2015年10月31日托福写作预测

2015年10月31日托福写作预测
2015年10月31日托福写作预测

2015年10月31日托福写作预测

综合写作

1.阅读:越来多的人对在大公司上班失去了兴趣,转而自己开公司

(self-employed):

[1]大公司上班有太多bureaucracy,难以实现自己的idea。

[2]大公司上班工作稳定感不如从前。

[3]大公司最近几年不提供extra benefits,比如退休金,更低的医疗保险。听力里驳斥

[1]自己开公司要面对的手续会更多。

[2]自己开公司明显更有风险,稳定感不强。

[3]自己开公司extra benefits 更没有保证。

2.lecture讲英国的written book Pearl Poet真正作者到底是谁,因为只有一个署名儿在这书中的一个poem的title下面叫什么P. 文章就开猜了,有三种可能性。

[1]第1个被认为可能的人John Massey,因为流传下来的他们作品handwriting 是一样的;

[2]第2个是Hugh,因为H的其中一首poem描写的region和书中一手叫什么骑士Knight的描写地方一样

[3]第3种猜测是那四首诗一个collection,Pearl Poet是一堆人。

听力部分反驳:

[1]第一个理由,过去的作品都是靠copy传播的,原版被reproduce很多次。所以人们看到的可能只是同一个人手抄copy original的书,不能表明作者相同;

[2]第二个理由,教授说不是他因为诗使用的dialect不同。这俩个人处于的地方,会有不同口音dialect,所以那种修辞在不同口音的情况下是;

[3]像词语vocabulary的用法啥都是重复那么多次频率这高肯定一个人写,不可能有很多人collection都有这些unique的

3.【新型灯泡CFL】文章说推行新型灯泡( CFL)替换老灯泡的政策不好.给了3点理由:

1太贵.2有污染.3光对眼睛不好

教授反驳:

1虽然贵但是耐用,算总成本还是CFL灯便宜

2用旧灯泡发电需要煤和水银,会造成更多污染

3老的CFL灯有这个问题,但是新的CFL灯己经phosphor混合了.所以光不单调了,对眼睛好了.

4.【The Hohokam】人类的灭绝原因

阅读:

[1]其灌规系统含有alkaline water,土地遂不孕不育;

[2]因为Hohokam砍伐一种树砍太多,而这种tree是很多动物依赖生存的,所以森林里面的物种消失,而这些动物呢又是人依赖生存的meat,于是人类没东西吃;

[3]受到外来者(NAVAJO GROUPS)入侵所以灭亡,有找到fence可以证明。

听力:

[1]he Hohokam有休耕的概念,加上雨水冲刷,所以土地应该可以在几年后变得肥沃;再说在那以前1000年他们一直用得好好的,咋就一下没了?

[2]种树生长很快,只用木材来生火和盖房子的古人是用不完的。

[3]乏明确证据,有工事不等于有战争,也许只是预防而己;再说没有其他关于战争的遗迹留下。

5.【RED RAIN】关于Kerala下了2个月red rain的三个原因阅读文章要点:1. volcanic eruption; 2. meteoric explosion; 3. spores oflichens;

听力逐一反驳:

[1]山灰可能造成red rain,但是不大可能会造成这么长时间的red rain,因为和一般的雨差不多,而且雨水成分中没有火山喷发物;

[2]是流星爆炸造成的,则云的面积会larger,而且云会飘走,雨应该还会下在Kerala以外的其他地方;

[3]子一般不会飞到那么高的地方去,即使可以的话,理论上来说要造成2个月之久的红色雨,在发生前地面上应该有大量的红色lichens,可是市民都没有看到这种现象。

6.【美国甲壳虫】阅读:American Burying beetles大量减少的三个可能的原因/理论。

[1] 农民使用poisonous pesticide

[2] 这种beetle的生活模式需要完整的habitat,人为的环境改造,使得环境破碎,fragmentation of habitat or Discontinuity 造成其灭绝

[3] 现提出这种beetle有一个特性,可以嗅到很远地方的食物,然后在底下找食物,但是竞争不过scavenger mammal,所以大量灭绝。

听力:教授反驳。

[1] 从pesticide的使用时间来看,根本就不是杀虫剂引起这个问题的。美国的northeastern 地区在使用pesticide之前就有beetle's loss发生,而在Middle West,大面积使用pesticide的二十年内,这种beetles都存在,所以使用农药和该虫灭绝没有必然关系。

[2]有些跟其生活模式差不多的beetle没有灭绝,他们同样受到fragmentation of habitat,却没有灭绝,同为相近的beetle,不可能只作用于这种虫,可见并不是其引起的。

[3] reading忽略了这种beetle另外一种特性,他可以在发现食物之后释放一种气味chemical smell,防止(block)其他动物对食物的探寻,他具有这样的优势,不可能竞争不过那些scavengers。

7.阅读说bee 在200 million years 前就存在了的观点受到质疑,理由:1 没化石。没花食物。化石结构可能不是bee 的。speaker 反驳1,没有化石是因为那时候没树,无法preserve 化石。2. bee 不是一定要feed on 花的,也可以是pine tree 什么的。3.通过化学物质可以断定石那就是bee 的

8.文章是讲的关于Harappan civilization decline 的原因三个假说。第一个是受到游牧民族nomadic tribe 入侵。第二个是气候变化导致农业垮了,没有食物。

第三个是水源被污造成一种通过传播的流行病,所以就搬迁听力反驳:

第一个是当时H文明的地盘很大large scale large scale 游牧民族虽然打了他几个地区但是还不至于导致他decline 。

第二个是同时期的埃及文明和另一种样遭受了气候变化但都调整农业有surplus 的food 。所以H也不可能因为气候变化而decline 。第三个是H人都是出色的工程师,他们创造了先进的水系统可以防止疾病通过水传播。

9.阅读:讲要meet the demand of energy.—个国家应该采用核能发电,但是有些批评者反对。

(1).Safety ,说如果core overheat的话会辐射外泄造成对环境生态及人类危害;

(2).Cost,说核能发电厂一间大约要2?5 billion,比起其他的发电费贵,举例子说了oil和coal;

(3).有othertechnology,比如风力发电;

听力:女教授反驳了。

(1).就新技术pebblebed reactor,可以控温,当热量超出regular时会slow work以保持normaltemperature,不会有危险;

(2).虽然核能电碍造价比较贵,但是轴便宜相之下煤或石油发薇虽然核能电碍造价比较贵,但是轴便宜相之下煤或石油发薇虽然核能电碍造价比较贵,但是轴便宜相之下煤或石油发薇虽然核能电碍造价比较贵,但是轴便宜相之下煤或石油发薇虽然核能电碍造价比较贵,但是轴便宜相之下煤或石油发薇虽然核

能电碍造价比较贵,但是轴便宜相之下煤或石油发薇宜但是燃料贵,不见得比较省;

(3).风力发电不稳定unprecedented,换句话说notreliable,因此需要其他的发电废当backup,所以还不如用,所以还不如用nuclear呢。

10.阅读:natural gas 的缺点

(1)不够干净,会排放温室气体

(2)会有大量的废水

(3)噪音和光影响小区

听力:反驳。

(1)现在风太阳能并不很好的利用,且天然气也没有产生那么多温室体最起码比煤少多了

(2)采天然气产生打大量的废水已经有了处理办法,可以排到很深地下这样就不会污染饮用水

(3)关于噪音和光污染,其实天然气产业带来了更多的好处,比如增加就业。税收、促进小区发展。

独立写作

1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important things people learn are from their families.

2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The more money people have, the more they should give away to charity.

3.Is it as important for older people to study or learn new things as it is foryounger people?

4.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to succeed in doing

a new job, the ability to adapt oneself to the new environment is more important than the excellent knowledge of this job.

5.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to attract good students, a university should spend a lot of money funding social activities.

6.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

7.Do you agree of disagree with the following statement? It is important to know what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect your personal lives.

8.Students should take many classes or just three to four classes in onesemester.

9.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The car (automobile) has had greater effect to society than the airplane has to.

10.Do you agree or disagree that: Spending time alone is the truly best way to relax the stress.

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