2016考研英语:非谓语动词中的动词不定式

2016考研英语:非谓语动词中的动词不定式
2016考研英语:非谓语动词中的动词不定式

2016考研英语:非谓语动词中的动词不

定式

复习考研英语的人都知道语法的重要性,在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的特点,还可以充当主语、宾语、状语等,今天我们先来讲解非谓语动词中的动词不定式。

动词不定式的形式为(to)+do/be done,其中to有时要省略。通常所说的“动词原形”其实质就是不带to的不定式形式。不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。它的否定形式为not+(to)do/be done。

一、不定式的时态性

不定式从时态角度讲,具体形式分为一般式、进行式和完成式,是以不定式动作与谓语动词发生的时间的比较决定的。具体情况如下:

1.一般式

不定式的一般式所表示的不定式动词与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。

【例句】Tom plans to take part in the postgraduate entrance exams.汤姆计划要考研。

2.进行式

不定式的进行式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生。

【例句】Tom pretended to be fully sleeping.汤姆装作睡得很沉。

3.完成式

不定式的完成式表示发生于谓语动词动作之前。

【例句】Tom is pleased to have met his friend who has not kept in touch for many years.汤姆很高兴能遇上他多年未联系的朋友。

二、不定式的句子成分属性

不定式如其他非谓语动词一样可以充当多种句子成分,包括主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语以及状语。

1.作主语

【例句】To accomplish the budget in a month is impossible.在一个月内完成预算是不可能的。

2.作表语

【例句】My wife’s task is to take charge of loveliness.我老婆的任务是负责”可爱”。

3.作宾语

1)如果谓语动词为find, want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer时,不定式(宾语)后面存在宾语补足语成分,要用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置于句尾,放在宾语补足语后面。

【例句】Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。

2)动词不定式充当介词宾语

【例句】Youth like me have no choice but to make arduous efforts.像我这样的年轻人除了努力奋斗,别无选择。

3)动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用

【例句】Tom gave me some advice on how to drive cars safely.汤姆给了我一些如何安全驾车的建议。

4.作宾语补足语

在谓语动词为want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite等词时,动词不定式作宾语补足语;此外,介词后接完宾语之后有时需要接宾语补足语。

【例句】My mother forced me to drink milk before sleeping.我妈强迫我睡觉前喝牛奶。

5.作定语

动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后(后置定语)。不定式动词一般为及物动词,所修饰的名词充当不定式动词的宾语,道理与定语从句类似。

【例句】I have a lot of tasks to finish.我有很多任务要完成。

6.作状语

1)表目的

【例句】Some poor students do part-time jobs to get more money to continue their further education.一些贫困学生打工赚钱交学费继续深造。

2)表结果(表示与期望相反的结果):常放在only之后

【例句】He arrived late only to find the train had gone.他来晚了,只见火车已经走了。

3)表原因:常放在形容词之后

【例句】I am sorry to hear that, but face the music.听到这些我很难过,但还是面对现实吧。

4)表程度

【例句】The box is too heavy for Tom to carry.这个盒子对于汤姆来说太重了以至于搬不动。

5)合并简单句为非谓语动词作状语:

①二合一(两个句子如果主语相同,可以选择其中一个句子作主句,然后省略另一句的主语并把谓语改为非谓语动词形式悬挂于主句之前或之后。)

【例句】

Journalists hear that Stefanie Sun will come to Beijing.记者们听说孙燕姿要去北京。

They set out to obtain the news.他们出发去搜集新闻。

合并:Hearing that Stefanie Sun will come to Beijing, journalists set out toobtainthe news.

②多合一(多个句子合并,选择其中有相同主语的句子合并。全句保留一个主语和一个谓语,其他的动词都变成非谓语动词的形式悬挂于主句之前或之后。)

【例句】

I smoke a cigarette.

I drink water.

I break off my mouth.

I tilted my legs.

我撅着嘴,翘着二郎腿,一边抽烟一边喝水。

合并:Having broken off my mouth and titled my legs, I smoke a cigarette, drinking a glass of water.

2016考研英语的复习内容多而杂,语法只是其中的一部分,其他内容大家也要给予一定量的时间,做到均衡复习,不可偏废。

虽然有突破口、也有规律可循,但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧,要知道,想要精通世界上任何一门语言,除非有天生的语言天分,否则偷不得半分懒,只能勤勤恳恳反复练习。一遍不懂读两遍,默念不行就大声念出来,遇到不认识的单词就查,不懂的句子就静下心来拆分结构。总之,读书百遍、其义自现,英语学习之路上没有笨蛋,只有懒人。综上就是小编给大家提供的高分技巧,技巧就是牢固的知识点和强悍的答题思路,预祝所有考生2016考研有个好成绩。

凯程教育:

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敬业:以专业的态度做非凡的事业;

服务:以学员的前途为已任,为学员提供高效、专业的服务,团队合作,为学员服务,为学员引路。

如何选择考研辅导班:

在考研准备的过程中,会遇到不少困难,尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说,通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足,可以大大提高复习效率,节省复习时间,大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班,或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。

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