新视角研究生英语读说写(1)课文翻译课后习题答案124810复习

Unit 1 A Working Community

1. This is a fairly new subdivision of our economy ,and yet he finds his sense of place in it.

尽管这个行业是我们经济中的一个新部门，他还是在其中找到了属于自己的天地。

2.None of us, mind you, was born into these communities.

值得一提的是，我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区

3.Yet it seems that more and more of us are identified by work these days, rather than by street.

然而，不知不觉中人们的身份更倾向于各自所从事的工作，而不是像以往一样由家庭住址来界定。

4. and many of us, without small children as icebreakers, would have trouble naming all the people on our street.

由于没有了孩子像过去那样起到沟通邻里关系的作用，许多人感到要叫出跟我们同住一条街的所有人的名字是件极不容易的事。

5.It‘s not that we are more isolated today. It‘s that many of us have transferred a chunk of our friendships, a major portion of our everyday social lives, from home to office.

而是好多人已经部分的友谊和大部分的日常社交生活从家里转移到了办文室。

6.The kaffeeklatsch of the fifties is the coffee break of the eighties.

50年代的下午茶成了80年代的喝咖啡的工间休息。

7. It‘s not surprising that when researchers ask Americans what they like best about work,they say it is ―the shmoose factor.‖

难怪当研究者问及美国人关于工作他们最喜欢什么的时候，他们的回答是―和同事悠闲自在地闲扯‖。

8. We assume that we have something ―in common‖ with other teachers, nurses, city planners.

我们假设自己和其他的教师、护士、城市规划者有着某些共同点。

9.We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhood with the workplace.

像用工作单位取代居住地一样，我们用专业身份取代了种族身份。

10. People who move from city to city seem to put roots into their professions.

那些在不同城市变换工作的人似乎把自己的身份植根于他们的行业中。

11.I don‘t think that there is anything massively disruptive about this shifting sense of community. 我并不认为这种社区概念的变迁会造成大面积的混乱

12.The balance has tipped, and we seem increasingly dependent on work for our sense of self.

身份意识的天平似乎已经日渐倾斜到工作决定身份这边。

13.Selfworth isn‘t just something to measure in the marketplace.

自我价值并不是只有在市场环境中得到体现的。

Unit 3 Help Yourself through the Hard Times

1、Some years ago I had what most would call the American Dream:

几年前，我拥有大多数人称之为美国梦想的东西。

2、Months of murderous interest payment gobbled up my savings. I couldn‘t make ends meet and

lay awake nights in a cold sweat.

连续几个月支付要命的利息，耗尽了我的积蓄。我入不敷出，经常彻夜无眠，一身冷汗。3、With no idea what to do next, I resolved literally to ―sail off into the sunset,‖ following the coastline from Connecticut to Florida.

无所适从的我决心真正驾船―向夕阳行驶‖，沿着海岸线从康涅狄格州驶向佛罗里达州。

4、From that moment, I knew I had to see things through.

从那一刻起，我知道我必须看穿万物。

5、―It‘s your desert experience‘-a time of feeling barren of options, even hope,‖

―这是你经历中的荒漠---一段感到毫无出路，甚至毫无希望的时期‖

6、―The important thing is not to allow yourself to be stranded in the desert.‖

―重要的是不要让你自己陷入荒漠之中无法自拔‖。

7、―Tears aren‘t a sign that you‘re simply feeling sorry for yourself but are expression of sadness or emotion that must find an outlet.‖―眼泪并不意味着你仅仅自我垂怜，而是表达必须发泄的忧伤或情感‖。

8、And it doesn‘t matter if the grieving takes a while to surface, as long as it finally finds expression.

如果悲痛需要一段时间才能表现出来，也没有什么关系，只要它能最终找到表现的方式。9、a ―first-line defense that shields the consciousness from some extremely unpleasant reality.‖ Kelb couldn‘t begin her healing process until nature had allowed her time to sort out her tragedy.

一种―使意识远离极端不愉快的现实的首要防范心理‖。除非本能给予她解决好悲剧的时间，否则克博不可能开始她的康复之路。

10、She reeled at the thought of her imminent death, and withdrew.

一想到死亡即将来临，她就感到心绪不宁，屈服了。

11、Her anger, formerly crippling now sparked her. It helped see her through a harrowing, but ultimately successful, bone-marrow transplant.

她的愤怒开始时极为有害，现在却鼓舞了她，帮助她渡过了痛彻心肺但最终成功的骨髓移植。

12、Another obstacle on the road to health after a significant loss can be denial.

在经历重大打击之后，拒绝知我同样也是健康之路的重大障碍。

13、The man who rarely touched a drink will begin hitting the bottle.

几乎滴酒不沾的男人会开始酗酒。

14、―It was like I‘d run into a brick wall and my whole life had been shattered,‖

就好像我迎头撞上一面砖墙，整个人生都被击得粉碎，‖

15、Admitting failure was the toughest part but I had to before I could get on with my life.

承认失败是困难的，但要想继续生活我必须得这么做。

16、I urge people recovering from loss to get back into a routine,

我要求那些从打击中复原的人回到日常生活中去

17、The idea that there are things to look forward to reinforces that you are forging ahead into a fresh future.

有期待的事情，这一想法能增强你迈向全新未来的信息。

18、Exercise gets you out of your head and your troubles.

锻炼使你忘却自我和身边的麻烦。

19、Experts resist being pinned down to time frames.

专家门反对时间期限的限制。

20、I‘m still here, I‘ve made it this far!

―我还活着，我已经撑到现在了。

21、Sailing is a slow business. I made it to Florida in five weeks.

航行是个慢活，我用了5周才抵达佛罗里达。

Unit 4 What Is Happiness?

1、Jonathan Swift seemed to being w elldeceived.‖ The felicty of being ―a fool among knaves.‖

乔纳森?斯威福特似乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是―鬼迷心窍的上当，‖是―骗子堆中的傻瓜‖的自鸣得意。

2、It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to heaven when we possess enough.

当然用傻子、骗子这样的字眼来形容是不合美国的人的风俗习惯的，然后我们似乎确实沉溺于用金钱购买幸福的想法：只要有足够的钱，我们百年后就能上天堂。

3、There were calling upon Americans, as an act approaching patriotism, to buy at once.

他们号召美国人民：作为一种爱国主义行为，他们应该立即购买。

4、Once past the vaguely uplifting fiction and feature articles, the reader finds the other face of the dream in the back matter.

一旦读完这些隐约让人振奋的小说和专题文章，读者在杂志最后几页就会发现梦想的真相。

5、The idea ―happiness,‖ to be sure, will not sit still for easy definition: the best on e can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work in toward the middle.

诚然，给―幸福‖这一概念下定义远非易事：最好是尽量为这一概念确立一些极限，然后将两者折中。

6、Contemplation is his joy and he achieves it through afantastically demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him.

冥想是他的极乐，而他通过修行来实现。这种修行要求之高，让人难以置信，其完成本身就是他内心的一种极乐。

7、Yet these extremes will still serve to frame the area within all of us and must find some sort of balance. Thoreau-a creature of both Eastern and Western thought-had his own firm sense of that balance.

尽管如此，我们仍然可以利用这些极限来划定幸福的范畴，在这一范畴内每个人都得找到某种平衡。

8、The active discipline of heightening one‘s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high.

他心目中的―高层次‖，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自己界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。

9、There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties.

除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。

10、Happiness is never more than partial.

从来就没有过完美的幸福。

11、What they might have underlined,could they haveforeseen the happiness market, is the cardinal fact that happiness is in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and

life-revealing, which is to say, in the idea of becoming.

假如他们当初预见到现在出现的幸福市场，他们就会强调指出这样一个基本事实：幸福在于为之奋斗的过程，在于我们终生为之努力并从中获得启迪的事业，也就是说在于追求。12、But drop any real spiritual capital at those bazaars, and what you come to will be your own poorhouse.

但如果我们在这些市场上放弃任何真正意义上的精神财富，那么到头来我们只能是一无所有。

Unit 8 Europeans Just Want to Have Fun

1、Walking across Boulevard St. Michel in Paris, on the night before Bastille Day I bumped into an old friend-an American who has lived in the city for 25 years-who told me he was taking up the tango. When I asked him why, he suggested I take a stroll along the Left Bank of the Seine, opposite Ile St. Louis and so of course I did.

法国革命纪念日前夜当我穿越巴黎圣米歇尔大街时，遇见了一位在巴黎生活了25年的美国老朋友。他告诉我，他迷上了探戈。当我问他为何如此时，他建议我沿着圣路易岛对面的塞纳河左岸走一遭。当然，我照办了。

2、It was one big party. A drop-dead-gorgeous crowd was tangoing away in a makeshift, open-air amphitheater. Nearby a multiethnic group was doing the meringue. Hundreds of others were tucking into picnics by the river as a full moon rose in a cloudless sky. Much later that night, after a perfect fish soup in the Place des V osges I walked into the narrow passages of the Marais District and stumbled upon an impromptu block party. Someone had set up a sound systom on the sidewalk, and the street was packed with people-straight and gay, young and old, black and white-dancing to salsa.

那里正在举行一个盛大的舞会，俊男靓女们正在临时搭建的露天剧场跳着探戈。在附近，一群不同族裔的人正在跳拉丁默朗格舞。当一轮满月从晴朗的夜空升起时，河边数以百计的人正在尽情享受野炊的乐趣。当晚后半夜，在浮日广场喝完鲜美的鱼汤，穿过马菜街区窄窄的街道，我无意之间又遇上一个即兴的街区舞会。有人已在人行道上安装好音响系统、街道上挤满了人——异性恋、同性恋、年轻人、老年人、黑人、白人——都随着担丁萨尔乐曲翩翩起舞。

3、Europe is enjoying itself. O.K. in late July, it always does. The weekend I was in Paris, an estimated 500,000 kids descended on Berlin for the annual Love Parade, a carnaival of techno music,dope and sex. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of families started their treks from the damp north of the Gontinent to their vacation homes in the warm south. But even when the sun isn‘t shining, Europeans seem to eb throwing themselves into fun and festivity with unprecedented zeal. Each weekend, central London is one great bacchanal Cities that for reasons of politics or religion were once gloomily repressive-Madrid, say, or Dublin- now rock to the small hours. In Prague the foreign visitors who get talked about are not the earnest young Americans who flocked there in the early 1990s, but British partygoers who have flown in for the cheap beer and pretty girls. The place that British historian Mazower once called the true dark continent- and from whose curdled soul the horrors of fascism sprang- has become Europa ludens, a community at play.

欧洲人过得逍遥自在。是的，7月末的欧洲通常如此。我在巴黎的那个周末，估计有50万年轻人蜂拥进入柏林，参加一年一度的―爱之游行‖活动。那是一个充满泰克诺音乐、毒品和性的狂欢。此时数以万计的家庭也正从润湿的欧洲大陆北部，长途跋涉来到温暖南部自己的度假屋。但是即使阳光不那么灿烂，欧洲人似乎也会以极大的热忱投身于娱乐和节日欢庆之中。周末的伦敦市中心变成了饮酒派对的场所。昔日因受到政治、宗教专制统治而郁郁寡欢

的马德里、都柏林，而今可以摇滚狂欢至凌晨。布拉格人谈论的外国游客不再是那些20世纪90年代初成群结队，接踵而至的年轻美国人。取而代之的是那些为了享受廉价啤酒、漂亮女孩幕名而至的英国派对客一族。由于欧洲是令人胆颤心惊的纳粹主义的诞生地，英国历史学家Mark,Mazower曾把欧洲称为绝对黑暗大陆。而如今欧洲成了娱乐的天堂，快乐的都城。

4、Funny. This is how the U.S. was supposed to be. In a famous series of essays collected in his 1976 book, The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, Daniel Bell noted how the decline of the Protestant small- town ethic had unhinged American capitalism from its moral foundation of capitalism (had ) become hedonism, the idea of please as a way of life.‖ In a 1969 cover story titled ―California: A State of Excitement,‖ Time reported that, as most Americans saw it, ―the good, godless,gregarious pursuit of pleasure is what California is all about…. ?I have seen the future,‘ says the newly returned visitor to California, ?and it plays.‘‖

真是可笑！这本该是美国的模样嘛！丹尼尔?贝尔1976年出版《资本主义文化矛盾》一书，书中收录的一系列著名文章描述了新教徒小镇式道德观的衰落怎样动摇了美国资本主义的道德基础和对工作内在价值的认识。20世纪60年代，贝尔声称，―资本主义文化经过拨乱反正已变成了享乐主义文化，享受成为生活的一种方式。‖1969年《时代周刊》一篇名为《加利福尼亚：充满刺激之州》的封面故事中写道，―追寻美好的、非宗教的、交际性的快乐已经成了加利福尼亚的全部。每个刚去过加州的人都说，?我看到了未来，自由自在的娱乐在发挥作用。‘‖当时绝大多数美国人对报道中提及的情况都是有目共睹的。

5、But the American future didn‘t turn out as we expected. While Europeans cut the hours they spend at the office or factory-in France it is illegal to work more than35 hours a week-and lengthened their vacations, Americans were concluding that you could be happy only if you work hard and play hard. So they began to stay at their jobs longer than ever and then, in jam-packed weekends at places like the Haptons on Long Island, invented the uniquely American concept of scheduled joy, filling a day off with one appointment after another, as if were no different from one at the office. American conservatives, meanwhile, came to believe that European‘s desire to devote themselves to the pleasures of life and-the shame of it-six weeks annual vacation was evidence of a lack of seriousness and would, in any event, end in economic tears.

但美国的未来并没有成为我们所期待的那样。当欧洲人缩短在办公室或工厂工作的时间——在法国一周工作时间超过35个小时就是非法的——延长假期时，美国人却认为只有努力工作拼命玩耍才是幸福的。因此美国人工作的时间开始变得比以往任何时候都长，然后将日程安排得满满的，去诸如位于长岛的汉普敦等地度周末，美国人创造了独特的美国式的概念，按计划娱乐，休息日排满了一个又一个的日程，好像节假日与工作日没什么区别似的。同时美国的保守者们认为：真是遗憾啊，欧洲人渴望全身心地享受生活，一年6周的假期是欧洲人不负责任的表现，无论如何欧洲人最终会为经济的衰退而痛哭流涕。

6、Why do Europeans and Amerians differ so much in their attitude toward work and leisure?I can think of two reasons. First, the crowed confines of Western Europe and the expansive space of North Amerians value stuff-SUVs, 7,000-sq.-ft. house-more than they value time, while for Europeans it‘s the opposite. Second, as Bell predicted, America‘s sense of itself as a religious nation has revived. At least in the puritanical version of Christianity that has always appealed to Americans, religion comes packaged with the stern message that hard work is good for the soul. Modern Europe has avoided so melancholy a lesson.

为什么欧洲人和美国人对待工作和娱乐的态度有如此大的反差呢？我能想到两个原因。首先是西欧拥挤的环境和北美广阔的空间导致了不同的消费倾向。从广义上讲，美国人对实实在在的东西例如运动型多功能车，7000平方英尺房子的重视甚至他们对时间的重视。对欧洲人来说，情况恰恰相反。其次，正如贝尔所预言的那样，美国宗教意识思想复苏，至少清教徒式的基督教历来迎合美国人的心声。严厉的教条规劝人们：努力工作对于灵魂升华是有益的。而现代的欧洲已没有了这种苦行课。

7、Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studied in think tanks mulled over by policymakers. In the U.S., the term, when it‘s used at all, is said with the sort of sneer reserved for those who eat quiche. But it might still catch on. When Bill Keller was named executive editor of the New York Times, he encouraged the staff to do ―a little more savoring‖of life, spending time with their families or viewing art.

不管如何解释，工作与生活平衡这种观念是欧洲的要义，智囊团对之研究，决策者反复思考。在美国如果这种观念被提升的话，话语间也带有对那些吃乳蛋饼的人的耻笑。但说不定这种观念以后会很流行呢。《纽约时报》总编比尔·凯勒走马上任时，就鼓励手下人员―多品味一下生活的乐趣‖，多陪陪家人，或者多欣赏欣赏艺术。

8、Even better, they could take up the tango. 还有更好的呢，他们还能跳跳探戈。

Unit one

1. The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate

餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高.

2. His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist.

他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力把科学家和实业家的品质结合起来了.

3. We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with the workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions.

像工作单位取代居住地一样,我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代.这一现象在流动作业的

行业中表现得尤为明显.

4. Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others.

显然,任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为,需要找到一些方法把他们的理念传达

给他人.

5. No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else‘s approval, at someone else‘s mercy.

没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了.

Unit three

1. 当一个人处于―经历中的沙漠‖——一段感到毫无出路、甚至毫无希望的时期，最重要的是不要让自己陷入荒漠之中无法自拔。

When someone is in ―desert of experience‖— a period of feeling barren of options, even hope, the most important thing is not to allow himself to be stranded in the desert.

2.经济来源耗尽，还有一大家人需要供养，吉米起初想逃避，但最终靠着顽强的勇气和乐观的性格挺了过来。

With financial resources exhausted and the pressure of a big family to support, Jimmy wanted to escape at first but finally his courage and good humor saw him through.

3.有人认为在人生的任何阶段开始一种新的生涯都为时不晚。

Someone believes that it is never too late to embark on a new career in any period of life.

4.在经历重大打击之后，明智的做法是勇敢面对挑战，而不是逃避。

What makes sense is to face the challenge rather than run away from the troubles after suffering a significant loss.

5.玛丽靠她在餐馆工作的微薄收入，几乎无法维持生活。

With the small income from her restaurant job, Mary could barely make ends meet.

Unit four

1.在当今社会，广告几乎完全成为致力于描写快乐的现代表达方式。

In modern society, advertising has become one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness.

2.讲座永远不会从大学的舞台上完全消失，因为它们来源于一个久远的传统，而大学这个环境为了其自身的利益又理所当然地尊重传统。

Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene, because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.

3.这对夫妻永远体会不到做父母的乐趣, 除非他们有了自己的孩子。

Short of having their own children, the couple can never experience the pleasure of being parents.

4.他把别人的成功看成是一种挑战、一种动力。他不断告诉自己他应该比别人做得更好。He takes other‘s success as a kind of challenge and motivation. He keeps telling himself that he

5.如果欢乐与愉快等于幸福，则痛苦就等于不幸福。但实际上能带来幸福的事往往与痛苦相联系。

If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness. The truth is that things that lead to happiness involve some pain.

Unit eight

1.现在人们谈论的不再是如何享受校园生活，而是怎样发表论文，怎样找到一份好工作。Nowadays what get talked about is not how to enjoy life on the campus, but how to have a paper published, or how to find a good job.

2.大学生活应该是轻松愉快的，充满各种有趣的活动，但我的生活却充满压力。

Campus life is supposed to be happy and relaxed, full of fun activities, but my life is under great pressure.

3.如果你还不清楚这个实习生项目究竟是怎么回事，查阅一下公司的网站，项目负责人约翰·布朗先生在网页上有更详尽的介绍。

If you‘re still wondering what this internship program is all about, check out the company website, 4.很多年轻人相信，一个人只有拼命工作，疯狂玩乐，才会幸福。

Many young people believe that one could be happy only if one work hard and play hard.

5.我的研究生生活和我所希望的并不完全一样，但我努力适应，并且很乐意接受每一个意想不到的挑战。

My new life as a postgraduate student didn‘t quite turn out as I hoped, but I tried to adapt myself to Unit ten

1. 我们应该常常回顾过去,让过去的经验为我买你提供指导,这样我们就不会再重复同样的

错误.

We shall always look to the past experience for guidance, so that we would not repeat the same mistakes.

2. 一些教育家认为,与严厉的惩罚相比,积极的策略是制止学生考试作弊的更好办法.

Some educators believe that compared with strong sanctions, practive strategies serve as a better way to prevent students from cheating in exams.

3. 为了提高办公室的工作效率,经理决定订购这一套管理软件.

The manager decided to subscribe to the management software to improve the efficiency of the office.

4. 我想弄清试卷上这些英语单词的意思,但没能成功,所以我忍不住偷偷看了看电子词典.

I tried to make sense of these English words in the test paper, but in vain, so I took a peep at my

5.如果这些新方法不管用,我们只好再依靠旧系统.

If these new methods don‘t work, we‘ll have to fall back on our old system.

Unit1

1. The company has planned to strengthen its corporate identity .

2. The results of this survey demonstrate clearly the fact that younger people are the most mobile.

3. More than 100 development groups throughout the world are working on the technology, many of them attempting to update old designs to work with modern engines.

4. But to ignore the evidence of differences in performance between gender or ethnic groups can lead to unjust treatment of individuals.

5. I am pleased with the progress to date and I believe that you are not finding the process too disruptive .

6. The markets are smart enough to guests when a realignment is coming.

7. You simply cannot assume that because the report has been well received that it will

8. Academic qualifications cannot be the only criteria in judging a person.

9. If difficulties do arise during your time abroad, you may feel isolate _ and vulnerable to pressure both from local management and head office.

10. Many museums employ_ specialists to offer teachers sample worksheets.

1. The country is heavily dependent on its oil exports. reliant on

2. An alternative approach is to define words according to the sentence contexts in which they occur. explain

3. A second hospital has been accused of mixing up a baby‘s name tag, making the mother fear she had the wrong child. label

4. The director will have to shift his roles and expectations when he‘s asked by the rest of the

alter

5. Japanese computer makers are turning to scientists overseas to help them develop software and applications for massively parallel supercomputers. immensely

6. There is also evidence that younger people expect to transfer the source of their main emotional support to their spouse when they marry. move ... to

7. Psychometric tests which attempt to measure students‘ ability to use the library have been

assess

8. Consequently, the neighborhood they live in, the interests they have, the lifestyle of their friends

residential district

9. The aim is to help participants identify their own learning needs in this area and then to suggest ways in which they can increase their knowledge. recognize

10. As we shall see later, they have been one of the factors that have helped to tip the economic

balance firmly against the nuclear option. tilt

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I remember viewing half a dozen men in a chair factory whose job was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result. The men knew they were good. When I talked with them, each expressed enormous pride in being a part of the fastest, best team. And this sense of belonging to an accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of work .

Unlike many other aspects of life, relationships among people at work tend to be simpler, less complicated, somewhat less emotional. This is not to say there aren‘t arguments and jealousies, but, on the whole , behavioral research discloses that 8) human relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to than the sporadic, the more intense and less regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another so that the ―rough edges‖ are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one another each day.

Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or hospital or university. The same pride in being part of a well-coordinated, successful unit is derived from being part of a larger collectivity.

Working for a company that is thought of as being part of the best in the community can provide employees with both status and self-confidence. They assume, usually with good reasons, that others regard them more highly , even envy them, and that they are more competent than the average because of this association with a ―winner,‖ a pre stigious institution. Unit 3

A.1. As house prices plummet , the new breed of renters escape the danger of falling into debt traps and save their spare cash for the future.

2. Nothing could daunt me and I talked to everyone with the same message: ―Cance r was absolutely great because it put you in touch with yourself and the world‖.

3. The 19-year-old model Saffron Domini needed little persuasion to appear in a harrowing

film about racism and violence.

4. Carefree and full of youthful enthusiasm, his happy disposition attracted whites and Indians alike.

5. In British political life of the previous twenty years, latent anti-Jewish feeling had been apt to surface _ in response to particular events.

6. With standards often being poor, unregulated, and uncontrolled, disaster seems imminent .

7. After walking for an hour, she wasn‘t sweating, but there was a pleasurable sense of _ exertion .

8. Particularly worrisome were the fruit drinks, which projected a wholesome image while containing sugar in some form or another.

9. With the rising tide and bad conditions it was possible that the stranded man might not survive until the lifeboat arrived.

10. One study estimates that the headquarters and related functions of big American companies gobble up almost a fifth of their annual profits.

1. With a(n) thriving network of committees, sports clubs and societies, each student is encouraged to play a full part in this aspect of student life.

2. They may pick up ideas almost at random from skimming journals, ideas that may_ spark _ new trains of thought or fruitful new cross-connections.

3. Being a good listener is not only useful because you will hear what others miss, but you will find that people will tell you things that they shield from others.

4. What right did he have to come back into her life like this, trying to shatter it into small pieces that couldn‘t be put back together for a second time?

5. In many areas local services were provided by numerous different authorities, which often gave rise to acute co-ordination problems.

6. The awful truth that he was suffering from lung cancer dawned on him, though his family members tried very hard to keep the secret.

7. I suppose yoga enthusiasts would find it painless, but for most of us an hour spent in this position was a(n) ordeal .

8. But rules that strengthen banks in good times can cripple them in recessions.

9. There are few more barren places on earth than the plains surrounding a volcano in the aftermath of its eruption.

10. The minds of many of these young offenders appear to have been numbed by greed and indifference to violence.

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Everyone wants to be successful in life, but where are the keys to success? When we begin to examine life, we can see that it is divided into two aspects — life within and life without; internal life and external life — and we can see that these aspects are of equal importance. Even one who has renounced the world has to understand the word relationship properly, because life itself is actually relationship. The body is related to the breath, and the breath is related to the mind. The body, breath, senses, and mind all function together as a unit. So life virtually means relationship, and thus the art of living and being requires an understanding_ of one‘s relationship to the external world and the relationships within oneself .

All human beings have inner potentials, but many people are not aware 10) of those potentials and do not know how to use them to have a successful life. Those who are not happy internally can never be happy externally; those who are not happy within themselves can never make others happy. Those who do not love themselves can never love others.

If we are not happy, how can we be successful in life? Success lies in our happiness. The keys to happiness lie within us, but our modern education does not teach us how to find them. It is helpful to have a few formulas to practice in daily life to make it more successful. They are derived from observations based on experience. There are five points to remember: first, how to decide things on time; second, how to study personal habit patterns; third, how to conduct ourselves in the external world; fourth, what attitude to take; fifth, where to find happiness. To attain success in life, one should learn and apply these five points.

Unit 4

1. His way of staying sane was to compose poems in classical Chinese which he somehow kept with him.

2. The children‘s insatiable curiosity will be satisfied one way or the other, as there are plenty of museums, libraries and children‘s palaces in the city.

3. Examination of the theory which purport to provide an answer to this question is nonetheless important for a number of reasons.

4. It is impossible to forget the uplifting speech that the president gave at the commencement ceremony.

5. The athlete, a devout Christian, like his parents, died in 1945 in a Japanese internment camp in Shandong province.

6. The picture drawn is a static one, and it has been unable to provide a convincing account of

7. The choice of players for the team seemed completely arbitrary .

8. He listened in rapt concentration as Mr. Mercer described how one soldier shot off his leg and threatened to kill him until he shouted back at him.

9. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law.

10. Building a home is a more demanding business compared with buying one.

1. Her reputation suffered a mortal blow as the result of the scandal.

2. In explaining this situation, it might be possible to point to sources inherent to the nation: its culture, mentality, religions, or geography.

3. His perceptual difficulties may make it impossible for him to recognize you and his family.

4. He had never previously thought of himself as acquisitive or even as particularly materialistic.

5. Like a dreamer, the young artist is absorbed in contemplation of something outside himself and does not identify with it.

6. The club, where I am staying, releases forgotten gusts of memory, like those lilies which only _ _ exhale their sweet perfume at night.

7. If it is a technique which works for you then, use it by all means .

8. You would take on some responsibility immediately for particular areas and additional responsibilities are available to those with the ability and enthusiasm to undertake.

9. This raises the question whether the education of children in rural communities is prejudiced by the imposition of a curriculum devised for urban conditions.

10. The weak point in the school is due to the_ folly of parents who remove their sons from the school at too early an age.

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Happiness is basically a state of mind. Happiness depends 1) more on one‘s disposition and outlook. Only 2) by connecting to your real identity, deeper than merely the body and 3) mind , can one reach real happiness because that is where such happiness is always 4) found . In this way, very little is needed to have a happy life. It is all within 5) yourself. Thus, we can attain a state of being satisfied 6) with what we have without being anxious to attain all our temporal desires, without 7) worrying about the future, and without concerning ourselves with 8) unnecessary hopes and fears. When you are really and naturally happy from within, 9)everything else that you accomplish can be viewed as icing on the cake, an extra sweetness to life. But such external activities are not where true happiness 10) lies .

The only 11) reason why people cannot attain their inward spiritual bliss right here and now is because they put too much 12) focus on their external situation and what they feel they need and how to get it. Or they focus on the 13) problems that they think they have. Actually, what people need to be happy is 14) right inside them, at all times, 15) regardless of whatever trials and challenges may happen outside and 16) around them. As I‘ve always said, it is not what 17)

happens to you, but it is how you perceive it and how you 18) react or respond to it that makes the difference. We have to understand that happiness and distress is a constant flow in material 19)

life . We are affected by it 20) only if we identify with it. One has to learn to rise above that by connecting with your true self, or higher self. So how do we do that?

Unit 8

1. Slender and graceful in light furs, the model wore a jeweled girdle, fine clothes and a gorgeous hat.

2. During these amazing years of unprecedented expansion, Greater London grew at a much city.

3. Complete your visit with a leisurely stroll around Cardiff Bay and enjoy the remarkable historic buildings and the delightful specialty shops.

4. As a judge who believed that there was either good or evil, with no gray area in between, he was stern with lawbreakers but generous to the poor.

5. The new ruler was condemned for his introduction of a repressive political system that allowed no freedom.

6. The pressure of population growth within the confines of a small island of only 29 square miles led to the development of an innovatory, intensive system based on very effective soil conservation techniques.

7. Then I pretended to notice him for the first time and engaged him in conversation in an _ impromptu manner.

8. Roughly one-half of the world‘s population, including almost all of East and Southeast Asia, depends on rice as its principal staple food.

9. The bank planned to charge card holders a ten-yuan annual fee from next year, which invited strong opposition from its customers.

10. Intrinsically motivating activities are those in which people will engage for no reward other than the interest and enjoyment that accompanies them.

1. While the new college was being built in Oxford Street, the students worked in a makeshift laboratory in apartments rented in a nearby street. temporary

2. He has great zeal for nature and dreams to be a biologist when he grows up. eagerness

3. It is only when foreign brands land on our doorsteps and people flock to buy them that the local manufacturers will respond to the competitive threat. gather

4. She refused to travel abroad unless accompanied by massive quantities of prescribed drugs because she could only survive the small hours by swallowing incautious numbers of sleeping tablets. the early morning

5. Nearly everyone had a very positive outlook and the plans for action to revive the area were discussed. revitalize

6. When she stayed away from him, he would wander out into the stony streets, hoping to bump into her, to glimpse her sitting in a bar or on a park bench. run into

7. Many Fine Art graduates take up professional practice as artists, and this course encourages them to consider their role as artists in the community by providing opportunities for short-term placements outside the Faculty. adopt

8. I was in some doubt as to whether the Corporal had stumbled upon us accidentally on his way out of the town. bumped into

9. She took the report, went out into the department and threw herself into her work with

tight-lipped determination. busied herself with

10. The statement said the people of Srebrenica appealed to the presidents of the United States and France to help halt the offensive. urged

cloze

Japan‘s rise from the devastation of World War II to economic prominence was not without human cost. People cannot work for ten or twelve hours a day six and seven days a week, year after year, without suffering 1)_physically_ as well as mentally. But during the first three postwar decades no one paid any special 2) _attention_ to the larger than usual number of men in their 40s and 50s who died of brain and heart ailments. It was not 3) _until_ the latter part of the 1980s, when several high-ranking business executives who were still in their 4) _prime_ years suddenly died without any previous sign of 5)_illness_ , that the news media began picking up on what appeared to be a new phenomenon.

This new phenomenon was quickly 6)_labeled_ karoshi, or ―death from overwork‖, and once it had a name and its symptoms were broadcast far and wide, it just as quickly became obvious that Japan was 7)_experiencing_ a virtual epidemic. It is 8)_estimated_ in 1990 that over 10,000 people were dying each year from overwork.

A recognized authority on karoshi says that most of the victims of death from 9)_overwork_ had been putting in more than one hundred hours of 10)_overtime_ each. He said the 11)_victims_ did not receive any overtime pay for their 12)_extra_ work, but were members of the élite managerial class who 13)_worked_ themselves to death ―out of a samurai-like pride‖.

Because of 14)_peer_ pressure to keep up with 15)_co-workers_, out-do competing groups and 16)_increase_ market-share at the expense of competitors, hundreds of thousand of Japanese managers are 17)_caught_ up in a vortex（漩涡）of psychological pressure that forces them to work 18)_at_ a frenzied pace.

After years of such 19)_intense_ over-work, most managers find that they cannot 20)_rest_ even when they do take time off. They are so wound up that not working leaves them disoriented and suffering from serious stress.

Unit 10

1. To most women, diamond is an irresistible _temptation_.

2. Don‘t worry. Even if the road is cut off by snow, we have _sufficient_ food to last a week.

3. Much should be taken into consideration when one _budgets_ for a research project.

4. People doubt whether prison is the best _sanction_ against a crime like this throughout the country.

5. I don‘t think he is qualified for the position. He _panics_ easily and is therefore useless in an emergency.

6. With a 30-year effort, the company has built a reputation of _innovative_ designs, and quality manufacturing.

7. A _suspected_ kidnapper was caught after a rush-hour police chase along a London Underground tunnel yesterday.

8. Intellectual property rights represent _exclusive_ rights for intellectual wealth created in the field of science, technology, literature and arts.

9. Since there is no better way to evaluate one‘s intellig ence, we have to place our _reliance_ on IQ

tests.

10. I hereby _affirm_ that all the information given in this form is true and correct.

1. If someone is honest and firm in his moral principles, he is a man with _ integrity _.

2. The director tried to wave aside these issues. He said they are _ trivial _ details and could be settled later.

3. The symbols and _ notations _ used in this document are essentially those in current use in North America.

4. In China ginger is not only a spice for food but also a _ remedy _ for colds.

5. We can‘t just wait for new technologies to solve our problem. We shall make _ optimal_use of existing technology.

6. I was _ intrigued_ by the report about a new plagiarism detection software.

7. The taxis in this small town have no meters so it is essential to _ negotiate_ the fare before setting off.

8. The organization aims to support projects which _ address_ the issue of campus integrity.

9. You need to _ designate_ someone to take over your affairs while you are in hospital.

10. Using another person‘s phrases or sentences without putting quotation marks around them is considered _ plagiarism_.

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Students are getting better and better at cheating, and it‘s time for college faculty and administrators to do something about it. The latest scandal to rock the academic world happened last month at the University of Maryland, where 12 students in the undergraduate business school were 1)_accused_ of using their cell phones and PDAs to cheat on an exam.

Academic cheating has been around ever 2) _since_ the first time a student successfully stole an answer key, or took someone else‘s intellectual 3) _property_ and put their own name on it. What‘s new is how easily students are exploiting 4) _technology_ to get the right answers –– or produce the perfect essay –– without their professors 5)_suspecting_ a thing.

Whether or not it is always 6)_acknowledged_ , students and professors often stand on

7)_opposite_ sides of a digital divide. The current generation of college kids has grown up on

8)_instant_ communication in the form of computers, the Internet and cell phones. They 9)_adapt_ quickly to new technology. Most professors, however, are constantly playing a 10)_catch-up_ game when it comes to technological gadgets.

Sending signals with pencil-tapping or hand gestures used to be the most 11)_sophisticated_ way students could cheat on exams in the classroom. They could also steal answer keys and memorize them in 12)_advance_, or write 13)_answers_ on small pieces of paper and sneak them into the exam room. Now, students have many more 14) _options_ , thanks to the explosion of technology in the past 15)_decade_. Students can 16)_store_ information on their calculators and 17)_access_ them discreetly during tests –– making it more 18)_difficult_ for watchful exam proctors to detect cheating.

The creation of committees to 19)_prevent_ 19 hi-tech academic fraud would help make professors aware of such cheating tools and help college campuses 20) _bridge_ the digital divide between faculty and students. In the meantime, professors and students should work hard to prevent a repeat of what happened at the University of Maryland.