文档 主谓一致单选题 1. The old ____well looked after by the government in China. A. is B. are C. has been D. was 2. The secretary and manager ____very busy now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting. A. has B. have C. are D. was 4. Tom as well as two of his classmates __invited to the party. A. was B. were C. have been D. had been 5. Either you or I _____going to the teachers' office after class. A. am B. is C. are D. will 6. Most of his spare time ____spent in reading. A. are B. were C. was D. have been 7. This is one of the best novels that ____appeared this year. A.have been B. has C. had been D. have 8. Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum. A.are B. is C. were D. have 9. About 20 percent of the work ____done yesterday. A. are B. is C. were D . was 10. Mr Smith， together with his children， ____arrived. A.are B. has C. is D. have 11. It ____I who _____leaving for London. A.is…is B. am…is C. is…am D. am…am 12. Not only Tom but also his wife ____fond of watching television. A. are B. were C. be D. is 13. When and where to build the new factory ____yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest ______. A. are difficult B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult 15. That they were wrong in these matters _____ now clear to us all. A. is B. was C. are D. were 16. Half of his goods ____ stolen the other day. A. are B. were C. is D. was 17. Mathematics ____the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 18. Each of the students _____ a Chinese-English dictionary. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are 19. They each ____ a beautiful handkerchief. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are 20. Between the two rows of trees _____the teaching building. A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are 21. This pair of shoes ____made in Nanjing. A.is B. are C. have been D. had been 22. No one except my parents _____anything about it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known 23. A number of students _____from the south. A. are B. is C. have D. has 24. The number of students from the north ____small. A.are B. is C. have D. has 25. Writing stories and articles _____what I enjoy most， A.is B. are C. was D. were 26. His "Selected Poems" _____first published in 1965. A.were B. was C. has been D. are 27. Miss Smith is a friend of ______. A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother C. Mother's of Mary D. Mary mother's 28. A good deal of money ____spent on books. A. have B. has C. have been D. has been 29. On the wall _____ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 30. _____turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves 31. Father went to his doctor for ____about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices 32. All but one ____here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 33. The number of people invited _____fifty， but a number of them _____absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 34. The air in big cities _____very dirty by factories. A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made 35. Nobody ____to smoke in the cinema. A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allowed 36. The Chinese people _____hard-working and brave. A. are B. is C. has been D. are being 37. ____can be done _____been done. A. All; have B. All that; have C. All; has D. All that; has 38. John has two brothers， but either ____out of work now. A. are B. is C. has D. have 39. The police ____the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching 40. Apples of this kind ____. A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
高考英语 第十五章 主谓一致知识精讲
英语中的主谓一致 [知识精讲] 主谓一致是指： 一、语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 ●I often help him and he often helps me. ●We often help each other and learn from each other. 二、意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 1）主语形式虽然为单数，意义为复数的，谓语动词用复数。有些集体名词可为单数也可为复数，主要依据意思而定：如果指整体用单数，如果指这个集体中的个体时则用复数。 ●His family is not very large.（他的“家”是指整体） ●His family are all music lovers.（他的“家人”是指家里的个体） 注意: 集体名词中有一类只当复数看待的词,或者我们只把它们看作复数的词,那么它们的谓语只能用复数,象:cattle,folk,people,police,youth等等,这里要提一下的是people这个词,如果它所表示的是民族的话,那么它的谓语就用单数. 2）主语形式为复数，而意义上为单数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单的词有：news,works，trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissors和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称以及以ics 结尾的学科名称等。 ●Physics is a difficult subjiect. ●Her glasses are new. 但是当这类词前有a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词应用单数形式。 ●This pair of pants is fit for me. 三、就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 1、并列结构作主语时。 1）由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数 ●The iron and steel industry is very important. ●The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. 2）当each...and each...;every...and every...;no...and no...;many a.. and many a...结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ●Ｎo man and no animal is to be found on the moon. ●Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. 3）由not only…but also…; neither…nor…; either…or…并列两个主语时，谓语动词和就近的保持一致 ●Not only the students but also the teacher wants to see the film.
宾语补足语与主谓一致
宾语补足语与主谓一致 教学目标： 1.掌握宾语补足语和在语境中运用宾语补足语 2. 掌握主谓一致。 宾语补足语 一．英语的五个基本句型结构： S 十V 主谓结构He runs quickly．他跑得快。 S 十V 十P 主系表结构The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 S 十V 十O 主谓宾结构They built a house last year．他们去年建了一所房子。 1 2 ．他把座位让给我。 They found her happy that day．他们发现那天她很高兴。 I found him out．我发现他出去了。 They named the boy Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 I saw him come in and go out．我见他进来又出去。 They felt the car moving fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 He found the door of study closed to him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 说明： S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语 二．宾语补足语： 1．定义：The object complement gives more information about the object.顾名思义，宾补是补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。 2．使用场合：Verb + object + object complement 3,可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有： (1)、： We made him our monitor. They thought this good advice. They named their daughter Jenny. 注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词。 They elected John chairman of the committee. (2)、： You should keep your room clean and tidy. We’d better leave the door open. We found the ruins most interesting. (3).
初中英语主谓一致语法讲解
初中英语主谓一致语法讲解 （名师总结必考语法知识，值得下载） 1.定义：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，同时主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 2.什么叫语法一致原则？ 指当主语是单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式，当主语是复数形式时，谓语用复数形式。 例如：Mike________（is / are）a good student. 迈克是个好学生。Mike为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单数。 The children often ________（plays / play）football on the playground. 孩子们经常在操场上踢足球。 children为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。 3.什么叫意义一致原则？ 指主语形式上为单数，但所表达的意义为复数，因此谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：My family ________（is / are）having lunch now. 我们一家人
现在正吃午饭。 Family指一家人，所以谓语用复数。 Twenty dollars ________（is / are）too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 Twenty dollars这里是一个单独的个体，所以意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。 4.什么叫就近一致原则？ 指谓语动词的单复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。 例如：Not only the teacher but also his students ________（like / likes）playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 Like前面的主语为students,故根据就近原则谓语动词用复数形式。 There ________（is / are）a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 Be动词后面靠近它的是a pen,所以谓语动词用单数形式。 5.常见用法： 1）主语为单数名词或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为
主谓一致的讲解最全面的主谓一致的讲解
创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 主谓一致的讲解 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 法规制定