2015年上海历年真题
15年高考真题——理科数学(上海卷)-推荐下载
2015 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海）卷
数学（理科） 一．填空题：共 14 小题，每小题 4 分，共 56 分。
1．设全集U R ，若集合 A 1, 2,3, 4， B x 2 x 3，则
A ðU B _________。
6．若圆锥的侧面积与过轴的截面面积之比为 2 ，则其母线与轴的夹角的大小为
_______。
7．方程 log2 9x1 5 log2 3x1 2 2 的解为___________。2
8．在报名的 3 名男教师和 6 名女教师中，选取 5 参加义务献血，要求男、女教师都有， 则不同的选取方式的种数为________（结果用数值表示）。
（A）充分非必要条件
（C）充要条件
（B）必要非充分条件
（D）既非充分又非必要条件
16．已知点 A 的坐标为 4 3,1，将 OA 绕坐标原点 O 逆时针旋转 至 OB ，则点 3
33 B 的纵坐标为（ ） （A）
2
13
（D）
2
17．记方程①： x2 a1x 1 0 ，方程②： x2 a2 x 2 0 ，方程③：
f T 4 。⑴验证 h x x sin x 是以 6 为周期的余弦周期函数；⑵设 a b ，证明
3
对任意 c f a, f b ，存在 x0 a,b，使得
f x0 c ；⑶证明：“ u0 为方程 cos f x 1在
0,T 上得解”的充要条件是“ u0 为方程
x2 a3x 4 0 ，其中 a1, a2 , a3 是正实数。当 a1, a2 , a3 成等比数列时，下列选项中，能推
2015年上海中考英语真题试卷(含答案)
2015年上海中考英语真题试卷(含答案)2015年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试英语试卷本卷有7大题，共94小题。
试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。
第一部分听力听力理解（共30分）A。
根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片（6分）1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________6.__________B。
根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案（8分）7.What animal does the man have as a pet?A) A dog。
B) A cat。
C) A rabbit。
D) A bird.8.Where did the woman go on n?A) ___.9.What time will the movie start?A) At 6:30.B) At 7:00.C) At 7:30.D) At 8:00.10.Who is the tallest in the class?A) Sam。
B) Judy。
C) Kitty。
D) ___.11.What is the ___?A) Spring。
B) Summer。
C) Autumn。
D) Winter.12.Why did the girl wake up in the middle of the night?A) Because a huge dog ran after her。
B) Because she had a terrible dream.C) Because her dad woke her up。
D) Because the street was too dark.13.What is the man doing?A) Walking to his office。
B) Looking for a flat.C) ___ D) Decorating his bedroom.14.What is the topic of the n?A) How to make movies。
2015年上海公务员考试《申论》真题(A卷)及参考答案
2015年上海公务员《申论》真题A卷一、考生须知1.监考老师发给你的测试材料分为两部分：试题本和答题纸。
2.测试开始前，请在试题本和答题纸上指定位置先填写好自己的姓名、准考证号等项内容，然后再开始答题。
3.申论考试与传统的作文考试不同，是分析驾驭材料的能力与表达能力并重的考试。
作答参考时限：阅读资料40分钟，作答110分钟。
4.仔细阅读给定的资料，按照后面提出的“答题要求”依次作答在答题卡指定位置上。
5.监考老师宣布考试结束时，应立即停止答题，将试题本和答题纸留在桌上，然后离开考场。
不得将试题本带出考场。
6.特别提醒：a.本试卷科目代码为“21”，请考生务必将答题卡“科目代码”栏内对应数字涂黑，否则无法评分。
b.答题时请认准题号，避免答错位置影响考试成绩。
所有试题一律使用现代汉语作答。
必须使用钢笔或签字笔，在答题卡有效区域内作答，超出答题区域的作答无效。
严禁折叠答题纸!二、给定材料材料1近年来，随着经济社会的迅速发展，人民群众生活基本实现了小康。
物质文化生活得到充分满足之后，人民群众的法制观念、权利意识普遍增强，公众愿望不断升级，社会诉求不断提高，但同时贫富差距也在拉大，处理各类社会矛盾的难度也更大。
传统的社会管理体制和管理方式已不能适应经济社会变革的需要，推进社会治理创新的要求十分迫切。
党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出，改进社会治理方式。
坚持系统治理，加强党委领导，发挥政府主导作用，鼓励和支持社会各方面参与，实现政府治理和社会自我调节、居民自治良性互动。
坚持依法治理，加强法治保障，运用法治思维和法治方式化解社会矛盾。
坚持综合治理，强化道德约束，规范社会行为，调节利益关系，协调社会关系，解决社会问题。
坚持源头治理，标本兼治、重在治本，以网格化管理、社会化服务为导向，健全基层综合服务管理平台，及时反映和协调人民群众各方面各层次的利益诉求。
2014年，上海市委把“创新社会治理、加强基础建设”列为头号调研课题。
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）数学（理工农医类）一. 填空题（本大题共有14题，每题4分，满分56分）1．设全集U=R ，若集合{}A=12,3,4，，{}23B x x =≤≤，则U AC B = ； 2．若复数z 满足31z z i +=+，其中i 为虚数单位，则z = ；3．若线性方程组的增广矩阵为122301c c ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，解为35x y =⎧⎨=⎩，则12c c -= ； 4．若正三棱柱的所有棱长均为a，且其体积为a = ；5．抛物线22(p 0)y px =>上的动点Q 到焦点的距离的最小值为1，则p = ；6．若圆锥的侧面积与过轴的截面面积之比为2π，则其母线与轴的夹角大小为 ；7．方程()()1122log 95log 322x x ---=-+的解为 ；8．在报名的3名男教师和6名女教师中，选取5人参加义务献血，要求男、女教师都有，则不同的选取方式的种数为 ；（结果用数值表示）9．已知点P 和Q 的横坐标相同，P 的纵坐标是Q 的纵坐标的2倍，P 和Q 的轨迹分别为1C 和2C ，若1C的渐近线方程为y =，则2C 的渐近线方程为 ；10．设()1f x -为()222x x f x -=+，[]0,2x ∈的反函数，则()()1y f x f x -=+的最大值为 ； 11．在10201511x x ⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中，2x 项的系数为 ；（结果用数值表示） 12．赌博有陷阱，某种赌博每局的规则是：赌客先在标记有1、2、3、4、5的卡片中随机摸取一张，将卡片上的数字作为其赌金（单位：元）；随后放回该卡片，再随机摸取两张，将这两张卡片上数字之差的绝对值的1.4倍作为其奖金（单位：元）；若随机变量1ξ和2ξ分别表示赌客在一局赌博中的赌金和奖金，则12E E ξξ-= 元；13．已知函数()sin f x x =，若存在12,,m x x x 满足1206m x x x π≤<<<≤，且()()()()()()()*12231++=122,m m f x f x f x f x f x f x m m N --+--≥∈，则m 的最小值为 ；14．在锐角三角形ABC 中，1tan 2A =，D 为边BC 上的点，ABD 与ACD 的面积分别为2和4，过D 作DE AB ⊥于E ，DF AC ⊥于F ，则DE DF = ；一. 选择题（本大题共有4题，每题5分，满分20分）15．设12z z C ∈、，则“12z z 、中至少有一个数是虚数”是“12z z -是虚数”的（ ）A. 充分非必要条件B. 必要非充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既非充分也非必要条件16．已知点A的坐标为()，将OA 绕坐标原点O 逆时针旋转3π至OB ，则点B 的纵坐标为（ ）C. 112D.13217．记方程①：2110x a x ++=；方程②：2210x a x ++=；③：2310x a x ++=；其中123a a a 、、是正实数，当123a a a 、、成等比数列时，下列选项中，能推出方程③无实数根的是（ ）A. 方程①有实根，且②有实根B. 方程①有实根，且②无实根C. 方程①无实根，且②有实根D. 方程①无实根，且②无实根18．设(),n n n P x y 是直线()*21n x y n N n -=∈+与圆222x y +=在第一象限的交点，则极限1lim 1n x n y x →∞-=-（ ）A. 1-B. 12-C. 1D. 2二. 解答题（本大题共有5题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19. (本题满分12分)如图，在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，11,2,AA AB AD E F ===、分别是棱AB BC 、的中点.证明A C F E 、、、四点共面，并求直线CD 与平面AC FE 所成的角的大小.20. (本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分.如图，A B C 、、三地有直道相通，5AB =千米，3AC =，4BC =千米，现甲乙两警员同时从A 地出发匀速前往B 地，经过t 小时，他们之间的距离为()t f (单位：千米).甲的路线是AB ，速度为5千米/小时，乙的路线是ACB ，速度为8千米/小时. 乙到达B 地后在原地等待. 设1=t t 时，乙到达C 地.(1)求1t 与()1f t 的值；(2)已知警员的对讲机的有效通话距离是3千米. 当11≤≤t t 时，求()t f 的表达式，并判断()t f 在[]1,1t 上的最大值是否超过3？说明理由.21. (本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分. 已知椭圆1222=+y x ，过原点的两条直线1l 和2l 分别与椭圆交于点A B 、和C D 、记得到的平行四边形ABCD 的面积为S .(1)设()()1122,,C ,y A x y x . 用A C 、的坐标表示C 到直线1l 的距离，并证明12212y x y x S -=；(2)设1l 与2l 的斜率之积为21-，求面积S 的值.22. （本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分, 第3小题满分6分.已知数列{}n a 与{}n b 满足112(),*n n n n a a b b n N ++-=-∈.(1)若35,b n =+且1a =,求{}a 的通项公式;(2)设{}n a 的第0n 项是最大项,即0(*)n n a a n N ≥∈,求证:{}n b 的第0n 项是最大项;(3)设10a λ=<,(*)n n b n N λ=∈,求λ的取值范围,使得{}n a 有最大值M 和最小值m ，且使得(2,2).M m∈-23. （本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分, 第3小题满分8分.对于定义域为R 的函数()g x ，若存在正常数T ，使得cos ()g x 是以T 为周期的函数，则称()g x 为余弦周期函数，且称T 为其余弦周期，已知()f x 是以T 为余弦周期的余弦周期函数，其值域为R ，设()f x 单调递增，(0)0,()4.f f T π==（1）验证()sin 3x h x x =+是以6π为余弦周期的余弦周期函数； （2）设a b <，证明对任意[(),()]c f a f b ∈，存在0[,]x a b ∈，使得0()f x c =；（3）证明：“0u 为方程cos ()1f x =在[0,]T 上的解”的充要条件是“0+u T 为方程cos ()1f x =在[,2]T T 上的解”，并证明对任意[0,]x T ∈都有()()()f x T f x f T +=+.这样看来，一般来说，生活中，若如果我们听到坏消息怎么样出现了，我们就不得不考虑它出现了的事实。
2015年上海中考英语真题试卷(含答案) (1)精选全文完整版
精选全文完整版2015年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。
试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。
Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）I. Listening comprehension（听力理解）（共30分）A．Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分）1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. __________B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear（根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）7. A) A dog. B) A cat. C) A rabbit. D) A bird.8. A) In France. B) In Britain. C) In Italy. D) In Germany.9. A) At 6:30. B) At 7:00. C) At 7:30. D) At 8:00.10. A) Sam. B) Judy. C) Kitty. D) Eddie.11. A) Spring. B) Summer. C) Autumn. D) Winter.12. A) Because a huge dog ran after her. B) Because she had a terrible dream.C) Because her dad woke her up. D) Because the street was too dark.13. A) Walking to his office. B) Looking for a flat.C) Taking some pictures. D) Decorating his bedroom.14. A) How to make movies. B) How to read novels.C) How to learn English. D) How to talk with foreigners.C. Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements are true or false（判断下列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）15. The boy went to a store to choose a mobile phone for his mum.16. With the help of the shop assistant, the boy knew how the phone worked.17. The price of the white phone was too high for the boy.18. The white phone couldn’t be used to send emails or play games.19. At last, the boy bought a phone of the same model as the shop assistant’s.20. This dialogue is about whether a student should buy an expensive phone or not.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容。
上海市(行政职业能力测验)真题2015年(B类)及答案解析
上海市（行政职业能力测验）真题2015年（B类）及答案解析(1/5)选词填空根据题意，从所给的词语中选出最恰当的词语填入空格内，从而使句子的意思表达得最准确。
第1题为了自己想过的生活，勇于放弃一些东西。
这个世界没有公正之处，你也永远得不到两全之计。
若要自由，就得______安全；要闲散，就不能______别人评价中的成就；要愉悦，就别______身边人给予的态度；要前行，就得______你现在停留的地方。
A.放弃，获得，计较，牺牲B.放弃，计较，获得，离开C.牺牲，计较，获得，放弃D.牺牲，获得，计较，离开下一题(2/5)选词填空根据题意，从所给的词语中选出最恰当的词语填入空格内，从而使句子的意思表达得最准确。
第2题______建国以来城镇化发展的道路并非平坦顺畅，______我国城镇化的总体发展速度，明显快于欧美发达国家与众多发展中国家。
______，城镇化进程并不是越快越好，要与我国的经济增长、新增就业岗位、资源、生态环境保持协调、可持续的关系，不能依靠透支土地、透支资源、透支环境推进城镇化。
______一味地将长期累积的城镇化压力在短期内完全释放，______极有可能会带来一系列的社会问题与社会矛盾。
A.鉴于，可是，然而，如果，就B.虽然，然而，因而，如果，那么C.虽然，但，然而，倘若，则D.虽然，可是，所以，由于，就上一题下一题(3/5)选词填空根据题意，从所给的词语中选出最恰当的词语填入空格内，从而使句子的意思表达得最准确。
第3题过多信息摄入或过度信息______让我的人生不自由。
十五年来，我把一生中最宝贵的光阴都花在互联网上，花在许多与我的人生并无关系的______上。
我热爱生活，并且喜欢安静，我更想坐在阳台上读几本书，______地过一上午，而不是坐在电脑前，与世界抱成一团。
A.爆炸，名人轶事，美滋滋B.爆炸，奇闻异事，懒洋洋C.依赖，奇闻异事，懒洋洋D.依赖，名人轶事，美滋滋上一题下一题(4/5)选词填空根据题意，从所给的词语中选出最恰当的词语填入空格内，从而使句子的意思表达得最准确。
2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word-完整精校版)
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷（已反复核对，希望最大限度保证准确）考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Impatient. B. Confused. C. Pleased. D. Regretful.2. A. At a bus stop. B. At a laundry. C. At the dentist’s. D. At the Chemist’s.3. A. An actor. B. A salesman. C. A translator. D. A writer.4. A. he lost his ClAssmAte’s homework. B. he CAn’t help the woman with her math.C. he Broke the womAn’s CAlCulAtor.D. he doesn’t know where the “on” Button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter.B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislikes the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea w here to find the mAn’s exAm result.B. she isn’t Allowed to tell students their grAdes.C. dr. white hAsn’t finished grAding the pApers.d. dr. white doesn’t wAnt to Be ContACted while he’s AwAy.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory. B. Find a person to share their apartment.C. Clean the room with the roommate.D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. BoB won’t tAke her AdviCe.B. BoB doesn’t wAnt to go ABroAd.C. she doesn’t think BoB should study overseAs.d. she hAsn’t tAlked to BoB sinCe he went abroad.9. A. the snACk BAr isn’t usuAlly so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library. d. snACks Aren’t Allowed inthe library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It help s CAre for Customers’ dogs. B. you hAve to Buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there. B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She d oesn’t like to Be Alone.13. A. A new kind of café. B. A new brand of coffee.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10% B. 12% C. 6% D. 7%16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives. B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A）Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found wAs Convenient, But i’d notiCed A womAn in A Blue CAr CirCling for a while. (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.pretty soon i’d mAde my wAy through the supermArket And wAs BACk in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _____ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just As i ApproAChed my CAr, i sAw the womAn i’d let hAve my CAr spot earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I saw the s Ame lAdy (28) _____ (look) in At me. “hello,” she sAid, hesitAntly. “this (29) _____ sound CrAzy But i wAs on my wAy to drop some of my mother’s things off At the ChArity Bins. you Are Just so muCh (30) _____ her. You helped those people, I noticed, and yo u seemed so hAppy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window.“i think she would like you to hAve it.” (31) _____ (shoCk), i took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with A lArge grey peArl. it wAs (32) _____ (niCe) gift i’d ever reCeived, And it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpful Hannah,i’ve g ot a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago, and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) _____ (check) for text messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! he’s so AddiCted to it thAt he Just CAn’t stAnd the ideA (34) _____ there mAy Be An importAnt text. he CAn’t help CheCking even At inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) _____ _____ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. the temptAtion to see (36) _____ is ContACting him is Just too great. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37) _____ (ignore) me, he sAys, “in A minute,” But still CheCks to see if (38) _____ hAs posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) _____ (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Maybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.i reCently reAd An ArtiCle ABout “nomophoBiA,” (40) _____ is A reAl illness people can suffer from: the fear of being without your phone! Iam worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels Anxious if he doesn’t hAve his phone with him, even for A short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired SadieSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Considering how much time people spend in offices, it is important that work spaces be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help CreAte A CorporAtion’s imAge. they motivAte workers, And they mAke An impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 , customers. They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strAtegiC mAnAgement environment.” these 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies（等级制度）have flattened, or decreased,offiCe designers’ response to this ChAnge hA s been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Offices and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that 46 workstations. Designers hAve Also CreAted informAl gAthering plACes, And upgrAded employees’47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands, including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies, and technological innovation （especially in relation to computerization）. These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors（内饰）that in some way enhAnCe, estABlish, or promote A CompAny’s imAge And will enABle employees to 49 at their best.All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good marriage --- the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect a deep interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. the53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they Could get A sense of eACh other’s individuAlity. then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understandingof attraction. Many animals give off pheromones —natural chemicalsthat can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal iseither ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously,we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, includingseeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judgefaces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face,yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as peoplewho had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. tested B. imposed C. changed D. created55. A.B. virtuesC. similaritiesD. passions appearances56. A.B. implicationsC. ingredientsD. intentions illustrations57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. questionB. EyeC. HeartD. Hand60. A.NoseB. alertC. resistantD. superior61. A.open62. A.B. amazedC. confusedD. gifted disappointedC. individualityD. signals63. A. emotions B.attractiveness64. A.B. possessC. maintainD. asses enhanceB. plainC. positiveD. irritating65. A.familiarSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one thatfits best according to the information given in the passage you havejust read.(A)l ook to mAny of history’s CulturAl symBols, And there you’ll find An ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared onsome of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humAnity’s eArliest forms of folk art during several years of research around the world.F or example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of florenCe, itAly, to Build A snowmAn in his mAnsion’s CourtyArd.T he Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing weeks called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a refleCtion of people’s imAginAtion. for the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of artistic freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.I f you fear the heyday of the snowman hAs pAssed, don’t worry: i’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechseläuten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Böögg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Böögg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood.After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “the heydAy of the snowmAn” (pArAgrA ph 4) means the time when___________.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary BunnyT he Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine (粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, And if you wAtCh it, you’ll understAnd why. it’s An ABsolutely BrilliAnt cartoon comedy.C heese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have stArted A CompAny to proteCt the town’s vegetA bles from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable Competition,an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it.T he screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny.T o sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitABle for Both Children And Adults. if you liked wAllACe And gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. don’t miss it!70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. the writer’s opinion of actingC. the writer’s Comments on the storyD. The background information71. According to the film review, “the monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. it’s full of wit And humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.(C)O ne of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the deAth of Julius CAesAr. “Brutus wAs not An honorABle mAn,” he sAid. “he wAs A traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in Cold Blood.” the Agreement wAs thAt Brutus hAd ACted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar wAs nevertheless his superior. “you hAve to understAnd,” the exeCutives sAid, “our poliCy is to oBey the ChAin of CommAnd.”D uring the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting shAkespeAre’s wisdom for profitABle ends. none more so thAn husBAnd and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White Hous e, who stArted up A trAining CompAny CAlled “movers And shAkespeAres”. they Are AmAteur shAkespeAre sCholArs And Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.T he workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as akind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for exAmple, CAssius’s sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organising.A lthough neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explAnAtion of henry’s winning strAtegy At the BAttle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, sAying “the noBlest romAn of them All” Couldn’t mAke his mind up ABout things.M any of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the plAy thAt they felt to Be relAted. CAesAr’s pride, whiCh led to his murder, And Brutus’s mistAkes in leAding the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business: when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Rude74. ACCording to the pAssAge, the AdelmAns set up “movers And shAkespeAres” to ________.A. help exeCutives to understAnd shAkespeAre’s plAys BetterB. give AdviCe on leAdership By AnAlyzing shAkespeAre’s plAysC. provide CAse studies of shAkespeAre’s plAys in literAture workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in shAkespeAre’s plAys.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A. the AdelmAns’ progrAmm e proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of shAkespeAre’s plAys.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. shAkespeAre’s plAys: exeCutives reConsider CorporAte CultureB. shAkespeAre’s plAys: An essentiAl key to Business suCCessC. shAkespeAre’s plAys: A lesson for Business motivAt iond. shAkespeAre’s plAys: drAmAtiC trAining Brings drAmAtiC resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Y outh sport has the potential to accomplish three important oBJeCtives in Children’s development. first, sport progrAms provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth-sport programs have long been Considered importAnt to youth’s psyChoso cial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills（运动技能）; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.R esearch from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté(2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g., in the street, on A plAying field or in someone’s BACkyArd). when involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their behavior (whether they win or lose) than with thebehavior (having fun).O n the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with new or different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although the drills used in deliberate practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to________________.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimedat____________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
三年高考真题精编专题 认识论
生活与哲学第二单元求索真理的历程——认识论第六课求索真理的历程1（2015年上海卷23）实践的观点是辩证唯物主义认识论的首要的基本观点，实践是( )A.人的精神活动B.人的理性行为C.人的日常生活D.人的存在方式【答案】D【考点定位】实践的含义2（2015年上海卷25）随着工业化、城镇化的快速推进，与之相关的人口、资源、环境、生态等一系列社会问题接踵而至，人类居住环境承载力受到前所未有的考验。
由此在融合建筑学、城市规划学、风景园林学等学科基础上，形成了人类环境学。
这表明实践是( )A.认识的重要来源B.认识发展的动力C.人类认识的目的D.检验认识的标准【答案】B【考点定位】实践是认识的基础3（2015年四川卷6）观察图2.漫画蕴含的哲理有①人们可以根据事物的固有联系建立新的联系②人的认识受主客观因素影响具有主体差异性③人们实践水平的高低决定其认识能力的高低④人们的意识归根到底是客观存在的主观映像A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④【答案】C【考点定位】认识的反复性、无限性、意识的内容4（2015年重庆文综政治卷27）古人削桐为琴，纳万物之声，琴音松沉旷远，能让人雪燥静心，琴乐洁净清澈，能让人感发心志，升华心灵意境，古琴名曲《流水》表现了生命与自然的和谐，被录入特制唱片，搭载美国太空飞船向茫茫宇宙转达人类智慧和文明，关于古琴艺术，下列说法正确的是①琴乐感发心志，体现了事物间的内在联系②琴音的物理特性决定了听琴者的情感体验③欣赏古琴音乐对人体生理活动具有调节作用④古琴制作，琴曲创作具有社会历史性的特征Ａ.①②Ｂ.①③Ｃ.②④Ｄ.③④【答案】 D【考点定位】本题主要是考查意识的能动作用和实践的特征。
5（2015年江苏卷27）某实验团队通过对细胞凋亡发生和调控机制的研究，揭示了细胞凋亡通路中的一系列分子过程。
根据其研究成果研发的治疗癌症新药，已进入临床试验阶段。
这表明①意识能够直接改造客观世界②思维和存在具有同一性③发挥主观能动性就能认识规律④实践是认识的目的和归宿A、①③B、①④C、②③D、②④【答案】D【考点定位】本题考查思维和存在具有同一性，实践是认识的基础6（2015年天津卷9）漫画《塑造》所蕴含的哲理是（）A.认识的对象具有多重属性B.认识受主体自身状况的影响C.意识是移入人脑的客观存在D.意识是对客观存在的正确反映【答案】B【考点定位】本题考查的知识点是意识的本质和分类以及认识的特点的知识。
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2015年上海小升初数学历年真题
1. 小明买了1支钢笔，所用的钱比所带的总钱数的一半多0.5元；买了1支圆珠笔，所用的钱比买钢笔后余下的钱的一半少0.5元；又买了
2.8元的本子，最后剩下0.8元.小明带了多少元钱？
解：还原问题的思考方法来解答。
买圆珠笔后余下2.8+0.8=3.6元，买钢笔后余下(3.6-0.5)×2=6.2元，小明带了(6.2+0.5)×2=13.4元
2. 儿子今年6岁，父亲10年前的年龄等于儿子20年后的年龄.当父亲的年龄恰好是儿子年龄的2倍时是在公元哪一年？
解：儿子20年后是6+20=26岁，父亲今年26+10=36岁。
父亲比儿子大36-6=30岁。
当父亲的年龄是儿子年龄的2倍时，儿子的年龄就和年龄差相同，那么到那时儿子30岁。
所以，是在30-6+2007=2031年时。
3. 在一条长12米的电线上，黄甲虫在8：20从右端以每分钟15厘米的速度向左端爬去；8：30红甲虫和蓝甲虫从左端分别以每分钟13厘米和11厘米的速度向右端爬去，红甲虫在什么时刻恰好在蓝甲虫和黄甲虫的中间？
解："恰好在中间"，我的理解是在蓝甲虫和黄甲虫的中点上。
假设一只甲虫A行在红甲虫的前面，并且让红甲虫一直保持在蓝甲虫和A甲虫的中点上。
那么A甲虫的速度每分钟行13×2-11=15厘米。
当A甲虫和黄甲虫相遇时，就满足条件了。
所以A甲虫出发时，与黄甲虫相距12×100-15×(30-20)=1050厘米。
需要1050÷(15+15)=35分钟相遇。
即红甲虫在9：05时恰好居于蓝甲虫和黄甲虫的中点上。
4. 一支解放军部队从驻地乘车赶往某地抗洪抢险，如果将车速比原来提高1/9，就可比预定的时间20分钟赶到；如果先按原速度行驶72千米，再将车速比原来提高1/3，就可比预定的时间提前30分钟赶到.这支解放军部队的行程是多少千米？
解：车速提高1/9，所用的时间就是预定时间的1÷(1+1/9)=9/10，所以预定时间是20÷(1-9/10)=200分钟。
速度提高1/3，如果行完全程，所用时间就是预定时间的1÷(1+1/3)=3/4，即提前200×(1-3/4)=50分钟。
但却提前了30分钟，说明有30÷50=3/5的路程提高了速度。
所以，全程是72÷(1-3/5)=180千米。
这题我有一巧妙的，小学生容易懂的算术方法。
如将车速比原来提高9分之1，速度比变为10：9，所以时间比为9：10，原来要用时20*(10-9)=200分。
如一开始就提高3分之1，就会用时：3*200/4=150分，这样提前50分，而实际提前30分，所以72千米占全程的1-30/50=20/50，
所以全程72/(20/50)=180千米。
回答者：纵览飞云- 魔法师四级1-9 18:56
5. 一只船从甲码头到乙码头往返一次共用4小时，回来时顺水比去时每小时多行12千米.因此后2小时比前2小时多行18千米，那么甲、乙两个码头距离是几千米？
解：逆水行的18÷2=9千米，顺水要行12×2-9=15千米。
所以顺水速度是12÷(15-9)×15=30千米/小时。
逆水速度是30-12=18千米/小时。
所以两个码头相距18×2+9=45千米
解：后2小时比前2小时多行18千米，意味着前2小时只行到了离乙码头18/2=9千米的地方。
顺水比逆水每小时多行12千米，那么2小时就应该多行12*2=24千米，实际上少了24-18=6千米，从而，顺水只行了：2-6/12=1.5小时。
逆水行9千米用了2-1.5=0.5小时，逆水速度是：9/0.5=18千米顺水速度是：18+12=30千米甲乙两码头的距离是：30*1.5=45千米。
18÷12=1.5(时)就是回来时顺水所用的时间,那么去时所用的时间就是4-1.5=2.5(时)
那么去时的速度就是18÷(2.5-1.5)=18(千米)
路程就是:18×2.5=45(千米)
6. 甲、乙两个班的学生人数的比是5：4，如果从乙班转走9名学生，那么甲班就比乙班人数多2/3.这时乙班有多少人？
解：甲班比乙班多2/3，说明乙班3份，甲班3+2=5份，份数刚好没有变。
说明乙班转走的9名同学刚好是4-3=1份。
所以这时乙班人数是9×3=27人。
解：乙班转走9人后两班人数之比为5：3
则这个9人就是乙班原来人数的1/4，现在的1/3。
所以乙班现在有9*3=27人`
7. 甲、乙两堆煤共重78吨，从甲堆运出25%到乙堆，则乙堆与甲堆的重量比是8：5.原来各有多少吨煤？
解：后来甲堆有78÷(8+5)×5=30吨。
原来甲堆就有30÷(1-25%)=40吨。
原来乙堆就有78-40=38吨。
8. 一件工作，甲单独做要20天完成，乙单独做要12天完成，如果这件工作先由甲队做若干天，再由乙队做完，两个队共用了14天，甲队做了几天？
解：如果14天都是乙做的，那么就会多做14/12-1=1/6。
乙做一天就会多做1/12-1/20=1/30。
所以乙做了1/6÷1/30=5天。
如果全是乙队做要用12天，实际上两队做用了14天，比乙队独做多用了14-12=2天，
这是因为甲队的工作效率低的缘故。
甲队一天比乙队一天的工作量少;1/12-1/20=1/30
所以甲队做了：1/12*2/1/30=5天
回答者：晨雾微曦- 高级经理六级1-10 13:05
9. 某电机厂计划生产一批电机，开始每天生产50台，生产了计划的1/5后，由于技术改造使工作效率提高60%，这样完成任务比计划提前了3天，生产这批电机的任务是多少台？解法一：
完成1-1/5=4/5的任务，由于提高了工作效率，
所以工作时间就相当于原来的4/5÷(1+60%)=1/2。
那么原计划的工作时间是3÷(1-1/5-1/2)=10天。
所以生产这批电机的任务是10×50=500台。
解法二：
生产了计划的1/5后,实际的天数:3÷60%=5天
计划的天数：5+3=8天
总计划的天数：8÷(1-1/5)=10天
总共有10×50=500台
生产了计划的1/5后,实际的天数:
3÷60%=5天
计划的天数：
5+3=8天
总计划的天数：
8÷(1-1/5)=10天
总共有10×50=500台
10. 两个数相除商9余4，如果被除数、除数都扩大到原来的3倍.那么被除数、除数、商、余数之和等于2583.原来的被除数和除数各是多少？
解：当被除数和除数扩大到原来的3倍时，余数也会跟着扩大的，商不变。
因此商还是9，余数就变成了4×3=12。
所以，被除数=除数×9+12。
所以，被除数+除数+商+余数=除数×9+12+除数+9+12
整理可以知道：除数=(2583-12×2-9)÷(9+1)=255
所以被除数是255×9+12=2307。
所以原来的被除数是2307÷3=769，除数是255÷3=85。