教参3第9课Final
Unit 9 Music
Useful Information
Music is a universal language. It influences people from all cultures, educational levels, and socioeconomic background. It relates to our work, our play, and our relationships with one another. It can make us dance, it can even help us fall in love.
The oldest music is probably vocal music. Almost every culture has work songs, lullabies, love songs, and ballads in its folk music. Singing and dancing have always gone together for people of all ages.
Eventually instrumental music emerged. Some instruments, such as the drum, are very old. Other instruments, such as the electronic keyboard, are very new. Even the piano is quite new compared to the flute or the lute.
Music can be performed individually or in groups. Individual vocalists are called soloists. Groups are called duets, trios, quartets, choruses, choirs, etc. Instrumental groups are called ensembles, bands, or orchestras. Vocalists can perform with instrumental accompaniment, or they may perform a capella（无器乐伴奏地）.
The main components of music are melody, harmony, and rhythm. The melody is sometimes called the tune. It consists of the notes that the lead musicians would perform in a group. Harmony is provided by the supporting musicians, or by the extra notes on a keyboard. Rhythm is provided by percussion instruments（打击乐器）, by counting the notes in each measure, or by such simple methods as clapping or tapping one’s feet.
Until the invention of recordings, music was usually performed live to small audiences. But now we have tapes and CDs of all sorts, and recorded music is one of the most popular radio formats. With modern technology, live concerts can now be performed with huge audiences in auditoriums or stadiums. All of these technical innovations have tended to increase the role of music in modern life, and to diversify the nature of music itself.
Today we still have opera, classical music and folk music, which are just as influential as ever. Every student of music must be familiar with Bach1, Beethoven2 and Mozart3, while every anthropologist should pay some attention to the folk songs of various cultures. But now we also have pop music, rock music, country music, soul music, jazz, blues, and many other kinds. Patriotic music, religious music, and military music are just as important as ever. In addition we now have the movies as a medium for the dissemination of music. Some of the most successful contemporary music, such as the theme song from “Titanic,” now originates in the movies.
Space does not p ermit the comparison of many cultures. So let’s look at American music (compare this with Chinese music). The earliest American music was folk music brought by British and European people from their homelands. Work songs, love ballads, and religious songs are several types of folk music from the early period. The love songs are often sad, ending in death for one or both lovers. During and after the Civil War new types of songs became popular, such as soldier songs and campfire songs. As settlers moved westward they took these songs with them and added new words. In the 1890s ragtime（散拍乐） appeared, and helped create jazz. These are uniquely American types of music. The 1920s were considered the Jazz Age, during which white composers like George Gershwin4borrowed themes from black musicians and created a national musical trend. In the 1930s and 1940s the Big Bands5 played jazz and swing music, and ballroom dancing became popular. Meanwhile blues songs and spirituals appealed to the less
affluent blacks, and radio stations emerged. Live music on the radio was eventually replaced by recorded music, beginning during World War II when the Big Bands were broken up by military service and gasoline shortages. After the war disc jockeys emerged. Some appealed to whites and featured recordings of the Big Bands or singers like Frank Sinatra6. Others appealed to blacks and featured blues or spirituals. In the 1950s disc jockeys discovered a new market: teenagers. For the first time young people had money of their own to spend on radios, records, and other entertainments. Elvis Presley7took some black blues songs he’d heard on the radio, recorded them for white audiences, and became the first big rock star. But the phrase “rock and roll” can be found in earlier black recordings. The 1960s started with rock, but soon folk music made a big comeback. Bob Dylan8 was important in both, and cannot be classified as one or the other. In the 1970s country music began to be popular outside the South, and its popularity is still growing today. But the disco trend of the 1970s barely lasted into the 1980s. Today’s pop music is a mixture of rock, folk, blues, disco, and country. It’s often hard to say which is which. Mariah Carey9 sounds a lot like Whitney Houston10, though their musical backgrounds are very different. John Denver11 moved from folk to country, and Bob Dylan has added country and blues to his folk and rock.
Notes
1. Johann Sebastian Bach / / (1685-1750) was a German musician and composer of the baroque period (1550-1750), one of the best known and most admired of all time, famous for his organ music.
2. Ludwig Van Beethoven / / (1770-1827) was a German composer of the early romantic period (1800-1900), one of the best known and most admired composers of all time, who continued writing music after he became unable to hear at the age of 30. Among the most famous of his many works were the Fifth Symphony and the Emperor Concerto.
3. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart / / (1756-1791) was an Austrian composer whose works included 41 symphonies, piano concertos and operas. Mozart began to compose music before he was five years old and performed throughout Europe as a child.
4. George Gershwin / / (1898-1937) was an American composer known especially for his opera Porgy and Bess and his jazz music such as Rhapsody in Blue. His brother Gestalt Gershwin (1896-1983) wrote the words for many of his popular songs.
5. Big Bands were the jazz bands and swing bands of the 1930s and 1940s, e.g., Benny Goodman, Harry James, Glenn Miller, the Dorsey brothers, and Duke Ellington.
6. Frank Sinatra / / (1915-1998) was an American popular music singer and film actor. He first became successful as a singer with Big Bands in the 1940s. One of his most famous songs was My Way. He was one of the best-known and most successful popular singers of the 20th century, and was sometimes called “Old Blue Eyes” by people who liked him very much. People sometime s joke that someone has “retired more times than Frank Sinatra,” because Sinatra had said that he was retiring several times but had always returned to making public performances.
7. Elvis Presley / / (1935-1977) was an American singer and guitar player who made rock and roll (later called rock) popular in the 1950s. From 1956-1963, he was the most successful and influential person in popular music. He was sometimes called “Elvis the Pelvis” because of the way he moved the lower half of his body during his performances. His many
successful records included Heartbreak Hotel and Don’t be Cruel, and he also appeared in films including Loving You and G I Blues.
8. Bob Dylan / / (1941- ) is an American singer and songwriter who was a great influence on popular music in the 1960s. His early songs were often protest songs, on the subjects of war and the civil rights movement in America, and many young people were influenced by the words of his songs, e.g., Blowin’ In The Wind and The Times They Are A-Changin’.
9. Mariah Carey / /(1970- ) is an American pop singer who writes much of her own material such as Hero and sings with a lilting sultry voice.
10. Whitney Houston / / (1963- ) is an American popular music singer who became one of the most successful singers in the late 1980s, selling millions of records in Britain and the U.S. She sounds similar to Mariah Carey, competes with her for the status of No.1 female pop star, and also acts occasionally in movies.
11. John Denver / / (1943-1997) was an American singer and writer of popular music. His many famous songs included Annie’s song and Rocky Mountain High. He started in folk music, later switched to country/pop, and also did some acting. He was perhaps best known in the U.S. for romantic ballads like Annie’s song, but was known in China as a country singer.
Part One
Preparation
1. Contest -- See Who Can Name the Most
Lists for reference:
1) Musical instruments: piano, violin, viola, cello, mouth organ, flute, saxophone, guitar, drum,
trumpet, accordion, electronic keyboard, oboe, clarinet, harp;
2) Well-known composers: Beethoven, Bach, Mozart, Gershwin, Chopin, Strauss, Brahms,
Schubert, Debussy, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Haydn, Liszt, Tschaikovsky, Dvorak, Verdi, Vivaldi;
3) Varieties of music: classical, country, light, jazz, blues, heavy metal, soul, spiritual (religious),
rock, pop, folk, rap, ballad, swing, sonata, symphony, patriotic, military.
4) Ways that music can be performed: individually (solo) or in groups (duet, trio, quartet, chorus,
choir, etc.).
2 Word Puzzle
Suggestion: The students are encouraged to refer to Activity 1 while doing this puzzle. （The first line can be PIANO too.）
3 Sing Along
1) MOON RIVER
Moon River, wider than a mile,
I’m crossing you in style some day.
You dream maker; you heart breaker,
wherever you’re going, I’m going your way.
Two drifters, off to see the world,
there’s such a lot of world to see.
We’re after the same rainbow’s end,
waiting round the bend.
My huckleberry friend, Moon River, and me.
2) Changing Partners
We were waltzing together
To a dreamy melody
When they called out
Changing partners
And you waltzed away from me
Now my arms feel so empty
As I gaze around the floor
And I’ll keep on
Changing partners
Till I hold you once more
Though we danced for one moment
And too soon we had to part
In that wonderful moment
Something happened to my heart
So I’ll keep on
Changing partners
Till you are in my arms
And then oh my darling
I’ll never change partners again
3) Let It Be
When I find myself in times of trouble
Mother Mary comes to me
Speaking words of wisdom,
Let it be.
And in my hour of darkness
She is standing right in front of me,
Speaking words of wisdom,
Let it be. (Repeat)
Whisper words of wisdom, let it be.
And when the broken-hearted people
Living in the world agree
There will be an answer,
Let it be.
For though they may be parted
There is still a chance that they will see,
There will be an answer,
Let it be. (Repeat)
There will be an answer, let it be.
And when the night is cloudy,
There is still a light that shines on me,
Shine until tomorrow,
Let it be.
I wake up to the sound of music
Mother Mary comes to me
Speaking words of wisdom,
Let it be. (Repeat)
There will be an answer, let it be.
Part Two
Reading-Centered Activities
In-Class Reading
Pre-Reading
1.
1) When and where do you listen to music?
Samples
When I am studying;
-- am working;
-- am doing homework;
-- feel happy;
-- feel sad;
-- feel lonely;
-- am going to sleep;
-- go jogging;
-- am doing monotonous jobs.
When I am at home;
-- in the dormitory;
-- in the classroom;
-- in a bus/train/car, etc.;
-- on the way to class.
2) What function does music play in our daily lives?
It creates a nice atmosphere for work, study, conversation, etc.;
-- cheers someone up when they feel sad;
-- puts people in the right mood;
-- eases one’s mind in difficult situations;
-- makes one’s mind work more efficiently and responds more quickly.
Passage Reading
Words, Phrases and Grammatical Points
1.warn (l.3)
The word “warn” can be used in the phrases “warn somebody of something,” “warn somebody to do something” and “warn somebody off/against (doing) something.” It can also be followed by a clause.
e.g. I) Doctors are not doing enough to warn the public of the dangers of these pain-killing drugs. II) The AA is warning drivers not to travel today unless their journeys are absolutely necessary.
III) I was warned against/off going to the east coast because it was so full of tourists.
IV) When I had my first baby, friends warned me that children were expensive.
2.result in (l. 6) and result from
“Result in” means “make something happen,” while “result from” means “be the cause of something.”
e.g.I)Carelessness usually results in mistakes.
II) His difficulty in walking results from a childhood disease.
3.beyond(l. 8)
It means “outside or after (a stated limit)”.
e.g. I) Few people live beyond the age of a hundred.
II) This work could take us into the year 2000 and beyond.
III) She had been learning to swim for four years but had not yet progressed beyond the beginner’s stage.
4.subject… to(l. 18) and subject to
The word subject in “subject…to” is a verb and an adjective in “be subject to”. “Subject (somebody or something) to something” means “cause (somebody or something) to experience something, especially something unpleasant”, while “be subject to” means “depend on the stated thing happening.”
e.g. I) “I didn’t want to subject him to the long journey,” she said.
II) Everyone interviewed had been subjected to unfair treatment.
III) The funding is subject to approval by the Board of Education.
5.…they did find themselves making faster gear changes…,(l. 9)
The word “did” is used here for emphasis.
e.g.I) I did see him the other day.
II) Do be careful when you are driving.
6.…both of which can result in risk.(l. 6) and …some of whom were newly qualified, … (l.
25).
这两个句子都含有一个非限制性定语从句，which 指代前面提到过的“the two extremes in music,” 而whom 指代前面提到过的“volunteer drivers”。
e.g. I) The church, in which they were married, was built in 1460.
II) Professor Emery, about whom everyone is talking these days, has written a controversial article.
III) Whenever I met him, which was fairly often, I liked his sweet and hopeful smile.
7.…I was speeding along singing at the top of my voice…(l. 30)
“singing at the top of my voice”是现在分词短语，修饰主语，表示伴随的状况。
e.g. The students came into the classroom laughing and singing.
8.…the very fact that we have high-tech music systems built into our cars….(l. 50)
The word “very” is used here for emphasis.
e.g.I)This is the very room where he was born.
II) This is the very person we’ve been talking about.
9.…if music be the food of love, … (l. 67)
句中的谓语是be型的虚拟式。有时在if, whether, whatever, lest等词引导的从句中使用。
e.g. I) If any person be found guilty, he would be punished.
II) Everyone was born equal, whether he be black or white.
III) Whatever be the reason, he refused to go.
课内阅读参考译文
音乐与开车
安迪·埃利斯
1 尽管音乐能使胸中的怒气平息，但是开车时听音乐也会损害你的健康。近期研究表明，听声音很响的音乐会严重地影响司机的注意力，而且心理学家也提醒人们，不断地在车里放这种音乐是很危险的，尤其是处于车流中或在高速公路上开车时。
2 音乐有两个极端，任何一个极端都有可能带来危险。重金属音乐以其强烈的节奏会使人抢车道超车，而聆听处于另一个极端的优美的、令人舒心的音乐，会使司机过分放松，以至于丧失安全意识，陷入迷迷糊糊的欲睡状态。
3 英国汽车协会一直关注道路安全，它委托搞了一个项目，研究严重车祸与音乐之间的关系。这项研究发现，17至25年龄段的男人是最危险、最易产生车祸的群体。研究还发现，这个群体的人70%的开车时间都在听音乐。
4 快节奏或重金属音乐要是放得很响，会使人易怒好斗。开起车来就会冲劲十足，这种司机也就更容易去冒险。开车的速度受到了音乐的速度和节奏的控制。
5 在试验中，给那些自愿参加实验的司机听声音很响的音乐，他们说尽管他们不一定感
到非要开快车，但的确发现自己换档更快了，加速也快了，刹车更急了。若是让这些司机听慢节奏的抒情曲，他们承认经常感到自己走神，他们在高速公路上长途开车时，至少有两位参试的司机发现自己不知不觉地在跨越车道标记。
6 这些自愿参试的司机（有些刚刚拿到驾驶执照）所发表的意见非常说明问题。十八岁的西蒙告诉英国汽车协会，“《走出地狱的蝙蝠》里的快节奏摇滚乐真会让人送命的。我发现自己不知不觉地越开越快。”
7 另一名自愿参试的司机一直在听ZZ 托普乐队最流行的曲子，他说，“我一直在快速行驶，扯着嗓门唱歌，没有看见或者说没有听见那辆一直想超过我的消防车。”
8 还有些人说：“我陷入了深思”……“人的感觉会变得麻木”……“听不见别的汽车是个问题”，“我一直在随着音乐的节奏加快速度。”
9 一些慢节奏的背景音乐，如肖邦的音乐，会刺激人的大脑，使思维模式发生变化，激发α波，使人有一种舒服愉快的感觉。处于放松状态在大多数情况下对我们有好处，但开车时则不然。心理学家雪利?费希尔教授提醒人们说：“最大的危险是开车时感到疲倦。有一些音乐会使你失去注意力，甚至陷入轻度睡眠状态，那样就会造成令人可怕的惨祸。”
10 “问题的关键在于根据具体情况选择合适的音乐。刺激性的音乐适合在漫长、枯燥的道路上听，但是当交通状况糟糕时，或是交通拥挤时，这种音乐会分散你的注意力。”11 然而，音乐也有其好的一面，正如英国汽车协会的心理学家罗伯特?韦斯特所指出的那样：“如果有些音乐影响我们安全行驶，那么反过来也是有道理的。精心选择的曲子会有助于我们安全行驶，尤其是对那个最担风险的群体。例如，要是我们能使年轻的男性驾车者听曼陀瓦尼的音乐，他们很可能会把速度放慢。但可悲的是，我自认为没有能力说服他们许多人去这样做。”
12 正如某种音乐会影响行驶安全一样，我们的车里安装了高技术的音响系统这件事本身也是引起车祸的根源。近期一份有关交通与道路安全的报告表明，小的交通事故中，有40%是由于人们在更换磁带或光盘不看道路时所引起的！
13 无论我们对音乐的品位如何，无论我们的开车风格如何，看来安全行驶的习惯是我们一定要养成的。罗孚汽车公司、英国航空航天局、飞利浦公司及瑞典道路与交通研究所已通力合作生产一种汽车智能系统, 简称为ARIADNE（实时智能驾驶助理）的精密电子防撞行驶报警装置，它利用雷达技术，一旦面临撞车危险，雷达会使车内的电话响起，警告司机注意。
14 如果汽车与前面的车辆之间的距离不够安全刹车的范围，ARIADNE会通过加速器踏板发出震动以提醒司机放慢速度。随着两车之间的距离不断缩短，这种震荡会越来越强烈，要是司机对这种警告仍然无动于衷的话，发动机的运转就会中断，危险警告灯就亮起来。
15 因此千万要记住：要是你酷爱音乐的话，悠着点，尤其是在你开车的时候，这样我们大家就可以继续“播放”下去。
Post- Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the organization
1) Introduction: (Para.1)
Music may calm you down but it can also lead to traffic accidents.
2)Effect of music on drivers: (Para.2-9)
A. Argument: Both extremes of music can result in risk. (Para.2)
Music with a strong beat leads to aggressive driving.
Soothing and melodious music makes drivers relaxed and sleepy.
B. Supporting Evidence (Para.3-9):
a. Introduction to the research (Para.3):
Sponsor: British Automobile Association
Subjects: Volunteer drivers, including newly qualified ones.
Findings:
i. Men in the 17-25 age bracket were the most dangerous and accident-prone group.
ii. Men in this group listen to music for seventy percent of the time they are on the move.
b. The pace of the driving is governed by the pace and beat of the music (Para.4-5):
i. Drivers subjected to loud music find themselves making faster gear changes, accelerating more quickly and braking more abruptly.
ii. Drivers subjected to slow ballads often find their attention wandering.
iii. Comments by the volunteer drivers (Para.6-8):
i) Simon told the AA that the fast rock music was potentially lethal.
ii) Another volunteer said that he was speeding along singing loudly without
noticing the fire engine behind his car while listening to ZZ Top’s music.
iii) Other comments: “I get lost in my own thoughts”… “It’s possible to suffer a
dulling of the sen ses”… “Not hearing other vehicles is a problem”…
c. Slower music stimulates a change in a person’s brain pattern. (Para.9)
i. It encourages Alpha waves.
ii. It induces a feeling of well-being.
iii. Prof. Shirley Fisher’s warning: Some music can lull you into concentration loss, or even mini-sleep, which can cause horrific accidents.
3) An analysis of the effect of music on driving: (Para.10-12)
A. Selecting your music to suit the conditions (Para.10-11):
a. Stimulating music can be useful on long boring roads, but it can distract you when traffic
conditions are difficult, or traffic is heavy.
b. According to Dr. Robert West, Carefully selected music may improve our driving,
particularly in the high risk group.
B. High-tech music systems built into our cars also cause accidents (Para.12).
A recent traffic and road safety report showed that 40% of minor road accidents were caused
by people taking their eyes off the road to change a cassette or disc.
4)A car intelligence system: (Para.13-14):
A. Its producers: Rover, British Aerospace, Philips and Sweden’s Road and Traffic
Research Institute.
B. Its name: Application of Real-Time Intelligent Aid For Driving
C. Its working principle: It’s a sophistica ted electronic system which takes advantage of radar to
warn the driver when a collision is possible.
D. Its ways to warn the driver:
a) It sends a vibration through the accelerator pedal to warn the driver to slow down.
b) If early warnings go unheeded, the engine cuts out and the hazard warning lights go on.
5) Conclusion: (Para.15)
Music lovers should be careful when driving.
2. Understanding Specific Information
1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) F 9) T 10) F
Vocabulary
1. 1) stimulate 2) distract 3) qualify/be qualified 4) induce 5) accelerate
6) soothe 7) overtaken 8) wander 9) combine 10) commissioned
2． 1）C 2) D 3) A 4) C 5) A 6) C 7) C 8) A
Translation
1. I took advantage of the fine weather today to play tennis.
2. You may even swim in the lake -- if you feel inclined to.
3. The loud music brought on another one of his headaches.
4. A careless person is apt to make mistakes.
5. The experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure for cancer.
6. Comparatively speaking, we are more concerned with work efficiency and product development.
7. Doctors once said that surgery could induce heart attack.
8. I qualified as a doctor at London University 30 years ago.
or: I was qualified as a doctor by London University 30 years ago.
After-Class Reading
课外阅读参考译文
PASSAGE I
甲壳虫乐队
1 1980年，约翰?列农在纽约的公寓外被一位年轻男子杀害，而早些时候他还为此人在唱片封面上签过名。列农之死标志了一个时代的结束。人们曾经希望有朝一日甲壳虫乐队能够重新组合在一起，现在连这一线希望也永远地破灭了。但是，更为重要的是，他们所代表的乐观主义精神和他们所传播的社会意识亦随之而去了。
2 1960年，乔治?哈里森、约翰?列农、保罗?麦卡特尼和林格?斯塔尔在利物浦创建了甲壳虫乐队。哈里森、列农和麦卡特尼在德国汉堡的一家俱乐部里有过演出的经验，但是甲壳虫乐队的音乐生涯却是在他们的家乡利物浦市的卡文真正开始走红。
3 1962年10月，他们的第一张单曲唱片“Love Me Do”（《爱我吧》）发行了。四个月后，他们的第二张单曲唱片“Please, Please Me”（《给我快乐》）直闯排行榜的前十名，很快又令人羡慕地荣登榜首，而他们的第一张密纹唱片也成为1963年最畅销的密纹唱片。乐队于1970年解散了，乐队成员人人都成了百万富翁，但是他们的唱片仍然行
销全世界。到底是什么使甲壳虫乐队如此地与众不同呢？
4 作为一支乐队，他们是出众的，他们的声音优美动听，但这不足以使他们出名。或许是下列因素给他们带来了好运吧：他们来自于环境优美的默西赛德,加上对美国黑人节奏布鲁斯音乐的喜爱；还幸运的是，乐队成员之间以及他们与观众之间的关系和谐融洽；同时，列农和麦卡特尼合作创作了一系列优秀的歌曲。
5 起初，他们的音乐题材总是那些年轻听众所感兴趣和关心的：爱情、忧伤、好运、噩梦以及任何大城市都有的离奇有趣的人物。后来，他们的作品反映了20世纪60年代的社会状况，唱出了社会的不平等和政治上的不公正。此外，他们创作了内容丰富，曲风新颖的乐曲，达到了能让卓越的音乐大师巴锡和埃拉?菲茨杰拉德歌唱和演奏的水平。
6 甲壳虫乐队与众不同，因为他们相信自己的才华。他们绝不模仿照搬任何人，他们意志坚强，没有被意想不到的一夜成名所毁灭。在这方面，他们可能应该感谢他们的唱片制作人乔治?马丁和他们的经理布赖恩?爱泼斯坦。甲壳虫乐队的另一非凡之处还在于在那个社会和政治理想破灭的时代，他们是一股积极的力量。他们代表了那个时代年轻人的心声。
PASSAGE II
爱心之歌
1 从很多方面来说，约翰?贝尔茨可称得上是世界上最成功的歌曲家。他写的每一首歌保证大受欢迎——不是指在流行音乐排行榜上，而是在孩子的心中。原因是贝尔茨的每一首歌都是写给一位身患重病的孩子。他的歌总是能让孩子们露出笑容并振作精神。他们一遍遍地播放这些歌。这对于贝尔茨来说要比高居排行榜有意义得多。
2 三十八岁的贝尔茨是一个非营利组织“爱心之歌”的创始人和主席。这个组织由音乐家、歌曲家、歌手和音响师自愿联合组成，创作反映孩子个性的独特而欢快的歌曲。贝尔茨掌管着这一组织，并在纽约市昆斯区父母家的地下室建立了一个小型的录音室。
3 贝尔茨相信音乐有治疗效果。当一个成年人聆听一首自己喜爱的歌曲时，他会心情舒畅；那么当一个小孩听到一首专门为自己谱写的歌曲时，结果也会非常令人振奋。“爱心之歌”自1996年组建以来，为孩子们谱写、录音并发送了780首鼓舞人心的歌曲，一直都是免费进行的。那些得到歌曲的孩子们，下至婴儿，上至青少年，他们全都处于生命的绝境，要面对诸如癌症、肾透析治疗或等待器官移植等。他们大部分是美国60家医院的病人，那里的专家们定期要贝尔茨的歌，他们利用玩乐对儿童进行心理治疗。
4 一些著名的音乐家，在听说了“爱心之歌”后，纷纷援助这个项目。有170位专业音乐人奉献才艺，其中有歌手洛尼?斯贝克特、摇滚歌星罗杰?达尔特瑞，以及百老汇音乐剧《泰坦尼克号》的全体演员。超级流行歌星比尔?乔尔还讲话介绍了为一个孩子写的歌。当然，大部分表演者尚未出名。纽约市的警察和一所中学的合唱团也录制过一些歌曲。
5 “爱心之歌”的音乐风格迥异，从用脚尖击拍的欢快流行音乐、乡村音乐到轻柔的歌谣和说唱乐。因为贝尔茨出生在巴西，会说西班牙语和葡萄牙语，有时他就用这两种语言录制歌曲。在为一个孩子谱写歌曲之前，家长或护士要填写一张表，告知有关该小孩的兴趣、爱好、家庭、宠物及其他喜爱的东西。然后贝尔茨将这张表交给已选定的歌曲家，他会将表中所列的这些细节编写到歌曲中。孩子的名字在整首歌中会多次提到。歌曲作者还会找歌手演唱这首歌，而且有可能的话，他们会用自己的设备录制，或者当地有录音棚愿意赞助予以录制。结果表明这是使孩子们感觉好的良方。当然，歌中是决不会提及小孩的病情的。
6 贝尔茨有许多活页夹，放满了孩子和家长们的感谢信，信中描述了孩子第一次听到专门为他们创作的歌曲时的反应。这样的信令贝尔茨感到欣慰，因为这正是他所期待的。他创
建“爱心之歌”是为纪念他的孪生兄弟胡里奥，一位音乐家、歌手和歌曲家，在与精神疾病进行过一番抗争后，于24岁自杀。他在死前的两个月曾写过一首伤感的歌谣，其中一句歌词为“我们要驱走恐惧所真正需要的是爱心之歌。”
7 贝尔茨没有结婚，没有自己的孩子，他原先从未想过会为孩子们写歌。他说，有一天他走在街上，脑海里忽然出现了这个念头，并且立即感到自己会成功。他回家后打电话给田纳西州孟菲斯的圣裘德儿童研究医院，说他想为病重的孩子们写歌，但院方说他们不能公开病人的个人资料。不过他们说确有六张用于宣传的儿童照片，照片上附有少量的个人资料。如果贝尔茨觉得有用的话，他们同意将这些照片寄给他。贝尔茨收到了照片并在四天内写了六首歌。院方收到这些歌曲后，打电话高度赞扬了他。不久之后，一位身患癌症的小女孩的母亲打来电话向他致谢，随后女孩本人也打电话感谢他。就在这时，他明白了这就是他的动力。
8 如今，贝尔茨与他的组织成员每月创作30至40首歌曲。不幸的是，有时歌曲还没送到，孩子已死了，但孩子的父母仍会告诉他，此歌在悼念孩子的过程中是一种安慰。
9 与大多数慈善事业一样，“爱心之歌”几乎一直缺少资金。为了节约开支，贝尔茨搬回家与退休的父母同住，他们也支持他的事业。他的长远目标是为所有年龄段的病人送上“爱心之歌”，包括住在养老院的老人和精神病患者。贝尔茨想方设法筹钱，他曾卖掉一张录有21首儿童慈善歌曲的唱片及一盘磁带。第22首歌便是他兄弟胡里奥自编自唱的“爱心之歌”。贝尔茨想下次出唱片时说服史蒂维?旺德或保罗?麦卡特尼演唱“爱心之歌”，这样就能保证基金会有一笔更可观的销售收入。同时，贝尔茨本人一直都是“爱心之歌”最多产的歌曲家，确保了为病重的孩子写歌的所有要求都得到满足。
Part Three
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
1. Enriching Your Word Power
1) C 2) B 3) B 4) A 5) A 6) B 7) B 8) C
2 Music and You
STEP ONE My Favorite Music or Musician
1) What kinds of music do you prefer? Why?
Sample
-- I prefer light music because it makes me feel relaxed. Light music also creates a peaceful environment.
-- I prefer rock music because it makes me excited and energetic.
-- I prefer country music because it is beautiful and puts me in a light mood.
-- I like pop music because it is easy to follow and is closely related to our daily lives.
-- I like folk music because it often tells a story about ordinary people.
-- I prefer Chinese pop music because it is more meaningful for me.
-- I like love songs because they are romantic.
2) Which composers and/or singers do you like most? Why?
Sample
-- Among the composers, I like Beethoven the most. I like his symphonies, especially his Fifth Symphony. It is thought-provoking. Whenever I feel unhappy and can’t find a way out of a
difficult situation, I will listen to his music.
-- Among the singers, I like Mariah Carey the best. I like her songs, and I like her voice.
-- I like Michael Bolton, especially his “Said I Love You, but I Lied.”
-- I like Richard Marx because he is handsome, versatile and sexy.
3) Does music affect your mood? If so, how and what types of music?
Sample
-- Music does affect my mood. When I feel stressed or exhausted after a day’s hard work, I often listen to light music, country music, classical music, or folk music to relax myself.
-- When I feel sad and don’t feel like doing anything, I will listen to some pop music or rock music to encourage myself.
STEP TWO Music Party
(The teacher can choose one or two music fans in the class to give a music party and let the fans choose a couple of their classmates to help them with the work.)
STEP THREE Interview
Directions: Suppose you were the singer/band/composer you have just introduced, and let the other students interview you.
Questions that may be asked:
1) Where are you from?
2) Why did you decide to become a musician?
3) Which composers/singers do you admire most and try to follow?
4) When did you start to compose music of your own?
5) Since you are so famous, you must have a lot of fans. Can you say something about them?
6) As we all know, you’re becoming more and more famous in recent years. What’s your secret?
7) It’s said that some singers and musicians hold concerts just to make money. What’s more,
some even try to avoid paying taxes. What do you think?
8) Some youngsters take famous singers as their role models and try to imitate them in any way
they can. What do you think of this?
9) Can you say something about your first song?
10) When was your first concert held?
11) What is the main theme of your music?
12) What will you play for the students at your Saturday concert?
13) How are you preparing for the forthcoming concert?
14) What is the source of your creativity?
15) What is your plan for the immediate future?
16) What will you be doing in five years’ time?
17) Why did you decide to hold a concert at our university?
18) Do you have a girl friend? (If the answer is positive,) Can you say something about her?
19) What do you think is the most important quality for being a famous singer?
20) Can you say something about your hobbies and interests?
STEP FOUR Music Report
Sample
Frank White is an extraordinarily fascinating musician. Being a music talent, he started to write some easy songs even when he was a little child. By the time he entered a music school, he already had several popular songs to his credit. Being a famous singer throughout the country, he thinks his secret is to be faithful to his fans and to be always original. He never copies others. With love as the theme of his songs, he also tries to show his love for people and the world.
He is going to give a concert at our university because he considers our university as one of the best universities in the country and he wants to get some inspiration from the brilliant students on this campus for his creation. In the concert, he will bring us some of his newly-written songs and he is sure that we will enjoy them. He has kept the program for the concert a secret because he wants to give us a pleasant surprise. (170 words)
3. Trying to Be a Songwriter
Directions:Suppose you want to help those children who suffer from serious illnesses by writing unique songs for them. Work in groups to come up with the words for a
song dedicated to a ten-year-old boy who has cancer. You may use the tune of a
familiar song, either English or Chinese as you wish. The following is some
personal information about the boy.
Sample 1 (用“洋娃娃与小熊跳舞”的曲调):
Little Sammy, don’t worry,
We’ll help you anyway;
Always happy, always lucky,
God will bless you all the way.
Play basketball, do some reading,
Have a good time every day;
Welcome to China,
Go to the Great Wall,
With your Wishbone together.
(The students who wrote the song: 刘樱，蒋令西，吴越，钱莉莉)
Sample 2
Sammy, little boy,
Let’s go to China with your dear Wishbone,
To see the Great Wall,
To see the Summer Palace,
And to everywhere you want.
Playing basketball in the shiny sun,
Reading stories on the grass,
With Wishbone around you,
Everything is so beautiful.
Sammy, our happiest boy,
The best wishes to you,
Forever, forever, forever.
…
4. Trying to Translate Lyrics
A School Boy
I’m a littl e school boy,
Carrying a schoolbag I go to school,
Regardless of the scorching sun
And the violent wind and rainstorm,
I fear my teacher would scold me for being lazy,
And with no learning I daren’t face mom and dad.
I’m a little school boy,
Carrying a schoolbag I go to school,
Neither for becoming an official,
Nor for glorifying my own face,
My goal is to change the fate of the poor,
Let them no longer be bullied or enslaved.
Part Four
Writing and Translation
1 Translation Practice
1) 音乐是人类的共同语言。——朗费罗（1807-1882），美国诗人。
2) 音乐给人的启示超过哲学。——贝多芬（1770-1827），德国音乐家。
3) 在生命的黑夜中音乐是月光。——J.P.里彻（1763-1825），德国作家。
4) 音乐能洗涤灵魂清除其日常生活中的尘埃。——摘自《世界民歌一百零一首》附言。
5) 音乐是人们用来表达语言难以表达的情感。——E.哈伯德（1856-1915），美国作家、
编辑。
6) 音乐真奇妙，它能平息胸中的怒气，软化坚硬的岩石，拧开橡树的结。——威廉.康格
里夫（1670-1729），英国戏剧家。
7) 记忆中，所有的一切都似乎跟音乐有关。——田纳西.威廉斯（1914-1983）美国戏剧
家。
8) 借助音乐孩童进入美的世界，表达内心的情感，品味创造的乐趣，增强同情心，发展
智力，平和心境，陶冶情操，培养优雅的仪态。——美国全国儿童福利会1927年。9)人们相互表达心灵的和谐美妙所采用的最佳、最美、最理想的途径是音乐。——乔纳
森.爱德华兹（1703-1758），美国传教士和神学家。
10) 音乐的力量是无法抗拒的；它的功劳数不胜数；任何灵魂工程师都很少能像音乐一样
激起人们的爱心，唤醒人们平和的心境，促进人们之间的友谊。——萨克雷（1811-1863），英国小说家。
2 Writing
Sample
The Power of Music
Music is the universal language of mankind. Music is everywhere. We can hear it in restaurants, airports, railway stations, supermarkets, department stores, banks, hospitals, and many other public places. Music of all kinds is now available, and tapes and CDs are not very expensive.
Music plays an important role in our everyday lives. Music can express emotions that are beyond speech and give us a better feeling about ourselves and about everything around us. It can change our attitudes towards many things. When we feel sad, music is moonlight in the gloomy night of life which can cheer us up; when we are tired and bored, music can make us relaxed. It has charms to soothe the savage breast, to soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak; when we are working or studying, music can provide us with a pleasant environment so that we can work or study more efficiently. Music can make people work faster and with more energy. The best, most beautiful, and most perfect way that we have of expressing a sweet concord of mind to each other is by music. Music can also lull the babies to sleep and can even make cows produce more milk. In a word, music is irresistible and life without music would be boring and monotonous. (215 words)