2012年六级模拟听力原文及答案解析文本文件

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2012年12月英语六级答案及解析(1)

2012年12月大学英语六级(CET-6)参考答案Ⅰ【作文】Computer and Man（1）It is believed that the computer can do almost every thing. At the time the computer was invented, scientists, carried away by its calculating speed, felt that they had created a miracle. It was gradually used not only in mathematics, physics, chemistry and astronomy, but in places like the library, hospital and military army to replace the work of man. For the work of man. For this reason, the computer was entiled “Electronic Brain” in terms of appreci ation。

Can man be controlled by computers? The answer is negative. Although a computer works much faster and accurately than man , a fact is undeniable; it is designed, manufactured and programmed by man, and therefore by human beings. Of course, science fictions have made up many fascinating stories about a computer, or rather robot, who conquers man and the earth, even the whole universe; however, they are only unrealistic imaginatio. A horse helps man a lot runs much faster than we, but it is only a slave。

2012年6月大学英语六级考试CET6真题及答案解析word版本

2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试CET6真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitiveadvan tages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that cont ribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined withage-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students athree-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earnthe credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this ap proach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules mighteventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, in creasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年12月英语六级答案及解析(3)

大学英语六级考试(CET6)2012年12月听力真题

大学英语六级考试(CET6)2012年12月听力真题听力原文Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11.M: I’d like to go camping with you this weekend, but I don’t have a sleeping bag. W: No problem. You can count on me to get one for you. My family has tons of camping gear.Q: What does the woman mean?12.M: I know I promise to drive you to the airport next Thursday, but I’m afraid something has come up. They’ve called a special meeting at work.W: No big deal. Karen said she was available as a back-up.Q: What does the woman mean?13.W: Have you saved enough money for a trip to Hawaii?M: Not even close. My uncle must put the brakes on my travelling plans.Q: What does the man mean?14.M: I’m starving. Do we still have any pie left from the dinner yesterday?W: Oh, Julia invited her friends over in the afternoon and they ate it all.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?15.W: Three letters of recommendation are required to apply to graduate schools. I was wondering if the one professor Smith wrote for me last year could still be used. M: It’s a bit dated. You’d better submit a recent one.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?16.W: I’ve noticed that you spend a lot of time tending your garden. Would you like to join our gardening club? We meet every other Wednesday.M: Oh, thanks for the invitation, but this is how I relax. I’d rather not make it something formal and structured.Q: What can we infer about the man?17.M: I heard the recent sculpture exhibit was kind of disappointing.W: That’s right. I guess a lot of other people feel the way I do about modern art. Q: What does the woman mean?18.M: Bob is running for chairman of the student union. Would you vote for him?W: Oh, I can’t decide right now because I have to find out more about the other candidates.Q: What does the woman mean?Conversation OneW: I don’t know what to do. I can’t seem to get anyone in the hospital to listen to my complaints and this outdated equipment is dangerous. Just look at it.M: Hmm, uh, are you trying to say that it presents a health hazard?W: Yes, I am. The head technician in the lab tried to persuade the hospital administration to replace it, but they are trying to cut costs.M: You are pregnant, aren’t you?W: Yes, I am. I made an effort to get my supervisor to transfer me to another department, but he urged me not to complain too loudly. Because the administration is more likely to replace me than an X-ray equipment, I’m afraid to refuse to work. But I’m more afraid to expose my unborn child to the radiation.M: I see what you mean. Well, as your union representative, I have to warn you that it would take quite a while to force management to replace the old machines and attempt to get you transferred may or may not be successful.W: Oh, what am I supposed to do then?M: Workers have the legal right to refuse certain unsafe work assignments under two federal laws, the Occupation or Safety and Health Act and the National Labor Relations Act. But the requirements of either of the Acts may be difficult to meet. W: Do you think I have a good case?M: If you do lose your job, the union will fight to get it back for you along with back pay, your lost income. But you have to be prepared for a long wait, maybe after two years.Q19. What does the woman complain about?Q20. What has the woman asked her supervisor to do?Q21. What does the man say about the two federal laws?Q22. What will the union do if the woman loses her job?Conversation TwoW: Mr. Green, is it fair to say that negotiation is an art?M: Well, I think it’s both an art and sc ience. You can prepare for a negotiation quite scientifically, but the execution of the negotiation has quite a lot to do with one’s artistic quality. The scientific part of a negotiation is in determining your strategy. What do you want out of it? What can you give? Then of course there are tactics. How do you go about it? Do you take an opening position in a negotiation which differs from the eventual goal you are heading for? And then of course there are the behavioral aspects.W: What do you mean by the behavioral aspects?M: Well, that’s I think where the art comes in. In your behavior, you can either be an actor. You can pretend that you don’t like things which you are actually quite pleased about. Or you can pretend to like things which you are quite happy to do without. Or you can be the honest type negotiator who’s known to his partners in negotiation and always plays everything straight. But the artistic part of negotiation I think has to do with responding immediately to cues one gets in the process of negotiation. These can be verbal cues or even body language. This is where the artistic quality comes in. W: So really, you see two types of negotiator then, the actor or the honest one.M: That’ right. And both can work. I would say the honest negoti ator can be quite effective in some circumstances. In other circumstances you need an actor.Q23. When is a scientific approach best embodied in a negotiation according to the man?Q24. In what way is a negotiator like an actor according to the man?Q25. What does the man say about the two types of negotiator?Section BPassage 1A scientific team is studying the thinking ability of eleven and half month old children. The test is a simple one. The baby watches a sort of show on a small stage. In Act One of the show, a yellow cube is lifted from a blue box, and moved across the stage. Then it is returned to the box. This is repeated 6 times. Act Two is similar except that the yellow cube is smaller. Baby boys do not react at all to the difference and the size of the cube. But girls immediately become excited. The scientists interpret the girls’ excitement as meaning they are trying to understand what they have just seen. They are wondering why Act Two is odd and how it differs from Act One. In other words, the little girls are reasoning. This experiment certainly does not definitely prove that girls start to reason before boys, but it provides a clue that scientists would like to study more carefully. Already it is known that bones, muscles and nerves develop faster in baby girls. Perhaps it is early nerve development that makes some infant girls show more intelligence than infant boys. Scientists have also found that nature seems to give another boost to girls. Baby girls usually talk at an earlier age than boys do. Scientists think that there is a physical reason for this. They believe that the nerve endings in the left side of the brain develop faster in girls than in boys, and it is this side of the brain that strongly influences an individual’s ability to us e language and remember things.Q26. What is the difference between Act One and Act Two in the test?Q27. How do the scientists interpret their observation from the experiment?Q28. What does the speaker say about the experiment?Q29. According to scientists, what is another advantage given to girls by nature? Passage 2A super attendant of the city municipal building, Dillia Adorno, was responsible for presenting its new security plan to the public. City employees, citizens and reporters gathered in the hall to hear her describe the plan. After outlining the main points she would cover, she assured the audience that she would be happy to answer questions at the end of her presentation. Dillia realized the plan was expensive and potentially controversial. So she was not surprised to see a number of hands go up as soon as she finished speaking. An employ asked, “Would the new system create long lines to get into the building like the line in the airport security checks?” Dillia had anticipated this question and had an answer ready. After repeating the question, she explained that the sufficient number of security guards would be working at peak hours to speed things along. The next question was more confrontational.”Where was the money come from to pay for all of this?”The journalists who ask the question seem hostile. But Dillia was careful not to adopt the defensive tone. She stated thatthe money would come from the city’s general budget. “I know these are tide times”, she added, “But everyone agrees on the i mportance of safe guarding our employees and members of the public who come into the building.” Near the end of the 25 minutes she has said, Dillia said she would take two more questions. When those were finished, she concluded the session with a brief restatement of how the new system will improve security and peace of mind in the municipal building.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. What is the focus of Dillia Adorno’s presentation?31. What question had Dillia Adorno anticipated?32. What did the speakers think of the question from the journalist?Passage 3Despite unemployment and the lost of her home, Andrea Clark considers herself a blessed and happy woman. Why the cheerful attitude? Her troubles have brought her close r to her family. Last year, Andrea’s husband, Rick, a miner in Nevada was laid off. Though Andrea kept her job as a school bus driver, she knew that they couldn’t pay their bill and support their youngest of five children, Zack, age nine, on one income. “At first their church helped out, but you can’t keep that up forever”, Andrea says. Then Michal, their eldest of her four adult children suggested they move in with his family. For almost three months, seven Clarks lived under one roof. Andrea, Rick and Zack stayed in the basement department, sharing laundry and single bathroom with Michal, his wife and their two children.The change cut their expenditures in half, but the new living arrangement proved too challenging. When Andrea found a job with a school d istrict closer to her mother’s home in west Jorden, Utah, the family decided to move on. Packing up again with no picnic, Zack had to switch schools for the second time and space is even tighter. Andrea says that the moves themselves are exhausting and Rick is still looking for a job.The recession has certainly come with more problems than Andrea anticipated, but she remains unfailingly optimistic. She is excited to spend more time with her mother. Another plus, rents are lower in Utah than in Nevada. So A ndrea thinks they’ll be able to save up and move out in less than 6 months.Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q33 What do we learn about Andrea’s husband?Q34 Why did Andrea move to live in her eldest son’s home?Q35 What is And rea’s attitude toward the hardships brought by the economic recession?Section CMountain climbing is becoming a popular sport, but it is also a potentially dangerous one. People can fall. They may also become ill. One of the most common dangers to climbers is altitude sickness, which can affect even very experienced climbers. Altitude sickness usually begins when a climber goes above 8,000 to 9,000 feet. The higher one climbs, the less oxygen there is in the air. When people don’t get enough oxygen, they often begin to gasp for air. They may also feel dizzy and light-headed. Besides these symptoms of altitude sickness, others such as headache and fatiguemay also occur. At heights of over 18,000 feet, people may be climbing in a constant daze. Their state of mind can have adverse affect on their judgment. A few precautions can help most climbers avoid altitude sickness. The first is not to go too high, too fast. If you climb to 10,000 feet, stay at that height for a day or two. Your body needs to get used to a high altitude before you climb to a even higher one. Or if you do climb higher sooner, come back down to a lower height when you sleep. Also, drink plenty of liquids and avoid tobacco and alcohol. When you reach your top height, do like activities rather than sleep too much. You breathe less when you sleep, so you get less oxygen. The most important warning is this: if you have severe symptoms, then don’t go away, go down. Don’t risk injury or death because ofover-confidence or lack of knowledge.听力答案第一版本：听力12.Steele .。

六级2012-12-2听力答案

六级2012年12月卷（二）听力原文及答案Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W: It’s a miracle that Robert came out of the air crash alive.M: That’s indeed a miracle. All the other passengers were killed.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【听前预测】根据意思相反的两个选项中有一个可能是答案的命题规律，将答案锁定在[A]和[C]之间。

【解析】选[A]。

对话中女士提到Robert…alive（罗伯特…活着），[A]中的survived对应alive，故答案为[A]。

12. M: Isn’t it rather cold outside, Sally?W: It is a bit, but I can’t stand the terrible smoke inside. I’d rather stay here if you don’t mind.Q: Why does the woman want to stay outside?【听前预测】选项中的smoke a cigarette，the smell of smoke inside等表明，对话与吸烟有关。

【解析】选[D]。

对话中女士提到but I can’t stand the terrible smoke inside（但我受不了里面的烟味）。

[D]中的doesn’t like the smell of smoke inside是对此的同义转述，故答案为[D]。

but后的内容常为考点。

13. W: I’m going over to see a car someone has for sale.With all your experience as a mechanic, I’dappreciate your opinion.M: That was twenty years ago. Cars have changed so much. I’m not sure how much help I might be, butsure I’ll come along for the ride.Q: What does the man imply?【听前预测】由选项中的The woman shouldn’t，He doesn’t know可知，男士的话为听音重点。

2012年6月大学英语四级真题听力部分原文及解析

11.M: As you can see from the drawings, the kitchen has one door into the dining room, another into the family room and a third to the outside.W: The door into the family room isn’t big enough. Could it be made wider?Q: What are the speakers doing?【答案】D) Discussing a housing plan.【解析】此题是简单推理题。

从drawing，kitchen等关键词可推断，两人正在看房间结构图。

从问句“房间门可以再大些吗”也可以大概推断出两个对话的人正在干什么。

12.M: I’m thinking about where to go for a bite tonight. Any suggestions, Barbara?W: W ell, how about the French restaurant near the KFC? Frankly, I’ve had enough of our canteen food.Q: What do we learn about the woman?【答案】D) She is tired of the food in the canteen.【解析】推理题。

从对话中可知，男子问女子晚上去哪里吃饭有没有建议。

女子回答说因为她已经受够了食堂的食物，想去KFC旁边的法国餐厅，13.W: Hey, if you can’t enjoy the music at a sensible volume, why not use earphones? I’m preparing for the speech contest.M: Oh, sorry. I didn’t realize I’ve being bothering you all this time.Q: What is the man probably doing?【答案】C) Listening to some loud music.【解析】简单推理题。

[整理]2012年大学英语六级考试模拟试题及答案解析完整版.

2012年大学英语六级考试模拟试题及答案解析（完整版）Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students on the Job Market. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.当今大学生面临着严重的就业压力2.这一现象的产生有多方面的原因3.解决的办法College Students on the Job Market_____________________________________________________________________________ Part I Writing【写作思路】本文是关于对某种社会现象的讨论，探讨其原因，并提供解决问题的方案。

毕业生就业压力大，是目前比较热门的话题，媒体、社会以及学生本人都会时不时的讨论，所以文章难度不是很大。

文章开篇提出就业压力大的问题，毕业生越来越多，而就业市场却保持稳定，两者之间的不平衡，导致毕业生面临越来越大的就业压力。

第二段讨论出现这种问题的原因。

第一方面，从宏观上来看，整个世界的经济危机影响了就业市场;第二方面，从学校招生来看，热门专业人数过多，结果供过于求，而冷门专业学生很少，结果供不应求。

第三段针对第二段的原因，探讨相应的解决方案。

从政府的角度出发，要尽可能的采取各种手段帮助经济恢复，帮助学生就业;从个人角度出发，要学会自主选择，不追潮流，学习自己感兴趣的，努力提高自身素质，增强竞争能力。

【参考范文】More and more graduates are going out of universities and entering into the society every year while the demand on the job market remains stable. The college students are facing greater and greater pressure in job-hunting.There are many reasons behind the current phenomenon. To begin with, the economy has been confronted with depression in recent years on a global level, and it takes time for the worldwide economy to recover. What's more, there is an element of irrationality in the enrollment of the campuses. Some hot majors have enrolled too many students, and many people compete for one position after graduation, whereas the majors with little attention have few students, and more graduates are needed than the campus can supply.The solution to this problem lies with both the government as a whole and the individual in specific. The government takes whatever measures possible to help the economy recover and to create more job opportunities for the applicants. And for the individual students, it is better to study what they are interested in and to gain experience through practice, thus better prepared for the society.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will Electronic Medical Records Improve Health Care?Electronic health records (EHRs) have received a lot of attention since the Obama administration committed $19 billion in stimulus funds earlier this year to encourage hospitals and health care facilities to digitize patient data and make better use of information technology. The healthcare industry as a whole, however, has been slow to adopt information technology and integrate computer systems, raising the question of whether the push to digitize will result in information that empowers doctors to make better-informed decisions or a morass of disconnected data.The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) knows firsthand how difficult it is to achieve the former, and how easily an EHR plan can fall into the latter. UPMC has spent five years and more than $1 billion on information technology systems to get ahead of the EHR issue. While that is more than five times as much as recent estimates say it should cost a hospital system, UPMC is a mammoth network consisting of 20 hospitals as well as 400 doctors' offices, outpatient sites and long-term care facilities employing about 50,000 people.UPMC's early attempts to create a universal EHR system, such as its ambulatory electronic medical records rolled out between 2000 and 2005, were met with resistance as doctors, staff and other users either avoided using the new technology altogether or clung to individual, disconnected software and systems that UPMC's IT department had implemented over the years.On the mendAlthough UPMC began digitizing some of its records in 1996, the turning point in its efforts came in 2004 with the rollout of its eRecord system across the entire health care network. eRecord now contains more than 3.6 million electronic patient records, including images and CT scans, clinical laboratory information, radiology data, and a picture archival and communication system that digitizes images and makes them available on PCs. The EHR system has 29,000 users, including more than 5,000 physicians employed by or affiliated with UPMC.If UPMC makes EHR systems look easy, don't be fooled, cautions UPMC chief medical information officer Dan Martich, who says the health care network's IT systems require a "huge, ongoing effort" to ensure that those systems can communicate with one another. One of the main reasons is that UPMC, like many other health care organizations, uses a number of different vendors for its medical and IT systems, leaving the integration largely up to the IT staff.Since doctors typically do not want to change the way they work for the sake of a computer system, the success of an EHR program is dictated not only by the presence of the technology but also by how well the doctors are trained on, and use, the technology. Physicians need to see the benefits of using EHR systems both persistently and consistently, says Louis Baverso, chief information officer at UPMC's Magee-Women's Hospital. But these benefits might not be obvious at first, he says, adding, "What doctors see in the beginning is that they're losing their ability to work with paper documents, which has been so valuable to them up untilnow."Opportunities and costsGiven the lack of EHR adoption throughout the health care world, there are a lot of opportunities to get this right (or wrong). Less than 10 percent of U.S. hospitals have adopted electronic medical records even in the most basic way, according to a study authored by Ashish Jha, associate professor of health policy and management at Harvard School of Public Health. Only 1.5 percent have adopted a comprehensive system of electronic records that includes physicians' notes and orders and decision support systems that alert doctors of potential drug interactions or other problems that might result from their intended orders.Cost is the primary factor stalling EHR systems, followed by resistance from physicians unwilling to adopt new technologies and a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise, according to Jha. He indicated that a hospital could spend from $20 million to $200 million to implement an electronic record system over several years, depending on the size of the hospital. A typical doctor's office would cost an estimated $50,000 to outfit with an EHR system.The upside of EHR systems is more difficult to quantify. Although some estimates say that hospitals and doctor's offices could save as much as $100 million annually by moving to EHRs, the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees neither cost savings nor improvements in care, Jha said during a Harvard School of Public Health community forum on September 17. Another Harvard study of hospital computerization likewise determined that cutting costs and improving care through health IT as it exists today is "wishful thinking". This study was led by David Himmelstein, associate professor at Harvard Medical School.The cost of getting it wrongThe difference between the projected cost savings and the reality of the situation stems from the fact that the EHR technologies implemented to date have not been designed to save money or improve patient care, says Leonard D'Avolio, associate center director of Biomedical Informatics at the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC). Instead, EHRs are used to document individual patients' conditions, pass this information among clinicians treating those patients, justify financial reimbursement and serve as the legal records of events.This is because, if a health care facility has $1 million to spend, its managers are more likely to spend it on an expensive piece of lab equipment than on information technology, D'Avolio says, adding that the investment on lab equipment can be made up by charging patients access to it as a billable service. This is not the case for IT. Also, computers and networks used throughout hospitals and health care facilities are disconnected and often manufactured by different vendors without a standardized way of communicating. "Medical data is difficult to standardize because caring for patients is a complex process," he says. "We need to find some way of reaching across not just departments but entire hospitals. If you can't measure something, you can't improve it, and without access to this data, you can't measure it."To qualify for a piece of the $19 billion being offered through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), healthcare facilities will have to justify the significance of their IT investments to ensure they are "meaningful users" of EHRs. The Department of Health and Human Services has yet to define what it considers meaningful useAggregating info to create knowledgeIdeally, in addition to providing doctors with basic information about their patients, databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be mined for new knowledge, D'Avolio says. "With just a few of these databases networked together, the power to improve health care increases exponentially," D'Avolio suggested. "All that is missing is the collective realization that better health care requires access to better information—not automation of the status quo." Down the road, the addition of genomic information, environmental factors and family history to these databases will enable clinicians to begin to realize the potential of personalized medicine, he added.1. In America, it is slow to adopt information technology because —————.A) the funds invested by the government is not enough in the pastB) EHRs have received less attention of the public in the pastC) whether it will be useful to doctors or not is doubtfulD) UPMC knows how difficult it is to digitize the hospital2. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) —————.A) is the first medical center to adopt information technologyB) satisfy the requirement of the government on information technologyC) spent less money on information technology than it was estimatedD) attempted to created a universal EHR system, but met some difficulties3. The health care network’s IT systems require a lot of effort to ensure it can communicate with one another mainly because —————..A) the integration among different system is largely up to the IT staffB) UPMC is like many other health care organizations in the United StatesC) UPMC makes EHR systems look easyD) UMPC began digitizing some of its records in 19964. The success of the EHR program is decided by —————..A) the fact whether the information technology is available or notB) the fact how well the doctors are trained to use the information technologyC) not only the presence of the technology but the doctor’s training on technologyD) the fact whether physicians can see the benefits of using EHR systems5. The most important reason of most hospitals being reluctant to adopt EHR system is that —————.A) the cost is too high for the hospital to affordB) physicians are unwilling to adopt itC) there is a lack of staff with adequate IT expertiseD) doctor worry about its negative influence on patients6. According to the study led by David Himmelstein through health IT —————.A) it is possible to cut the costs of the hospitalB) it is possible to improve the health careC) it ensure neither cost saving nor improvement in careD) it could save as much as $100 million annually7. The hospital’s managers prefer to —————.A) spend money on an expensive piece of equipment than on information technologyB) charge patients access to the information technology as a billable serviceC) purchase the information technology to improve the health care of the hospitalD) invest more money on the training of the physicians to charge patients more money8. Jha said the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees ______________________.9. D'Avolio says the investment on lab equipment can be made up by_____________________.10. Databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be ____________________. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)原文精译【1】给自己的事业买最好的保险消防队无意之中淹没了Mad Gab's的总部，Mad Gab's是Gabrielle Melchionda二十多年前建立的美容公司。

2012年6月英语六级听力原文试题完整版(江户)

2012年6月英语六级听力原文试题完整版Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)，B)， C) and D)， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。

11.W: Did you hear that Anna needs to stay in bed for 4 weeks?M: Yeah. She injured her spine in a fall and a doctor told her to lie flat on her back for a month so it can mend。

Q: What can we learn from the conversation?12.M: A famous Russian ballet is coming to town next weekend. But I can’t find a ticket anywhere。

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补充听力（一）听力原文及答案解析Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W: I‟m sorry, Mike. I have to put off our meeting till four o‟clock this afternoon. Mr. Anderson wants me torevise the annual report right now.M: Take your time. My schedule is flexible.Q: What does the man mean?【听前预测】选项中的meeting，not on/goes against his schedule等表明，对话可能与会议和男士的安排有关。

He doesn‟t mind表明，男士的话为听音重点。

【解析】选[B]。

对话中女士提到put off our meeting，男士回答Take your time. My schedule is flexible（不用着急，我的安排很灵活），由此可知，男士不介意推迟会议，故答案为[B]。

12. M: How was your interview last week? Have you got their calls?W: Well, chances are slim. My mind was all focused on the exam in that afternoon and I even forgot to bring my resume.Q: What does the woman think of her interview?【听前预测】选项中的It was just so-so/great/terrible等表明，本题可能考查对It的评价，听音时应留意It具体指代什么。

【解析】选[C]。

对话中男士询问女士的面试怎么样，女士回答chances are slim…I even forgot to bring my resume（机会很渺茫……我甚至忘记带简历），由此可知，女士觉得她的面试很糟糕，故答案为[C]。

13. W: How is your new roommate?M: Well, all I could say is that he‟s a real couch potato. Last weekend he invited me over to his parent‟s house to watch TV. I bet watching TV is his only hobby, but he surely doesn‟t know much.Q: What can we learn about the man‟s new roommate?【听前预测】He is fond of/likes，TV等表明，对话可能与He喜欢看电视有关。

【解析】选[B]。

由男士提到的he‟s a real couch potato和I bet watching TV is his only hobby可知，男士的新室友很喜欢看电视，故答案为[B]。

couch potato常用来指整天坐着看电视的人。

14. W: You must have passed through lots of rural areas during your trip. Do you enjoy the country?M: Yes. When you‟ve been staying in an urbanized area too long, you appreciate rural areas for a change. Everything is relaxed and easy. The scenery is beautiful.Q: Why does the man enjoy the country?【听前预测】选项中的air is clean，quiet等表明，本题与某地方的优点有关。

【解析】选[D]。

由男士提到的When you‟ve been staying in an urbaniz ed area too long, you appreciate rural areas for a change（当你在城市化的地方呆太久时，你会想去农村地区改变一下）可知，男士喜欢乡下是因为在城市待太久了，乡村能给人一种新鲜感，故答案为[D]。

15. W: Have you been to the new fitness club on the corner, William? They say it is a good place to do exercise.M: Yeah, I‟ve hea rd of it. I went there myself yesterday. It has almost the best equipments in the town, and I am going to start an exercise class after work.Q: What are they talking about?【听前预测】选项均为名词或动名词短语表明，本题可能考查对话话题。

【解析】选[A]。

女士问男士是否去过the new fitness club，男士说昨天去了，并提到那里的equipments和打算下班后去那里参加an exercise class。

由此可知，他们的谈话围绕the new fitness club，故答案为[A]。

16. M: My sister‟s birthday is on the 9th. We‟re going to have dinner at a Mexican restaurant, and then maybe go outdancing. Would you like to come?W: Sounds like fun. You can count me in.Q: What does the woman mean?【听前预测】选项中的She likes/accepts等表明，女士的话为听音重点。

【解析】选[D]。

男士首先提到sister‟s birthday以及打算做的事：have dinner at a Mexican restaurant和dancing，然后询问女士是否来，女士回答You can count me in（你可以把我算上），由此可知，女士接受了男士的邀请，故答案为[D]。

17. W: Did you hear if the debate team is going on to the state competition? Or did they get eliminated?M: Actually, I haven‟t been following their progress this year, because I‟m very busy these days.Q: What does the man mean?【听前预测】选项中的He believes/doesn‟t know，the team等表明，对话可能与男士是否知道某个队的情况有关，男士的话为听音重点。

【解析】选[C]。

对话中女士向男士询问辩论队是进入全国竞赛了还是被淘汰了，男士提到I haven‟t been following their progress this year（我今年没有注意它们的进展），由此可知，男士不知道辩论队是否赢了，故答案为[C]。

18. M: I‟ve been calling David for the past half hour, but I keep gett ing a busy signal.W: Well, if you don‟t get him soon, we‟ll just have to go to the movies without him.Q: Why is the man trying to call David?【听前预测】选项均以不定式开头表明，本题可能考查行为目的。

【解析】选[D]。

男士说他一直给David打电话，但一直听到忙音，女士听后说if you don‟t get him soon…go to the movies without him，由此可知，男士给David打电话是想邀请他看电影，故答案为[D]。

Conversation OneM: Hi Helen. What do you think of our class in children‟s literature?W: It looks pretty good. I was surprised to see you in there. Are you also majoring in elementary education?M: No, I‟m not. But as a psychology major, I can use this to fulfill the requirements in developmental psychology. W: Have you finished the first assignment yet?M: Not yet. I just got the book today. How about you?W: I started this afternoon. It‟s great fun reading those wonderful children‟s stories by Dr. Hughes.M: Dr. Hughes? I didn‟t remember seeing his name on the reading list.W: His full name is Theodore Hughes Gazzel. That‟s how he is listed o n the bibliography. Dr. Hughes is his penM: I love reading those stories as a child. It‟s been interesting now to read them from a different perspective. I guess they all give me a good idea on how children think.W: Those stories are also great for class use.M: How is that?W: Well, take a typical Dr. Hughes‟ book like The Cat in a Hat. It has a controlled vocabulary of about only 200 words.M: So, that means the children get a lot of practice, using a small number of words over and over.W: Exactly. In fact, The Cat in a Hat is written primarily to show how a controlled vocabulary reading could also be interesting and fun.M: Well, it sounds like it is also going to be interesting and fun. I‟ll get started on those readings tonight. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What is Helen’s major field of study?【解析】选[B]。