2018-2019版英语高一、高二同步系列课堂讲义教版Unit4PartⅡ

Part ⅡGrammar ——倒装[思维导图]在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，这称之为自然语序。

但有时为了修辞需要，谓语需要全部或部分移到主语的前面，这种语序叫倒装。

而倒装语序又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。

一、倒装的种类倒装有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。

在倒装语序中，若整个谓语都在主语之前，称之为完全倒装。

若谓语的一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词或be 动词)位于主语之前，则称之为部分倒装。

二、完全倒装1.将here，there，now，then 等地点或时间副词置于句首，谓语动词是be，come，go，remain，lie，run 等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装。

Look！Here comes a bus.看！有辆公共汽车来了。

Then came a stranger with a black hat.然后来了一位戴着黑帽子的陌生人。

2.表示运动方向的副词out，in，up，down，away 等置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词，如leave，walk ，run，rush 等，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。

Down came the brown water fall.棕色的头发瀑布般地披下来。

3.表示地点的介词短语位于句首或强调地点概念或为保持句子平衡，且句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(lie，stand，exist，live，sit 等)时，要用完全倒装。

In front of the classroom stands a tall tree.教室的前面有一棵大树。

4.作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语位于句首时，要用“表语＋连系动词＋主语”结构。

Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. 一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。

5.such 作表语，置于句首，意为“⋯⋯就是如此”。

Such is our lively city，which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience.。

观这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎参来[名师指津](1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。

Growing all over the mountain are wild flowers.漫山遍野长满了野花。

There stands a tower on the top of the mountain.山顶上有座塔。

(2)完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。

Here he comes.他过来了。

[巧学助记] 巧记完全倒装。

副介开头全倒装，遇到代词则照常方位方式别遗忘，上下进出往前放。

there，here 用得上，时间顺序句首放。

表语句首主语长，句子平衡需倒装。

三、部分倒装1.表示否定或半否定意义的词或短语no，not，never，hardly，seldom，rarely，little ，nowhere，by no means，in no way ，at no time，in no case，on no account 等置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。

Little does he realize how important this meeting is.他对这个会议的重要性不甚了了。

Hardly does she have time to listen to music.。

乐她几乎没时间听音On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如果给你钱，你可绝不能接受。

6.“only＋状语”位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。

“only＋状语从句”位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。

Only then did I understand what she meant.只有到那时我才明白她的意思。

Only in this way can we learn English well.只有这样我们才能学好英语。

Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。

[名师指津] 在only 后作状语的是从句时，从句不要用倒装，要部分倒装的是主句。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。

7.“so/nor/neither＋助动词/be 动词/情态动词＋主语”，意为“某人/某物也如此”，该结构为部分倒装。

He can swim and so can I.他会游泳，我也会。

The headmaster will not permit the change in the course ，nor will he even give it a thought.校长既不会允许课程上的变革，也不会对其予以考虑。

8.not only...but also... 引导两个并列分句，not only 置于句首时，not only 所在的分句需用倒装，but also 所在的分句不用倒装。

Not only does she speak Spanish，but she also knows how to type.她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。

9.含有no sooner...than，hardly...when，scarcely...when 的主从复合句中，no sooner，hardly，scarcely 所在的主句倒装，than，when 所在的从句不倒装。

Hardly had Mike picked up the ball when another player took it from him.麦克刚接过球，另一名球员就从他那儿抢走了。

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我刚一到家天就开始下雨了。

10.当as/though 表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句时，要把强调的表语、谓语动词、状语放在主语之前。

Try as he would ，he couldn’o t pen the door.虽然他努力了，却仍打不开那门。

11.虚拟条件句中，把if 引导的条件从句中的were，had，should 提前，并省去if ，也可构成部分倒装结构。

Had he got up earlier，he would have caught the flight.＝If he had got up earlier ，he would have caught the flight. 如果他起的早点话，他就会赶上航班了。

12.在so...that...和such...that...句型中，把so＋形容词或副词或把such＋名词短语放于句首时，主句使用部分倒装句式。

So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family was at a great loss.他患病突然，全家人全然不知所措。

[巧学助记] 巧记部分倒装only 修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；so 和such放句首，引起主谓要倒装；not only 开头句，前一分句须倒装；had，were，should 虚拟句，省略if 半倒装。

Ⅰ.用倒装结构完成句子2.There__goes the last bus.末班公共汽车来了。

3.Away__went the runners.赛跑选手们跑远了。

4.Such__great__progress__did__he__make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。

5.So__excited__was__I that I could n’t wait to try wearing them.我太激动了，迫不及待地想试穿它。

6.No sooner had__I__entered the office than the phone rang.我刚进办公室电话铃就响了。

7.Sitting__in__front__of__the__house__is a little girl ，who is my little sister.一个小女孩坐在房子的前面，她是我的妹妹。

8.Only__in__this__way__can__people from all over the world communicate easily and effectively.只有通过这种方式，来自全世界的人们才能轻松、有效地交流。

9.Not__until__the__river__was__seriously__polluted__did the local government realize the problem.直到河水被严重污染了，当地政府才意识到这个问题。

Ⅱ.把下面句子改为倒装句1.A picture is hanging on the wall.→On__the__wall__is__hanging__a__picture.13.The speaker sat in the front of the lecture hall.→In__the__front__of__the__lecture__hall__sat__the__speaker.14.Though the night air was hot ，we slept deeply.→Hot__though__the__night__air__was ，we__slept__deeply.15.Suddenly the door opened and a woman rushed out.→Suddenly__the__door__opened__and__out__rushed__a__woman.16.The days are gone when the smog happens so frequently.→Gone__are__the__days__when__the__smog__happens__so__frequently.17.Though they tried hard ，they could n’m t ake her change her mind.→Hard__though__they__tried ，they__could n’_t_make__her__change__her__mind.18.She has never seen anybody play tennis so well before.→Never__before__has__she__seen__anybody__play__tennis__so__well.19.He realized it was the same place he’d been in last year only when he arrived.→Only__when__he__arrived__did__he__realize__it__was__the__same__place__h e’_d_been__in __last__year.20.She was so brave that she faced the difficulty bravely.→So__brave__was__she__that__she__faced__the__difficulty__bravely.21.I did not understand the true state of the affairs until I read your letter.→Not__until__I__read__your__letter__did__I__understand__the__true__state__of__the__affairs. Part ⅢLearning about Language & Using LanguageⅠ.重点单词10.housewife n.家庭主妇11.crime n.罪行；犯罪12.department n.部门；部；处；系13.polish vt.擦亮；磨光；润色14.process vt.加工；处理n.过程；程序；步骤15.edition n.版(本)；版次→edit v.编辑→editor n.编辑16.accurate adj.精确的；正确的→accurately adv.精确地17.chief adj .主要的；首席的→chiefly adv .首先；首要地18.appointment n.约会，任命→appoint v t.任命，委派；约定→appointed adj.指定的22.senior adj.& n.年长的；高年级的；年长者→junior adj .& n.年少的；年少者23.approve v t.赞成；认可；批准→approval n.赞成；批准Ⅱ.核心短语19.get__absorbed__in 致力于20.defend...against... 保护⋯⋯不受⋯⋯21.begin__with 以⋯⋯开始22.ahead__of 在⋯⋯前面23.pass sth on to 把⋯⋯传递给⋯⋯st of all 最后25.be happy with 对⋯⋯满意26.be supposed to应该Ⅲ.经典句式2.Although he realized the man had__been__lying，Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly.尽管他知道那个人一直在撒谎，但周阳明白他绝不能直接指责那个人。