american government
英语国家概况：Chapter 10 Government(美国政府)
V . Foreign Policy 1. Neutrality 2. Containment and Intervention
Ⅰ. Constitution
ernment
CONTENTS
01
The Fcial system & state judicial system
Difference between federal court
and state court
Ⅲ. Political Parties
2022
Election
Ⅴ.Foreign Policy
Review Questions
foreign policy?
Thank you!
03 The Executive
3.1 Departments
3.2 Functions of The President
3.3 Qualifications of The President
3.4 White House
3.1 Departments
The executive branch consists of 15 departments and many independent agencies； Cabinet: major source of advice and assistance to the president President: the chief of the executive branch. First citizen & First Lady
T
III. Political Parties 1. Two-party system
乔治华盛顿英语简介
乔治华盛顿英语简介乔治·华盛顿，美国杰出的资产阶级政治家、军事家、革命家，美国开国元勋、国父、首任总统。
下面是小编为你整理的乔治华盛顿英语简介，希望对你有用!乔治·华盛顿简介George Washington (February 22, 1732 - December 14, 1799), the United States outstanding bourgeois politicians, military strategists, revolutionaries, the founding fathers of the United States, the father, the first president.1775 to 1783 American War of Independence when the Continental Army (Continental Army) commander in chief, 1787 presided over the Constituent Assembly. The meeting developed the current US Constitution. In 1789, he became the first president of the United States (which became the first president of the world to be the "president"), and in the successive elections, Have won all the electoral groups without objection support, has served as president until 1797. He has set up many policies and traditions that have continued into today's term. At the end of his two terms, he voluntarily waived his power to no longer seek to succeed.Washington, as the most important role in the American Warof Independence and the founding of the country, was known as the "father of the United States", also known as "the father of the United States." The scholars tied him to Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Roosevelt as the greatest president in American history. George Washington was rated by the American authoritative journal "Atlantic Monthly" as the second of the 100 characters in the United States.乔治·华盛顿为政举措Build the United StatesFrom 1775 to 1781, Washington led the army to fight the mighty British army. In this war of independence, Washington chose the right strategy, as the Roman general Fabius Maximus (Fabius Maximus) in the second Punic War strategy (Fabry strategy), continued to delay the enemy Will be able to make the British as Hannibal then, "attacked the door" but "no door into the door." Soon the British will understand that continuing to fight is just a waste of resources, they can only pursue the US military melee, but can not completely capture the main US military.At the same time, Washington took the opportunity to attack. In 1776 he regained Boston in 1776, despite his defeat in the subsequent battle of New York and the battle of Long Island, but he persevered in the struggle, and at the end of 1776 andearly 1777, Terenton and Princeton were Victory. In October 1777, under his command of Horatio Gates and Benedictine Arnold led the North American Army in Saratoga to Bai Gao Ying led the 5000 British soldiers surrounded and captured the United States, the war of independence. Finally, in 1781, Washington personally led the army to Kang Weili (also translated Charles Convorius) generals of the British forces around the town of York. Under the attack of the United States and France, in October 1781, General Kang Wally and 7,000 British troops surrendered to the US military. The victory was the most glorious moment in Washington's career, and the end of the war on the North American battlefield - the North American people won the final victory.The victory on the battlefield accelerated the independence of the United States, such as the recovery of Boston to promote the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. But Washington is not just a war of war. He is well aware that the war will win through diplomatic channels, rather than relying on the soldiers. York town after the victory over two years, after diplomatic negotiations, the United Kingdom finally admitted that the United States independent, meritorious Washington choose to retreat.However, the newborn American faces many difficulties. As a confederation country, the United States of America is only a loose alliance of 13 states. 176 years of Xie Division uprising finally shook the ruling group, they invariably recognize the need to strengthen the central power and urgency. In this way, in Washington in 1787, again, as the chairman of the Constituent Assembly presided over the development of the "Federal Constitution", established a real national government, after the "Confederation" under the loose alliance has finally become a veritable country.Create a regimeSet up cabinetIn 1789, Washington's outstanding merit made him elected as the first president of the United States. April 30, Washington in the United States was the temporary capital of New York sworn in. After eight years of war and eight years of political turmoil in the United States, the problem is difficult, and the federal government must create its own institutions. Washington has made the liberal and conservative in the cabinet to maintain a balance, so that the various regions of the country, the interests of political groups in the government can be a balanced reflection.In the cabinet, Washington relies heavily on the talented, savvy Hamilton. Hamilton actively boldly proposed a series of ambitious plans to restore the economy, develop industry and trade, and stabilize credit. In Washington, the support and intervention were put into practice: the sinking fund law, the federal government to repay the wartime public and private debt; banking law, in accordance with the British Bank of England as a model in the United States to establish a national Bank of the United States to consolidate the country Credit, stable currency, active national economy. As well as domestic tax law, cast silk and tons of tax laws and so on. He also established the presidential veto system in his first term, perfecting the presidential system.Washington's first term is calm and remarkable. He established the government agencies of the United States of America, and the government was on track and made great achievements. In Washington, when he entered his second term, the Cabinet disagreed, the party was intensified, and Jefferson and Hamilton, the main members of the cabinet, made resignations.Perfect justiceDuring the first term in Washington, the first tenamendments to the Constitution, which were known as the Bill of Rights, were approved. According to the judicial law of 1789, the third department of the US government, the Supreme Court, was established, and New York State conservative John Jay was appointed Chief Justice in Washington.As the first president, Washington appointed almost all Supreme Court judges, the same number was only served by as long as four (1933 - 1945) Roosevelt had arrived. In this way, the formation of the Supreme Court, coupled with the birth of the first Congress, the US federal republic was really established.In Washington, some states joined the federation, so that the federal system was promoted. The state was joined by North Carolina (1789); Rhode Island (1790); Vermont (1791); Kentucky (1792); Tennessee (1796).foreign policyIn 1793 April, Britain and France to open the war, Washington adopted a neutral policy, which was attacked by kinship, pro-law leader Jefferson resigned from the duties of the Secretary of State. Washington's neutrality policy is not only resentful of dissatisfaction with France, but also by the British challenge. The US-ROK relations have deteriorated sharply, and Congress has made preparations for war, whileWashington's goal is to avoid a war with Britain. In April 1794, Washington, the main member of the pro-British faction, the Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay as envoy, went to Britain to negotiate. In November the same year, signed the "Jay Treaty". "Jay Treaty" to ease the US-British relations, the preservation of peace, to ensure the integrity of the western United States territory, and laid the foundation for the expansion of the United States to the west. In addition, he also signed a declaration, declared "strict neutrality" policy, so as to avoid the United States involved in the European war.Sign the billThe signing of the Judiciary Act of 1789, also known as the Constitution of 1789, is a law establishing the federal court and the Supreme Court system.Signed the Indian Intercourse Acts, which stipulated that the Great Plains of Nebraska was land for the Indians and entered into force in 1790.Signed the "Residence Act of 1790", Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as a temporary capital of the federal government.Signed the Bank Act of 1791, issued a permit to the North American bank, making it the first modern private commercial bank.Signed the "Coinage Act of 1792", which stipulates the American coin coinage standard.Signed the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 to mediate legal disputes between the two states of Pennsylvania and Virginia for a kidnapping case.Signed the Naval Act of 1794, founded the US Navy.Signed the Land Act of 1796, which was completed at the last minute of his tenure.Peaceful transferIn his second term, Washington will no longer accept the request of him as the third president. On September 17, 1796, Washington published his famous "farewell words", summed up his political experience of his life, and made wise and earnest advice to his compatriots. He called on the whole country to maintain unity, cherish the federal, abide by federal law, obey the election results. He opposed the will of a party to replace the will of the country, he warned that the party struggle will lead to the division of the country. He warned his fellow citizens to be free and friendly with all the nations, and treat all nations with upright and impartial feelings. He firmly stated that our "real policy is to avoid a permanent alliance with any part of the foreign world, and that the trust can onlybe temporarily aligned to cope with the particularly urgent situation." These warnings of Washington, and later became the rulers of the United States Policy on the pursuit of the standard, the subsequent political life of the United States has a very significant impact.On March 4, 1797, Washington handed over power to his successor, John Adams, to create an example of the supreme power of peaceful transfer in this new kingdom, which was followed by successive presidents. He chose to give peace to the presidency to John Adams. Opened the presidency of the President of the United States generally no more than two sessions. Washington has set a lot of precedents for the future of the United States, and the president's no more than two precedents are seen as a very important influence on Washington.It is fortunate that the United States has a man of both virtue and integrity in Washington as the first president. Looking at the history of the countries of South America and Africa, we can see that even a new country with a democratic constitution at the beginning, it is easy to fall into a military authoritarian state. Washington is a firm leader who maintains the unity of the state, but he does not have the ambition to dominate the regime forever, neither the king northe dictator. He pioneered the initiative to give power - a precedent that the United States still pursues.---来源网络整理，仅供参考。
英美国家概况判断题
Chapter 11.( )people in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to theircountry.英国不同地区的人们喜欢用这个名字英格兰引用他们的国家。
2.( )The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flowsthrough western England.塞文河是英国最长的河流,它起源于威尔士和英格兰西部流过。
3.( )Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.今天有一半以上的人仍然在威尔士说古代威尔士的语言。
4.( )In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.在人口和面积方面,北爱尔兰是英国第二大的一部分。
5.( )Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotlandoften falls below -10o C in January.虽然在英国通常是温和的气候,在苏格兰北部的温度经常低于-10年1月份oc6.( )The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.英国的大多数人是盎格鲁撒克逊人的后裔。
7.( )The Celtic people were earliest known inhabitants of Britain.英国凯尔特人们现知最早的定居者。
American goverment .ppt
The House has special jobs that only it can perform. It can: Start laws that make people pay taxes. Decide if a government official should be put on trial before the Senate if s/he commits a crime against the country. This is known as 中国. 中国.中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享 impeachment.
2.1 The Federal Government
Judicial Branch
The Federal Government—the central Government— Government government. Executive Three equal and separate branches： branches：
Foreign 中国. Language Teaching and Research 中国.中学政治教学网崇尚互联共享Press
Legislative Branch
Congress : two houses the Senate ( two senators for each state and every six years an election) the House of Representatives( 435 members elected according to population, every even year an election) Main functions to pass laws( proposed bills) to investigate ( whether an appointment is appropriate or whether a accusation is true, or etc.) to compel testimony from unwilling witnesses and to cite for contempt of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify, and for perjury those who give false testimony.
商务英语翻译-U5凝练翻译法
money circulation
融资
Vocabulary
money laundering ['lɔːndərɪŋ] public funds anti-money laundry ['lɔːndrɪ] money laundering countermeasures international hot money funds management default [dɪ'fɔːlt] 洗钱 公款 反洗钱 反洗钱 国际游资 自己管理 违约，不履行
课外补充练习
9. The price of the products should be fixed by the two parties at a level that will bring profit to both. 10. Their respective destinies are becoming increasingly interdependent. 11. The purpose of insurance is to provide protection against financial loss at a
11. If you write to him, the response would be absolute silence and void.
译文：你写信给他，永远是石沉大海。（省略连词）
从修饰角度进行减省
有些词语在英语里是必不可少的，但在汉语中却并非如此，如 直译成汉语则往往显得累赘噜嗦。为了使译文简洁晓畅、“文约 而意丰”，这样的词语必须省去或是精简。 精炼压缩——把英语中较为复杂的结构包括从句压缩成精炼的 汉语词组 例如：
译文：冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ （省略连词）
美国移民入籍考试100题
(rev. 03/11)Civics (History and Government) Questions for the Naturalization TestThe 100 civics (history and government) questions and answers for the naturalization test are listed below. The civics test is an oral test and the USCIS Officer will ask the applicant up to 10 of the 100 civics questions. An applicant must answer 6 out of 10 questions correctly to pass the civics portion of the naturalization test.On the naturalization test, some answers may change because of elections or appointments. As you study for the test, make sure that you know the most current answers to these questions. Answer these questions with the name of the official who is serving at the time of your eligibility interview with USCIS. The USCIS Officer will not accept an incorrect answer.Although USCIS is aware that there may be additional correct answers to the 100 civics questions, applicants are encouraged to respond to the civics questions using the answers provided below.AMERICAN GOVERNMENTA: Principles of American Democracy1. What is the supreme law of the land?▪ the Constitution2. What does the Constitution do?▪ sets up the government▪ defines the government▪ protects basic rights of Americans3. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words?▪ We the People4. What is an amendment?▪ a change (to the Constitution)▪ an addition (to the Constitution)5. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution?▪ the Bill of Rights6. What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?*▪ speech▪ religion▪ assembly▪ press▪ petition the government7. How many amendments does the Constitution have?▪ twenty-seven (27)8. What did the Declaration of Independence do?▪ announced our independence (from Great Britain)▪ declared our independence (from Great Britain)▪ said that the United States is free (from Great Britain)9. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence?▪ life▪ liberty▪ pursuit of happiness10. What is freedom of religion?▪ You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion.11. What is the economic system in the United States?*▪ capitalist economy▪ market economy12. What is the “rule of law”?▪ Everyone must follow the law.▪ Leaders must obey the law.▪ Government must obey the law.▪ No one is above the law.B: System of Government13. Name one branch or part of the government.*▪ Congress▪ legislative▪ President▪ executive▪ the courts▪ judicial14. What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful?▪ checks and balances▪ separation of powers15. Who is in charge of the executive branch?▪ the President16. Who makes federal laws?▪ Congress▪ Senate and House (of Representatives)▪ (U.S. or national) legislature17. W hat are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?*▪ the Senate and House (of Representatives)18. How many U.S. Senators are there?▪ one hundred (100)19. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years?▪ six (6)20. Who is one of your state’s U.S. Senators now?*▪ A nswers will vary. [District of Columbia residents and residents of U.S. territories should answer that D.C.(or the territory where the applicant lives) has no U.S. Senators.]21. The House of Representatives has how many voting members?▪ four hundred thirty-five (435)22. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years?▪ two (2)23. Name your U.S. Representative.▪ A nswers will vary. [Residents of territories with nonvoting Delegates or Resident Commissioners mayprovide the name of that Delegate or Commissioner. Also acceptable is any statement that the territory has no (voting) Representatives in Congress.]24. Who does a U.S. Senator represent?▪ all people of the state25. Why do some states have more Representatives than other states?▪ (because of) the state’s population▪ (because) they have more people▪ (because) some states have more people26. We elect a President for how many years?▪ four (4)27. In what month do we vote for President?*▪ November28. What is the name of the President of the United States now?*▪ Barack Obama▪ Obama29. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?▪ Joseph R. Biden, Jr.▪ Joe Biden▪ Biden30. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President?▪ the Vice President31. If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President?▪ the Speaker of the House32. Who is the Commander in Chief of the military?▪ the President33. Who signs bills to become laws?▪ the President34. Who vetoes bills?▪ the President35. What does the President’s Cabinet do?▪ advises the President36. What are two Cabinet-level positions?▪ Secretary of Agriculture▪ Secretary of Commerce▪ Secretary of Defense▪ Secretary of Education▪ Secretary of Energy▪ Secretary of Health and Human Services▪ Secretary of Homeland Security▪ Secretary of Housing and Urban Development▪ Secretary of the Interior▪ Secretary of Labor▪ Secretary of State▪ Secretary of Transportation▪ Secretary of the Treasury▪ Secretary of Veterans Affairs▪ Attorney General▪ Vice President37. What does the judicial branch do?▪ reviews laws▪ explains laws▪ resolves disputes (disagreements)▪ decides if a law goes against the Constitution38. What is the highest court in the United States?▪ the Supreme Court39. How many justices are on the Supreme Court?▪ nine (9)40. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now?▪ John Roberts (John G. Roberts, Jr.)41. U nder our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federalgovernment?▪ to print money▪ to declare war▪ to create an army▪ to make treaties42. U nder our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states?▪ provide schooling and education▪ provide protection (police)▪ provide safety (fire departments)▪ give a driver’s license▪ approve zoning and land use43. Who is the Governor of your state now?▪ A nswers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. does not have a Governor.]44. What is the capital of your state?*▪ A nswers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. is not a state and does not have acapital. Residents of U.S. territories should name the capital of the territory.]45. What are the two major political parties in the United States?*▪ Democratic and Republican46. What is the political party of the President now?▪ Democratic (Party)47. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?▪ (John) BoehnerC: Rights and Responsibilities48. There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.▪ Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote).▪ You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote.▪ Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.)▪ A male citizen of any race (can vote).49. What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens?*▪ serve on a jury▪ vote in a federal election50. Name one right only for United States citizens.▪ vote in a federal election▪ run for federal office51. What are two rights of everyone living in the United States?▪ freedom of expression▪ freedom of speech▪ freedom of assembly▪ freedom to petition the government▪ freedom of worship▪ the right to bear arms52. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance?▪ the United States▪ the flag53. What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen?▪ give up loyalty to other countries▪ defend the Constitution and laws of the United States▪ obey the laws of the United States▪ serve in the U.S. military (if needed)▪ serve (do important work for) the nation (if needed)▪ be loyal to the United States54. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President?*▪ eighteen (18) and older55. What are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy?▪ vote▪ join a political party▪ help with a campaign▪ join a civic group▪ join a community group▪ give an elected official your opinion on an issue▪ call Senators and Representatives▪ publicly support or oppose an issue or policy▪ run for office▪ write to a newspaper56. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms?*▪ April 1557. When must all men register for the Selective Service?▪ at age eighteen (18)▪ between eighteen (18) and twenty-six (26)AMERICAN HISTORYA: Colonial Period and Independence58. What is one reason colonists came to America?▪ freedom▪ political liberty▪ religious freedom▪ economic opportunity▪ practice their religion▪ escape persecution59. Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived?▪ American Indians▪ Native Americans60. What group of people was taken to America and sold as slaves?▪ Africans▪ people from Africa61. Why did the colonists fight the British?▪ because of high taxes (taxation without representation)▪ because the British army stayed in their houses (boarding, quartering)▪ because they didn’t have self-government62. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?▪ (Thomas) Jefferson63. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?▪ July 4, 177664. There were 13 original states. Name three.▪ New Hampshire▪ Massachusetts▪ Rhode Island▪ Connecticut▪ New York▪ New Jersey▪ Pennsylvania▪ Delaware▪ Maryland▪ Virginia▪ North Carolina▪ South Carolina▪ Georgia65. What happened at the Constitutional Convention?▪ The Constitution was written.▪ The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution.66. When was the Constitution written?▪ 178767. The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.▪ (James) Madison▪ (Alexander) Hamilton▪ (John) Jay▪ Publius68. What is one thing Benjamin Franklin is famous for?▪ U.S. diplomat▪ oldest member of the Constitutional Convention▪ first Postmaster General of the United States▪ writer of “Poor Richard’s Almanac”▪ started the first free libraries69. Who is the “Father of Our Country”?▪ (George) Washington70. Who was the first President?*▪ (George) WashingtonB: 1800s71. What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803?▪ the Louisiana Territory▪ Louisiana72. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s.▪ War of 1812▪ Mexican-American War▪ Civil War▪ Spanish-American War73. Name the U.S. war between the North and the South.▪ the Civil War▪ the War between the States74. Name one problem that led to the Civil War.▪ slavery▪ economic reasons▪ states’ rights75. What was one important thing that Abraham Lincoln did?*▪ freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation)▪ saved (or preserved) the Union▪ led the United States during the Civil War76. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?▪ freed the slaves▪ freed slaves in the Confederacy▪ freed slaves in the Confederate states▪ freed slaves in most Southern states77. What did Susan B. Anthony do?▪ fought for women’s rights▪ fought for civil rightsC: Recent American History and Other Important Historical Information78. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.*▪ World War I▪ World War II▪ Korean War▪ Vietnam War▪ (Persian) Gulf War79. Who was President during World War I?▪ (Woodrow) Wilson80. Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II?▪ (Franklin) Roosevelt81. Who did the United States fight in World War II?▪ Japan, Germany, and Italy82. Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was he in?▪ World War II83. During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United States?▪ Communism84. What movement tried to end racial discrimination?▪ civil rights (movement)85. What did Martin Luther King, Jr. do?*▪ fought for civil rights▪ worked for equality for all Americans86. What major event happened on September 11, 2001, in the United States?▪ Terrorists attacked the United States.87. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States.[USCIS Officers will be supplied with a list of federally recognized American Indian tribes.]▪ Cherokee▪ Navajo▪ Sioux▪ Chippewa▪ Choctaw▪ Pueblo▪ Apache▪ Iroquois▪ Creek▪ Blackfeet▪ Seminole▪ Cheyenne▪ Arawak▪ Shawnee▪ Mohegan▪ Huron▪ Oneida▪ Lakota▪ Crow▪ Teton▪ Hopi▪ InuitINTEGRATED CIVICSA: Geography88. Name one of the two longest rivers in the United States.▪ Missouri (River)▪ Mississippi (River)89. What ocean is on the West Coast of the United States?▪ Pacific (Ocean)90. What ocean is on the East Coast of the United States?▪ Atlantic (Ocean)91. Name one U.S. territory.▪ Puerto Rico▪ U.S. Virgin Islands▪ American Samoa▪ Northern Mariana Islands▪ Guam92. Name one state that borders Canada.▪ Maine▪ New Hampshire▪ Vermont▪ New York▪ Pennsylvania▪ Ohio▪ Michigan▪ Minnesota▪ North Dakota▪ Montana▪ Idaho▪ Washington▪ Alaska93. Name one state that borders Mexico.▪ California▪ Arizona▪ New Mexico▪ Texas94. What is the capital of the United States?*▪ Washington, D.C.95. Where is the Statue of Liberty?*▪ New York (Harbor)▪ Liberty Island[Also acceptable are New Jersey, near New York City, and on the Hudson (River).]B: Symbols96. Why does the flag have 13 stripes?▪ because there were 13 original colonies▪ because the stripes represent the original colonies97. Why does the flag have 50 stars?*▪ because there is one star for each state▪ because each star represents a state▪ because there are 50 states-11-* I f you are 65 years old or older and have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the questions that have been marked with an 98. What is the name of the national anthem?▪ The Star-Spangled BannerC: Holidays99. When do we celebrate Independence Day?*▪ July 4100.Name two national U.S. holidays.▪ New Year’s Day▪ Martin Luther King, Jr. Day▪ Presidents’ Day▪ Memorial Day▪ Independence Day▪ Labor Day▪ Columbus Day▪ Veterans Day▪ Thanksgiving ▪ Christmas。
美国学子眼中的美国宪法
美国学子眼中的美国宪法——Lilian Rogers《美利坚合众国宪法》是美国最重要的历史性文件，它奠定了美国政治制度与法律制度的基础。
1787年5月，美国十三州的代表齐聚费城召开制宪会议，并于9月17日通过《美利坚合众国宪法》，此后不久，《美利坚合众国宪法》即被当时美国十三州的特别会议所批准。
历经数年多达27次修正，《美利坚合众国宪法》增加了首十条宪法修正案，亦即所谓《权利法案》。
1775年至1783年是美国独立战争时期。
英国政府针的掠夺性税收以及英国政府刻意为之的”放任政策”使北美移民的自由民主意识日益觉醒。
英王希望将北美殖民地作为英国永续的廉价原料供应地以及税收来源，这就意味着英属北美殖民地独立政治权力的丧失——北美移民不可能拥有自己的议会以及相应的代表权。
独立战争结束后，各州的代表参加的制宪会议草拟了《邦联条例》。
该条例经各州批准后于1781年3月生效，是美国也是世界上第一部成文宪法。
但是，《邦联条例》最大的问题在于无法有效凝聚各州力量，尤其是在英国当局治下的中央政府只能谨慎而有限地行使权力，对于各州税权也无法进行统一管理。
如何寻求美国国家权力和各州权力之间的平衡，这是美国建国之父们所重视的一个问题。
《联邦条例》旨在建立一个强有力、同时权力受到制衡的中央政府，在这一点上来看，《联邦条例》具有一定程度的妥协性。
美国宪法规定实行联邦制，立法权、行政权、司法权三权分立——立法权属于美国国会，行政权隶属于美国总统，司法权属于美国联邦最高法院的——由此可以看出，美国宪法体现着分权制衡的组织架构原则。
立法、行政、司法三权平等，且互相制衡。
每种权力都有限制另外两种权力滥用的职能。
美国国会通过法律并由行政部门执行，在此过程中，司法系统对其执行情况进行审查监督。
美国宪法规定，合众国国会由参议院和众议院组成。
合众国参议院由每州州议会选出两名参议员组成。
此外，美国宪法还规定，美国总统必须由出生于合众国的公民或在本宪法通过时已为合众国公民担任。
美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍
美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍篇一：美国政治制度的英语作文The United State political systemAs far as I am concerned, I believe that the Constitutional federal republish of The United State is democratic. The United State federal system pursues the principe of “Checks and Balan ces”. The American constitution required that the state authority consisted of legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch , which was parallel to others and restricted others. The Congress consists of the House and the Senate. Each state has two senators despite the population, which ensures that the small states have an equal power in one of the houses of Congress. The House of Representatives are elected according to the proportion of the population states. The main duty of the Congress is to make laws. Only when the House and the Senate vote and pass the bill and then send it to the president for his signature, can it become a law. The chief executive of the United State is the president.He is head of government, commander–in–chief of the armed forces and chief of state. The president is elected by the citizens and he has to be responsible for them. The president can veto the law that the Congressproposes. However,Congress can enact the law despite the president’s views only if two thirds of the members of both houses vote in favour of it. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court. The judges are appointed by the president. The judges can have lifelong tenure if they do not commit a crime.In my opinion, I think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the United State are democratic. Thomas Jefferson ever said“As far as I understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. The American system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.However, the American system has also existed disadvantages. I think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in American society. A 18‐year‐old black youth named Michael Brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in Missouri, America on August 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. When the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on November 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in America. This issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. Unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.Different from the America, China carried out the system of people’s congress, which fits our country’s situation. In political parties, America has two‐party system but China insists an single‐party system. I think that Chinese system has high efficiency in a short time but has poor long‐term stability, because of lacking power supervision. Instead, American system has low efficiency in short‐term but has high efficiency for a long time. Therefore, we can not say the Chinese system is superior to American system, because they both fit their own country’s situation and have positive impact on the economical development. However,the officials looting has become a more and more serious problem in our country. The officials’duties are serving to the people and doing something beneficial to the public. Butthey failed in their responsibility and looted,which may cause the public feel disappointed to the government. Although the government has taken effective measures to suppress the corruption,officials looting remains a serious problem in our country. So,I think that our government should perfect the power supervision system constantly and prevent the officials from looting. Only by doing this, our country may become better and better.篇二：美国政治制度英文the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, th e supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. which caused large‐scale demonstrations and developed theviolent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.一、英国政治体制的模式及特点英国的政治制度是典型的君主立宪制，其主要特点是“议会至上”、以内阁为权力核心、君主虚位、政党组织严密。