Econ 160 Ch 02
SCI国际期刊缩写与全称对照
ISNN 0149-1423 1522-1059 1532-8813 0942-8925 0025-5858 1069-6563 1040-2446 1076-6332 0001-4842 0949-1775 0889-325X 0889-3241 0360-0300 0362-1340 0734-2071 0362-5915 1084-4309 0730-0301 1046-8188 0098-3500 0164-0925 1049-331X 1063-7710 1091-5397 1610-1928 0906-4702 0906-4710 0139-3006 0001-5172 0167-8019 0065-1036 0094-5765 0001-5237 1672-9145 0001-527X 0001-5296 0236-5383 0325-2957 0138-4988 0001-5342 1253-8078 1672-6650 0001-5385 0567-7351
139 ADV CEM RES 140 ADV CHROMATOGR 141 ADV CHRONIC KIDNEY D 142 ADV CLIN CHEM 143 ADV COLLOID INTERFAC 144 ADV COMPOS LETT 145 ADV COMPOS MATER 146 ADV COMPUT 147 ADV COMPUT MATH 148 ADV DRUG DELIVER REV 149 ADV ECOL RES 150 ADV ENG INFORM 151 ADV ENG MATER 152 ADV ENG SOFTW 153 ADV ENVIRON RES 154 ADV ENZYME REGUL 155 ADV EXP MED BIOL 156 ADV FUNCT MATER 157 ADV GENET 158 ADV GEOM 159 ADV GEOPHYS 160 ADV HEALTH SCI EDUC 161 ADV HETEROCYCL CHEM 162 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS 163 ADV IMMUNOL 164 ADV INORG CHEM 165 ADV INSECT PHYSIOL 166 ADV MAR BIOL 167 ADV MATER 168 ADV MATER PROCESS 169 ADV MATH 170 ADV MICROB PHYSIOL 171 ADV NEUROL 172 ADV NONLINEAR STUD 173 ADV NUCL PHYS 174 ADV NURS SCI 175 ADV ORGANOMET CHEM 176 ADV PARASIT 177 ADV PHYS 178 ADV PHYS ORG CHEM 179 ADV PHYSIOL EDUC 180 ADV POLYM SCI 181 ADV POLYM TECH 182 ADV POWDER TECHNOL 183 ADV PROTEIN CHEM 184 ADV QUANTUM CHEM 185 ADV 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91
011环境类期刊分类明细
41 42 43 44 44 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 28 29 30 31 32 33
BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL ECOL ENG MAR ECOL-PROG SER BASIC APPL ECOL ECOL ECON PEDOBIOLOGIA J CHEM ECOL MOL ECOL NOTES J VEG SCI ANIM CONSERV BIOTROPICA LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN J N AM BENTHOL SOC J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL BIODIVERS CONSERV ECOL COMPLEX ECOL MODEL THEOR POPUL BIOL AQUAT MICROB ECOL ECOL SOC ECOHYDROLOGY ORYX EVOL ECOL RES POLAR BIOL RESTOR ECOL INDOOR AIR ECOL ENG INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS AMBIO WASTE MANAGE ENVIRON CHEM LETT RESOUR CONSERV RECY J CLEAN PROD BUILD ENVIRON J AIR WASTE MANAGE ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH J AM WATER RESOUR AS J POLYM ENVIRON STOCH ENV RES RISK A COLD REG SCI TECHNOL ATMOS ENVIRON AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON ECOL INDIC ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW SCI TOTAL ENVIRON ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
中央空调MAC160~210模块机样本-PM-ACA-C010
kg kg kg mm mm mm
MAC MAR
170A 170AR
50
50
--
54
16.7 16.7
-- 17.3
29.9 29.9
-- 30.3
8.7 8.7
40
40
1.5 1.5
18 690 710 2056 1140 2193
19 690 7100 2056 1140 2193
MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC
温度控制 ■ 制冷回水温度控制 ■ 制热回水温度控制 ■ 除霜温度控制
保护功能 ■ 制冷低水温防冻保护 ■ 压缩机运行保护 ■ 冬季防冻保护 ■ 电机过载保护 ■ 开机延时保护
记忆功能 ■ 机组停电期间由后备电池供电计时 ■ 用户设定的参数值，在停电期间仍保留在系统
记忆中 ■ 控制器根据各机组运行时间，指挥应运行组别
和机组台数，并实现平均磨损
报警显示 ■ 机组发生故障时，控制器发出声光报警 ■ 显示相应的故障代码，自动处理 ■ 按级别进行报警和显示 ■ 15 路故障输入，1 路故障输出报警开关
联锁控制 ■ 末端二通阀联锁控制系统，当二通阀全部关闭，
系统将暂停工作，只要有二通阀打开，系统将 继续运行 ■ 短接 JP6 端口可屏蔽二通阀联锁
380V/3N~/50Hz
高效板式热交换器
17.4 17.4 26.1 26.1 34.8 34.8 43.5 43.5 52.2 52.2
41.5 41.5 42.3 42.3 44
44
45.8 45.8
47
47
5″法兰接头
轴流式大叶片低噪声风机
3
3
英文文献检索
英文文献检索[转]文献检索是非常麻烦的事情，一般都是通过各种数据库进行检索，但由于购买的电子数据库基本都只有1997年以后的文献，文献量比较少，而且很多领域属于落后于国外20-30年的研究，一般很难查到，即使能查到出处，但无原文。
文献查找是个费时费力的事情，需要细心和耐心，反复查找，以下谈谈个人关于如何利用网络进行文献查找的一些经验。
①搜索引擎的高级功能搜索引擎主要和，则仅在检索中文时稍好点，英文很差，用处不大。
我们常用的google侧重于网页的检索，Scholar则主要针对学术类文献进行检索，格式主要是pdf，对于论文的引用也会显示，对于知道文献名和作者的情况比较容易直接找到pdf文档，一般这两个搜索引擎要联合使用。
Google的高级检索功能中有几个常用的功能：（1）锁定关键词检索：使用双引号如”停车”，则所有检索结果均包含双引号中的内容，以减少检索结果量；（2）文件类型检索：文件类型主要是.pdf和.doc文档，国外文献大部分以pdf格式发布，使用格式限制可以排除很多不必要的检索结果，如输入：停车filetype:pdf，当然其它google识别的格式都可使用；（3）指定网址检索：如果发现某个网站有需要的文献，则可以直接指定到该网站检索，以获得需要的资料，如输入：停车site:。
Google的详细功能请参照google的高级检索，百度在使用上相同。
②关键词的使用检索结果如何，和关键词的使用直接相关，所以，首先要弄清楚在英文中关键词有哪几种表达方式，分别进行检索，而对于文献综述类，可以使用：review、overview、literature review、history、development、trend等和关键词一起检索。
关键词的检索并不是一次就能确定下来的，刚开始选用几个看能否找到，如果找到一些，先初步看看那些文献，对内容有了更深一些的认识后同时也对检索关键词增加了了解，实际上是不断调整检索关键词的过程③参考文献的使用检索到一些文章后，先要看看文献后的参考文献，国外文献一般都会很详细的列出，可根据参考文献相应的进行有目的的检索，如找到指定数据库的期刊，或者检索作者，作者的个人主页一般提供作者本人发表文献的下载（最好的资源），有些还提供作者的E-mal，可直接写信给作者，一般对方都会提供。
汽车功能中英文对照表
205 DOOR
DR
206 DOUBLE
DBL
207 DOWEL
DWL
208 DRAGLINK
D/LINK
209 DRAWING
DWG
210 DRAWING CHANGE NOTICE
DCN
211 DRAWN
DWN
212 DRIVE
DRV
213 DRIVE PINION
D/PINION
214 DRIVER SEAT
86 CENTER
CTR
87 CENTERLINE
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
C/L
88 CENTERLINE OF FRONT SPRING EYE FSE
89 CENTER OF GRAVITY
CG
90 CENTER PILLAR
C/PLR
91 CENTER TO CENTER
C TOC
92 CENTER WEIGHT
C/WT
N0
1 ABSORBER
英文
2 ACCELERATOR
3 ACCELERATOR
4 ACCUMULATOR
5 ACTUATING
6 ACTUATOR
7 ADAPTATION
8 ADAPTOR
9 ADDENDUM
10 ADJUST
11 ADJUSTMENT
12 ADVANCE
13 AIR CLEANER
园周 等级 分类 滤水器 清除(交换) 螺帽 顺时针,右转的 截止 离合器 驾驶舱 共用
准直(平行) 圆柱 结合 燃烧(氧化) 空流器 结束整流器 间隔(舱) 完全的,圆满的 完全, 成分,构造 压缩 压缩机 集中性的 蓄电池 导管,水管 结合,连接
巴德 宏观经济学原理(英文版第8版)学生课件Econ_Ch10
26.1 Financial Institutions and Markets
(4 of 13)
During 2016, the value of Tom’s machines fell by $20,000, depreciation. During 2016, Tom’s spent $30,000 on new machines—gross investment. Tom’s net investment was $10,000, so at the end of 2014,Tom had capital valued at $40,000.
Copyright © 2018, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
26.1 Financial Institutions and Markets
(5 of 13) Wealth is the value of all the things that a person owns. Saving is the amount of income that is not paid in taxes or spent on consumption goods and services; saving adds to wealth.
Copyright © 2018, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
26.1 Financial Institutions and Markets
Ch4Consumption,Saving,andInvestment：CH4消费，储蓄，投资
Reading: Abel, Bernanke, Croushore, Kneebone, Macroeconomics Ch.4 Ch.4: Consumption, Saving, and Investment Objectives: ∙Examine the factors that underlie economy wide demand for goods and services.∙Assumes a closed economy.∙Focuses on consumption and investment.∙Equivalent to studying saving and capital formation.∙Examines the trade-off between present and future.∙Discuss why goods market gets equilibrium when desired savingequals desired investment.∙How real interest rate plays key role in bringing goods market toequilibrium.1.Consumption and SavingWhen people choose saving and consumption, they think about present vs.future.1. Increase in current income: both consumption and saving increase(vice versa for decrease in current income)2. Desired consumption (C d): consumption amount desired by households3. Desired national saving (S d): level of national saving whenconsumption is at its desired level S d = Y – C d– G when NFP = 0A. The consumption and saving decision of an individual.1). The rate a person trades off current and future consumption dependson the ____________ interest rate prevailing in the economy.▪The real interest rate is the amount that a lender can earn, or a borrower will have to pay for every dollar lent/borrowed per year.2). The real interest rate, r, determines the __________________ ofcurrent consumption and future consumption.▪$1 worth of consumption today is equivalent to _________ dollar’s worth of consumption in the next time period. (Assuming inflation = 0).B. Effects of changes in current income1). Recall: Keynesian consumption function: C d = a +bY da). Desired consumption depends on current aggregate disposableincomeb). b = marginal propensity to consume (MPC); between 0 and 1The ______________ of additional current income that oneconsumes in the current period is the marginal propensity toconsume (MPC)MPC = ∆C d/ ∆Y dc). a = autonomous consumption: consumption that is_________________from income.2). When current income (Y) rises by $1, C d rises, but not by as much as Y,so S d ___________. S d rises by the fraction of the $1 ______ spent on consumption.C. The effects of changes in expected future income1). Higher expected future income leads to ____________ consumptiontoday because of consumption smoothing motive, so current saving_______________.▪ The consumption-smoothing motive is the desire to have a relatively __________ pattern of consumption over time.▪ A one-time income bonus is likely to be _________and the income earned on that saving spread over time.2). Current consumption will ______________ and current savings will______________ when expected future income increases, because of the smoothing motive.D. Effects of changes in wealth1). Increase in wealth ____________ current consumption, so____________current saving because one does not need to save asmuch for the future anymore.2). Housing wealth and consumer spending:Consumers increase spending more due to increase in housing wealththan by increase in stock market wealth. The three reasons area). 2/3 of households own their homes;b) Stock prices are far more volatile than are housing prices; andc) Increases in wealth arising from increases in housing prices areexempt from capital gain taxation.E. Effect of changes in the real interest rate1). For a lender an increase in real interest rate has two opposite effects:a). The income effect (IE) of the real interest rate reflects a__________effect on saving, since increase in current incomefrom wealth will ____________ current consumption and thus_____________ in current saving.b). The substitute effect (SE) of the real interest rate on savingreflects the _______________ effect on saving, since theopportunity cost of current consumption increases and thusincrease current saving.2). For a borrower when real interest rate increases, the substitution effectand income effect both result in _____________ in saving.3). Empirical evidence is that an increase in real interest rate ___________consumption and _____________ saving, but the effect is not very strong.4). Taxes and the real return to saving► Expected after-tax real interest rate: r a-t = (1- t)i - πeQ: i = 5%, πe = 2%; if t = 30%, what is r a-t？How about if t = 20%?A:By reducing the tax rate on interest the government can increase thereal rate of return for saver and (possibly) increase the rate of saving in the economy.F. Fiscal Policy▪Assumption: the economy’s aggregate output is given; it is not affected by the change in fiscal policy.▪The government fiscal policy has two major components: _______________________________ and __________________.1). Government purchases (G) (temporary increase)a). Higher G financed by current taxes reduces after-tax income,lowering desired consumption.b). Even true if financed by higher future taxes, if people realizehow future incomes are affected.c). Since C d declines less than G rises, national saving(S d = Y - C d - G) declines.d). So government purchases reduce both ________and ________.2). Taxesa). Lump-sum tax cut today, financed by higher future taxesb). Decline in future income __________ increase in current income.c). Ricardian equivalence proposition(i) If future income loss exactly offset current income gain,there is ______________________ in consumption.(ii) Tax change affects only the ____________ of taxes, not theirultimate amount.(iii) In practice, people may not see that future taxes will rise iftaxes are cut today; then a tax cut leads to _____________desiredconsumption and ______________ desired national saving.2.InvestmentA. Why is investment important?1). Investment fluctuates _____________ over the business cycle, so weneed to understand investment to understand the business cycle.2). Investment plays a crucial role in ________________________ anddetermines the long run ________________________________ of theeconomy.B. The desired capital stock1). Desired capital stock is the amount of capital that allows firms toearn the ____________ expected profit.2). Desired capital stock depends on costs and benefits of ____________capital.3). Since investment becomes capital stock with a __________, thebenefit of investment is the _____________ marginal product ofcapital (MPK f).4). The user cost of capitala). User cost of capital = real cost of using a unit of capital for aspecified period of time.b). It includes cost of capital, depreciation rate, and expected realinterest rate.►5). Determining the desired capital stocka). Desired capital stock is the level of capital stock at which__________________________.b). MPK f falls as K rises due to diminishing marginal productivity,thus MPK f is _______________ sloping.c). uc doesn’t vary with K, so is a horizontal lined). If MPK f > uc, profits rise as K is added (____________________)e). If MPK f < uc, profits rise as K is reduced (__________________)f). Profits are maximized where _________________.MPK f, ucKC. Changes in the desired capital stock1). Factors that shift the MPK f curve or change the user cost of capitalcause the desired capital stock to change.2). These factors are changed in the ___________________,____________________________, __________________________,or _______________________________ that affect the MPK f.E.g.1. A decline in the real interest rateMPK fK Result:E.g.2. The economy experiences technological advancementMPK fKResult:3). Taxes and the desired capital stocka). With taxes, the return to capital is only (1 –τ) MPK fb). Setting the return equal to the user cost gives:►c). Tax-adjusted user cost of capital is __________________.d). An increase in τ ______________ the tax-adjusted user cost and____________ the desired capital stock.e). In reality, there are complications to the tax-adjusted user cost(1) We assumed that firm revenues were _____________.(i) In reality, _____________, not revenues, are taxed.(ii) So depreciation allowances reduce the tax paid by firms,because they _____________ profits.(2) Investment tax credits reduce taxes when firms make_________investments.(3) Summary measure: the effective tax rate is the tax rate onfirm revenue that would have the same effect on the desiredcapital stock as do the actual provisions of the tax code.D. From the desired capital stock to investment1). The capital stock changes from two opposing channels:a). New capital ____________ the capital stock; this is __________investment.b). The capital stock depreciates, which _________ the capital stockGross Investment – Depreciation = Net Investment►where I is gross investment and net investment equals the change inthe capital stock.2). Rewriting the equation gives:►a). If firms can change their capital stocks in one period, then thedesired capital stock (K*) = K t+1b). So I t= K* – K t + dK tc). Thus investment has two parts:(i) Desired net increase in capital stock over the year (K*–K t)(ii) Investment needed to replace depreciated capital (dK t)3). Lags and investmenta). Some capital can be constructed easily, but other capitalmay take years to put in place.b). So investment needed to reach the desired capital stockmay be spread out over several years.E. Investment in inventories and housing▪ Marginal product of capital and user cost also apply, as with equipment and structures.▪A firm’s inventories are ____________________, ____________________and ________________________. It is the most volatile component of investment spending.▪ Residential investment is the construction of _______________ or________________________________.3.Goods Market EquilibriumA. Adjusting real interest rate brings the goods market to equilibriumThe real interest rate is the key to bring the quantity of goods supplied and demanded into balance.1). Goods market equilibrium condition: __________________________2). It differs from income-expenditure identity, as good market equilibriumcondition need __________ hold; undesired goods may be produced, sogoods market won’t be in equilibrium3). Alternative representation: since S d= Y – C d– G,►B. The saving-investment diagram1). Plot S d vs. I dS d: ____________ sloping—higher real interest rate raises desired S dI d: __________________ sloping – higher real interest rate increasesthe user cost of capitalrS d ,I d2). Equilibrium where _________________3). How to reach equilibrium? Adjustment of r4). Shifts of the saving curvea). Saving curve shifts right due to:(i).(ii).(iii).(iv).(v).b). Example: Temporary increase in government purchasesc). Result of lower savings: higher r, causing crowding out of I5). Shifts of the investment curvea). Investment curve shifts right due to:(i).(ii).b). Example: an innovation or economic reform raises MPK fc). Result of increased investment: higher r, higher S and I。
hydac部分型号
30091920009 L 002 BN0050 S 125 W0060 D 005 BN4HC0060 R 010 BN4HC/-KB 0060D 025 W/HC0060D003BH4CH0060D003BN4CH0060D005BN4CH0100 S 125 W /-B0.20100S125W/-B0.20110 D 003 BH4HC0110 D 005 BH4HC0110 R010 BN4HC0110D005BN4HC0160 DN 025 BN4HC0160 MA 010 BN0160 MG 010 P0160D 010BN4HC0160D003BH4HC0160D010BH3HC0160DN025W/HC/-V 0160DN025W/HC/-V 0160DN025W/HC/-V0160DN050W/HC0160MA010BN0160MA025P0160R 010 BN4HC0165 R 010 BN4HC0165R010BN3HC0240 R 020 BN4HC/-KB 0240D 010 BH4HC0250DN025W/HC/-V 0250DN025W/HC/-V0280D200W/HC0330 R 020 BN4HC/-KB 0400 DN 025 BN4HC/-SO214 0400 RK 010 MM0400DN025W/HC0500D003BH3HC0660 D 003 BN4HC0660 D 005 BH4HC0660D010BN4HC/-V0660R010BN4HC0850R020BN4HC1300 R 010 BN4HC1300 R BN4HC1300R 003 BN4HC1300R010BN4HC/-B4-BE501300R025W/HC160LV*M50*1.5/VG5NBR20/460SB330/400-200NBR 1700R 20u1700R050W/HC2.110 D 06 BH2600 R 040 AM2600R005ECON22600R020BN3HC620.01.204.21(G1/4)BAUSATZ FZP-3/4.0/P/100BF P 3 G 10 W 1.0BF P 3 G 10 W 4.0 /-RVBLABBER 10L*7/8-14UNF/VG5 NBR20/P460 BLABBER 13L*7/8-14UNF/VG5 NBR20/P460 BLABBER 2.5L*7/8-14UNF/VG5 NBR20/P460(co BLABBER 20L*7/8-14UNF/VG5 NBR20/P460 BLABBER 20L*7/8-14UNF/VG5 NBR20/P460 BLABBER 24L*7/8-14UNF/VG5 NBR20/P460(com) BLABBER 32L*7/8-14UNF/VG5 NBR20/P460 BLABBER 50L M50*1.5/VG5 NBR20/P460 BLABBER 50L*7/8-14UNF/VG5 NBR20/P460 Bladder 50L*7/8-14UNF/VG5 NBR20/CK35 BLBN162S3W20BLF P5G 10W 4.0CST-1-400DB10120A-02X-250VDB12120A-01X-250VDB4E-01X-200VDB4E-01X-350VDEV-12-01.1/0DF BH/HC 160 G 10 A 1.1DF BH/HC 160 T E 10 A 1.1 /-B6DF BH/HC 240 T E 10 D 1.1 /-L24DF BH/HC 240QE3D1.0/-L24DF BH/HC 280 Q E 10 D 1.0 /-L24DF BH/HC 280 T E 10 D 1.0 /-L24DF BH/HC 30 T B 10 B 1.0DF BH/HC 330 TF 3 D1.0/-L24DF BH/HC 330 TF 5 D1.0/-L24DF BH/HC 500QE3D1.0/-L24/DF BH/HC 60QE3D1.0/-L24/DF BH/HC 660QE10D1.0/-L24/DF BH/HC110G10D1.0DF BH/HC110QE10D1.0/L24DF BH/HC110QE20D1.0/L24DF BH/HC280 QE10D1.0/-L24-B6-0IADF BH/HC660 TF 03 D1.X/L24DF BN/HC 1320 TF 20 LZ 3.0/-B6DF BN/HC 240 QE 05 D1.0/-L24DF BN/HC 280 QE 10B1.0DF BN/HC 280 TE 10D1.1/-L24-BDF BN/HC 280 TE 10D1.1/-L24-B6DF BN/HC 30 Q E 10 B 1.0/-B6DF BN/HC 30 T B 10 C 1.0DF BN/HC 330 QE 10 D1.0/-L24DF BN/HC 60 T C 10 A 1.0DF BN/HC 60 T C 10 C 1.1DF BN/HC 660QE05D1.X/L24-B6DF BN/HC 990 TF 20GC2.0-113-B6DF BN/HC 990/QE10D2.X-L24-VFDF BN/HC 990QE10D2.X/-L24-V/DF BN/HC140G10BLXDF DK BH/HC 660 QAL 5 D 1.1 /-L24DF DK BN/HC 160 QAF10D1.0/-L24DFF BN/HC140TC5B1.0XDFF-HB/HC-160-G-3-C-1X/-V-L24 DFF-HB/HC-60-G-3-C-1X/-V-L24 DFN BN/HC 160 L E 10 D1.0/-L24DFP BN/HC 60 Q B 10 BM 1.0DFP-BH/HC 60 QB5D1.0/L24DFZ-BH/HC 110 QC 10 C1.XDFZ-BH/HC 30 QB 10 C1.XDLHSD-010-12/250DRVP-10-12XDRVP12-0.1XDRVP-20-0.12DS1103VAYYB1-D099反冲洗过滤器表盘DV-08-01.1/0DV-08-01.1/0DV-08-01.1/0DV-16-01X/0DV5E-01XDVE-08-01.1/0DVE-10-920-01-C-VDVE-12-01.1/0DVE-16-01.1/0DVE-16-920-01-C-VDVP12.1.1/0VDVP30-1-1XEDS 344-2-016-000EDS1691-N-C-400-00EDS1791-N-400-000 老型号为1691EDS1791-N-400-001EDS308-5-400-017EDS3318-5-0010-000-E1EDS3346-2-060-000-F1+ZBE06-05+ZBM30000EDS344-2-400-000EDS344-2-400-000+ZBE02EDS344-3-016-000EDS344-3-600-000EDS3446-1-0250-000EDS3446-1-0400-000EDS3448-5-0400-000EDS345-1-016-000EDS345-1-250-000EDS345-1-400-000EDS346-3-040-000EDS346-3-250-000EDS346-3-400-000EDS346-3-400-000+ZBE08-05 电缆5mEDS346-3-400-000+ZBE08-05+ZBM3000EDS346-3-400-0000+ZBE08-05EDS347-4-250-S00EDS-3476-2-3000-400-F1EDS-3476-3-3000-400-F1ELF P 3 F 10 W 1.0ELF P 3 F 10 W 4.0 /-RV（mat.no. 306040）， ELF P 5 G 10 W 2.0ELF P 7 F 3 W 1.0 /-SO148ELFP3F10W1.0ENS 311P-8-0410-000-KENS 311P-8-0410-000-KENS 3118-5-0520-000-KENS3216-2-0410-000-KENS3216-2-0410-000-P 停产 K替代PENS3218-5-0520-000-K+ZEBE06ERVE-R1 1/2-10XERVE-R1/2-10XERVE-R1-10XES-1082A-10 SPULE 24VDC 23OHMETS1701-100-000ETS-1701-100-000ETS1701-100-000+TFP100+S.SETS1710-100-000ETS326-3-100-000+ZBE06ETS386-2-150-000ETS386-3-150-000+TFP100+S.S+ZBE06+ZBM300F+P-32-38SR-6112-02X DN16FCM-060-K-N-2B10-BFEK-176-2.5/C/-/12FLND BN/HC250 DDF5D1.X/-L24-B7 FMNDBN/HC160LDE10D1.X/L24B7 FMNDW/HC160LDE25D1.X/L24B7 FMNDW/HC160LDE25D1.X/L24B7 FMNDW/HC160LDE25D1.X/L24B7 FMNDW/HC250LDE25D1.X/L24B7 FMNDW/HC250LDE25D1.X/L24B7 FPU-1-400F2.5G11A3KFSA127 1.1/T/12FSA-254-1.X/T/12FSA-254-2.X/FT200/12FSA-254-2.X/T/12FSK-127-2.X/-/12FSK-176-2.4/0/-/12 FUELLVENTIL G3/4-NBR-SK-236612 FZP-3/3.0/P/100/70/RV10GSV6-10H/DH-D0040DN025W/HC/VHDA 7446-A-400-U00HDA3744-C-250-000HDA-3800-A-350-199HDA3840-A-250-124(6M)HDA3840-A-350-124(6M电缆）HDA3840-A-350-124(6M电缆）HDA3844-A-250-000HDA3844-A-600-000HDA3845-A-250-000HDA3845-A-400-000HDA4344-A-0009-000-F1HDA4444-A-250-000HDA4445-A-016-000HDA4445-A-400-000HDA4744-A-400-000HDA-4745-A-250-000/ZBE01HDA-4745-A-400-000HDA4746-A-400-000HDA5500-0-1-AC-000HEX S615-80-00HEX 610-100-00/G1"HEX 610-20-00/G1''HEX 610-70-00/G1HEX S610-50-00HEX S610-70-00/G1"HEX615-20HM100-250HM63-100-B-G1/4-FF HM63-100-B-G1/4-FF HM63-100-B-G1/4-FF HM63-160-B-G1/4-FF HM63-250-B-G1/4-FF HM63-250-B-G1/4-FF HM63-250-B-G1/4-FFHM63-250-B-M14*1.5-FF HM63-25-B-G1/4-FFK1S100-NK2S100-NK3S150-NK409 接头KCS50-NKFZP-1*2/3.0/P/71/18 KHB-06LR-1112-03X-A-SW09 KHB-10SR-1112-03XKHB-15LR-1112-01XKHB-16-F6-11121-01XKHB-16SR-1112-01XKHB-16SR-1112-01XKHB-18LR-1112-02XKHB-20-F6-11121-01XKHB-20SR-1112-06XKHB-22LR-1112-01XKHB-25SR-1112-01XKHB-25SR-1314-01XKHB-30SR-1112-01X KHB-30SR-1314-01XKHBF-025-PN040-11141-02X KHB-G1/2-1112-01XKHB-M27*1.5-1112-01X KHB-M30×1.5-1212-01X KHF3/6-40-1114-36X-G KHF3-65-1114-05XKHF3-80-1114-05XKHM-32-F3-11141-06X KHM-32-F6-11141-6XKHM-38SR-1112-01X KHM-38SR-1314-01XKHM-40-F6-11141-06X KHM-50-F6-11141-06XKHMFF-040-PN040-11141-06XKHMFF-100-PN16-8834-02KHMFF-125-PN016-8834-06XKHM-G1 1/4 1112-06XKHM-G11/2-1112-01XKHN3K-G3/8-T2233-12XKHNVS-G3/8-2233KHNVS-RP1/4-2233-16XKHNVS-RP1-2233-16XKHNVS-RP2-2233-16XKHP-16-1112-06XKHP-20-1114-02XKHP3K-10-L-1114-04XKHP-50-1114-06XLF BN/HC 110 I C 10 C 1.0LF BN/HC 160 IE05D1.X/-B3-L24LF BN/HC 330 I F 10 C 1.0LF BN/HC 60 I C 10 C 1.0LF BN/HC 660 I F 10 C 1.0LFBN/HC660IF10D1X/L24LFP 160 GE 010 BN/HC A1.1/-B3LPF BN/HC 280 D E 10 D 1.1 /-LED MDF BN/HC 60 O C 5 D 1.0 /-L24MF BN 80 AUC 10 A 0.0/-B1.7MS-5A-2.1MSL 2A 2.0/180/250N2S-F 大车N2S-M 小车N5AM002NF BN/HC 1350 D L 10 LZ 2.1NFD-BNHC-2610-DAP-10-LZ-2.0OFU10P2M2B03BOKA-EL4L/28/3.0/M/400-50/1OKA-EL6S/40/3.0/W/A/1/OKAF-EL8S/100/3.0/B/M/A/LPF280/4/1 OKAF-EL8S/69/3.1/D/M/A/LPF280/4/1 OKAF-EL8S/70/3.0/B/M/A/LPF280/4/1 OK-EL10L-A/M/A/1OK-EL11L/3.0/M/A/1OK-EL11L/3.0/M/A/1 SAE3OK-EL4S/3.0/M/660-50/1OK-EL4S/3.0/M/A/1OK-EL6S/3.1/M/A/1OKEL-8S/3.1/M/660V-690V-50HZ/1OK-ELC0H/1.0/220-240V/1/SOK-ELD4H/3.1/24V/1/SOK-ELD6H(标准）OK-ELH10/1.0/H14/1/SOK-ELH6/1.1/H6.3/S/IBT45PFM-0-G-0-V-0-0/SZ-0-500-S-VPFM-0-G-0-V-0-0/SZ-0-500-S-VRBE-R1/2-X-50RBE-R1/2-X-75RBE-R1/4-X-15RF BN/HC 110 D C 20 E 1.0RF BN/HC 1300 DP 10D1.0X/-L24RF BN/HC 240 D E 20 E 1.0RF BN/HC 330 D L 10 C 1.0RF BN/HC160DE10D1X-L24RF BN/HC160DE5B1.XRF BN/HC330 D G 10 ES 1.0RF3-1-EPT2-NM-N-1-1-0/KS200-1RF3-1-EPT2-NM-N-1-1-0/KS200-1(滤芯）RF3-2-EPT2-NM-N-1-1-0/KS100-2RF3-2-EPT2-NM-N-1-1-0/KS100-2（滤芯）RF3-3-EPT2-NM-N-1-1-0/KD25RF3-3-EPT2-NM-N-1-1-0/KS50RF3-4-EPT2-NM-N-1-1-0/KS100-4RF3-7-EPT2-NM-N-1-1-0/KS50-7RF3-C-EPT2-NM-N-1-1-0/KS50-CRF3-C-EPT2-NM-N-1-1-0/KS50-C(滤芯）RFBN/HC660DN10D1.1/-L.24-A5-B6RFD BN/HC1300 DAP5C1.0/24LRFD BN/HC 330DAL10D1.X/L24RFD BN/HC 951DAP10D1.X/L24RFD BN/HC330 DAG10D1.X/-L24-B6RFD BN/HC-660 DAN10D1.X/L24RFL BN/HC 7800 C V 5 LZ 1.0RFLD BN/HC 2500CAT3D1.1/-L24RFLD BN/HC 1300 CAS 10 C 1.0RFLD BN/HC 1300 CAS 20 D 1.0 /-L24 RFLD BN/HC 1300 CAT 10 D1.0/-L24 RFLD BN/HC 2500 CAT 3 D 1.X/-L24 RFLD BN/HC 501 DAL 10 D1.0/-L24 RFLD BN/HC 95 1DAS 20 D1.0/L24RFM BN/HC 165 B D 20 E 1.0RFM BN/HC 330 B F 10 A 1.0RFM BN/HC 75 B C 20 ES 1.0RFM BN/HC851F 10B1.0RV16-01.1RV-20-01.1/0RV25-01.XRV-30-01.1/0RV-30-01.1/0RV40-01.1/0RV40-01.1/0RVM 06020-01C-N-0.5RVM 10120-01C-N-0.5RVM10120-01-C-N-0.5RVP-12-01.XRVP-16-01.1RVP-20-01.1RVP-25-01.XRVP-30-0.1XRVP40-10S100-ACAC0150-G1/4-M16*2S307S309SAF10E12Y1T150A-S13SAF10M12N330A-S12SAF20E12Y1N210A-S13SAF20M12N210A-S13SAF20M12T320A-S13SAF32E12Y1N330A-S309SAF32M12N210A-S309SAF32M12N330A-S309SB330-10A1/112A9-330ASB330-10A1/112A9-330ASB330-13A1/112A9-330ASB330-1A1/112A9-33ASB330-1A1/112AG-330A SB330-1A1/342A9-330ASB330-2,5A1/112A9-330ASB330-20A1/112A9-330ASB330-24A1/112A9-330A SB330-24A1/114A9-330ASB330-32A1/112A9-330ASB330-4A1/112A9-330A+S307 接头SB330-50A1/112A9-330ASB330-50A1/114A9-330ASB330-5A1/112A9-330ASB330-6A1/112A9-330ASB330H-10A/112A-330ASB330H-20A1/112A9-330ASB330H-32A1/112A9-330ASB330H-32A1/665A9-330ASB330H-50A1/112A9-330ASB330N-50A1/112A9-330ASB400-10A1/112A9-400A SB400-20A1/212A9-400ASB400-20F1/322A9-400ASB400-32A1/212A9-400ASBO210-0.32E1/112A-210SBO210-0.32E1/113U-210FT008 SBO210-0.75E1/112A-210AK SBO210-0.75E1/112A9-210AK SBO210-0.75E1/663A9-210AK. SBO210-2.8E1/112U-210AKSBO210-2.8E1/112U-21EH-035 SBO210-2E1/112A9-210KSBO250-0.075E1/112A-25OAKSBO250-2A6/346U-180AKSBO250-3.5E1/112A9-210ABSBO250-3.5E1/112A9-210AKSBO250-3.5E1/112U-210AKSBO330-0.6E1/112A9-330ABSBO330-1.4E1/112A9-330AK SBVE-R1/2-01X-XXXVSBVE-R1-01X-XXXVSCA 1S/10/1.0/M/A/1SEBSK350-50/2112A9 350AAJ-AAE-18 SK350-7.5A1-212/112A9-350BA10 SN360-50AA/010U-360DDSRE1-R1/4"SRVR-12-12.1/0TFP100+S.S(升级型号TFP104-000) VD 8 D.0/L24VD5D.O/-L24VD-5-LZ.0VM 2 D.0/-L24VM 5 D.0/-L24VM2D.0/-L24VPBM-2/1.0/P/90/40/1.5/400-50 VR 2 D.0/-L220VR 2 D.0/-LEDVR2D.0/L24WKM08130C-01M-C-N-24DGWKM08130D-01M-C-N-24DGWSE3E0C.X/G24WSE3E0C.X/G24-Z4-NWSE3E0D.X/G24WSED08130-04X-G24-NGWSEW12120-05X-W230-Z5LWSEZ10120-40X-G24 （老型号）WSM06020/ZR-01-CN-24DGWSM06020V-01-C-N-24DGWSM06020W-01-C-V-24DG WSM06020W01MCN24DGWSM06020W-01M-C-N-24DG WSM06020W-01M-C-N-24DG WSM06020YR-01-C-N-110DG WSM06020Z-01-C-N-110DG WSM06020Z-01-C-N-24DG WSM06020-Z-01M-C-N-24DG WSM08130D-01-C-N-24DC WSM08130D-01M-C-N-24DC WSM08130D-01M-C-N-24DG WSM10120Z-01-C-N-24DG WSM10120ZR/01M-C-N-24DG WSM12120W-01-C-N-230AG+Z5L WTK-300/-EWVE-R1/4-01XWVE-R1/4-01XZ5LZBE03ZBE06ZBE06ZBE08ZBM300ZBM310电磁线圈3000249电磁线圈3002594。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
22
Price Elasticity of Supply
• This is a measure of the sensitivity of quantity supplied to a change in price. • This shows the percentage change in quantity supplied in response to a percentage change in the price. • Can be written as
– vertical demand curve – horizontal demand curve – log-linear demand curve
2
Vertical Demand Curve
• This is the case where ∆Q = 0. • Since ΔQ P εD = ΔP Q • Then
25
Price Elasticity of Supply
Since the supply curve is upward sloping,
Q 0 P
thus, εS > 0.
26
Price Elasticity of Supply
Since
%ΔQ εS = %ΔP • If %∆Q > %∆P, then εS > 1 and supply is elastic. • If %∆Q < %∆P, then εS < 1 and supply is inelastic. • If %∆Q = %∆P, then εS = 1 and supply is unitary elastic.
12
Income Elasticity of Demand
• If an increase in income leads to an increase in quantity demanded, then εI > 0. This is the case for normal goods. • If an increase in income leads to a decrease in quantity demanded, then εI < 0. This is the case for inferior goods. • For goods that are necessities, εI < 1. • For goods that are luxuries, εI > 1.
%ΔQ εS = %ΔP
23
Price Elasticity of Supply
%ΔQ εS = %ΔP ΔQ Q εS = ΔP P ΔQ P εS = Q P
24
Price Elasticity of Supply
ΔQ P εS = P Q Q P εS = P Q • Where Q is the quantity supplied and P is the price.
– income elasticity of demand – cross-price elasticity of demand
9
Income Elasticity of Demand
• This is a measure of the sensitivity of quantity demanded to a change in income. • This shows the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a percentage change in income. • Can be written as %ΔQ εI = %ΔI
14
Income Elasticity of Demand
At the original equilibrium, Q = 220 and Y = 12.5. 12.5 εI = 2 220
εI = 0.114
Since 0 < εI < 1, chicken is a normal good and a necessity.
19
Cross-price Elasticity of Demand
Illustration: Given the demand function Q = 171 – 20P + 20Pb + 3Pf + 2Y Q 20 Pb Q PA Q Pb εA = = PA Q Pb Q Pb εA = 20 Q
10
Income Elasticity of Demand
%ΔQ εI = %ΔI ΔQ Q εI = ΔI I ΔQ I εI = Q I
11
Income Elasticity of Demand
ΔQ I εI = I Q Q I εI = I Q • Where Q is the quantity demanded and I is the income.
20
Cross-price Elasticity of Demand
At the original equilibrium, Q = 220 and Pb = 4. 4 εA = 20 220
εA = 0.364
Since εA > 0 , chicken and beef are substitute goods.
15
Cross-price Elasticity of Demand
• This is a measure of the sensitivity of quantity demanded to a change in the price of another good. • This shows the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a percentage change in the price of another good. • Can be written as %ΔQ εA = %ΔPA
• Where Q is the quantity demanded and PA is the price of another good.
18
Cross-price Elasticity of Demand
• If quantity demanded increases as the price of another good increases, then εA > 0 and the two goods are substitutes. • If quantity demanded decreases as the price of another good increases, then εA < 0 and the two goods are complements. • If quantity demanded did not change even as the price of another good changes, then εA = 0 and the two goods are not related.
16
Cross-price Elasticity of Demand
%ΔQ εA = %ΔPA ΔQ Q εA = ΔPA PA ΔQ PA εA = Q PA
17
Cross-price Elasticity of Demand
ΔQ PA εA = PA Q Q PA εA = PA Q
8
Other Demand Elasticities
• We refer to the price elasticity of demand as the elasticity of demand. • However, there are other demand elasticities that show how the quantity demanded changes in response to changes in variables other than price that affect quantity demanded. • Two such demand elasticities are
3.3
inelastic: 0 > εD > -1
perfectly inelastic
εD = -0.3
0 a/5 = 57.2 a/2 = 143 220
a = 286
εD = 0 Quantity
1
Elasticity along a Linear Demand Curve
• The elasticity of demand is different at every point along a downward-sloping demand curve. • However, elasticities are constant on the following cases:
• This is the case where ∆P = 0. • Since ΔQ P εD = ΔP Q • Then
ΔQ P εD = 0 Q
εD =
5
Horizontal Demand Curve
• Thus, a horizontal demand curve is a perfectly elastic demand. P
21
Supply Elasticity
• Can be used to summarize the responsiveness of quantity supplied to price or other variables. • An example of this is the price elasticity of supply.