主谓一致

主谓一致

主谓一致，主语和谓语一致，是指谓语动词和主语鼻息保持人称和数上保持一致，即主语是单数，谓语动词也用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数。它通常依据三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。

一、语法一致

即“单则单，复则复”。

1. 由and连接两个单词作主语时，要看其意义来决定谓语动词的用单数还是复数。

（1）如果表示的是两个不同的对象，谓语动词用复数

John and Mary are my friends. John 和Mary都是我的朋友。

The worker and the writer have come to the meeting. 那位工人和那位作家都来参加会议了。

（2）如果表示的是同一个整体或者指的是同一个事物，谓语动词用单数。The worker and writer has come. 那位工人作家来了。

Fish and chips is a popular supper here. 炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。

（3）两个单数名词前有every, each, no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

Every boy and every girl wants to help the farmers pick oranges. 每个男孩和每个女孩都想去帮农民摘桔子。

2.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anyboday, no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anthing, nothing, something, everything, everyone everybody, neither等做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

none 作主语时，谓语动词单、复数均可。

Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用电话。

Is everybody here today? 今天大家到了吗？

3.主语+介词（短语）：with, except, like, over, besides, as well as, rather than, more than, together with, along with等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前面的主语为准。

I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们，我也愿意帮助你。

A woman with two children is over here at the bus stop.

一个带着两个小孩的妇女在公共汽车站的那儿。

4.动名词、不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛健康有益。

To play in the street is dangerous. 在大街上玩耍是危险的。

5.both, few, a few, many, several, some, others做主语，或他们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

Both of them are my class. 他们俩在我们班。

A few people can live to 100, but few can live to 150. 有的人可以活到100岁，但没有人可以活到150岁。

二、意义一致

主语和谓语动词的一直关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式。

1.police（警察）, people（人们）等有生命意义的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The police are searching the hill for the spies. 警察在山上搜捕间谍。

In England, people eat fish and chips. 在英国，人们吃油煎鱼加炸土豆片。

当people作“民族译时，谓语动词用单数。

The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是个伟大的民族。

2.family, class, group, team等有生命意义的集体名词做主语时，

如强调整体，谓语动词用单数

如被看作组成该集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数。

Our family is a happy one. 我们有一个幸福的家庭。

My family all like music. 我的家人都喜欢音乐。（指家庭中一个个成员之和）3.old, young, poor, rich等形容词与the连用，表示一类人，意义是复数，谓语动词用复数。

The old are taken good care of here. 这儿的老人受到很好的照顾。

4.English, Chinese, Japanese等与the连用时表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The English speak English.

The Chinese are kind and friendly.

5.姓氏用复数，且前面加上the表示一家人或者夫妇二人，常用复数。

The Greens are going to London for a holiday. 格林家打算到伦敦度假。

6. 名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs作主语时，谓语动词取决于改动词后面名词的数。

动词后面的名词为单数，谓语动词用单数；

动词后面的名词为复数，谓语动词用复数。

Ours are old bike. 我们的是旧单车。

My father is a doctorand theirs are workers,我的父亲是医生，他们的是工人。

7.以-s结尾名词，如news, works（作品）, maths, plastic及以-ics结尾的学科名称名词，如physics, politics等做主语，谓语动词必须用单数。

The news was very exciting. 这个消息激动人心。

Maths is very popular in our class. 数学在我们班很流行。

8.有的名词如trousers（裤子）, clothes（衣服）, glasses（眼镜）,compasses（圆规）, chopsticks（筷子）等做主语，谓语动词用复数。

What color are Jim’s trousers?

My clothes are on the bed.

9.表示时间、距离、重量、价格、长度数学运算等的名词复数做主语，表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。

Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。

Three plus four is seven. 三加四等于七。

10.含有of的短语和介词宾语做主语时：

（1）half of, some of , most of, all of, a lot of, five sevens of, percent of等短语的动词单复数取决于of后面所跟名词或代词。

即：单数名词，谓语动词就用单数；

复数名词，谓语动词就用复数。

Half of my spare time is spent on my hobby.

Two thirds of the workers in the factory are women. 这间工厂三分之二工人是妇女。

●但名词population除外，当作整体时，谓语动词用单数；

强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。

The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are farmers.

中国的人口是13.6亿，其中70%是农民。

（2）当pair of, piece of, kind of, glass of, cup of, box of, bag of, basket of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词的形式要与of前面的量词保持一致。

This kind of books is very popular with young people.

This pair of shoes is mine. Those two pairs of shoes are yours.

（3）either of +名词或代词，neither of +名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；

none of+名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。

Has either of them told you about it? 他们俩中一人告诉你此事吗？

Neither of the answers is right. 两种答案都不对。

（4）a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a number of+名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据名词的数来确定。

A lot of boys are under the tree. 许多孩子在树下。

Lots of food is in the fridge. 许多食物在冰箱。

●但the number of+名词时，谓语动词要用单数，意为“…的数量”，强调的

是一个数字

The number of students in our school is more than for hundred.

我们学校的学生人数是四百多。

三、就近一致

就近一致原则是指当主语是两个或者两个以上的并列名词或代词时，谓语动词的数要与最近的名词或者代词的数保持一致。

1.连词or, either…or, not…but, neither…nor, not only…but also, wheter…or 等连接并列主语时，谓语与它最靠近的主语保持一致。

Are either you or he wrong? 要么是你错，要么是他错吗？

Not only I but also Tom and Jim are tired of having one examination after another. 不进我而且Tom 和Jim也厌烦了一个接一个的考试。

2.there be，here be句子中，如果注意不止一个时，谓语动词be的数要与最近的名词或者代词的数保持一致。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.

桌上有一支笔，一把刀和几本书。

There are several books, a pen and a knife on the desk.

桌上有几本书，一支笔和一把刀。