1--句子成分划分
句法1——句子成分和句子分类
4. S+V+IO+DO 主+谓+间宾+直宾 (双宾语） e.g: She gave me a pen. I’ll find you a good chance as long as you don’t lose heart . Will you sing us a song ? 5. S+V+O+OC 主+谓+宾+宾补 e.g: They elected him president / monitor /chairman / captain . I always keep the keys in my pocket . Don’t get the class饰限定名词或代词，说明该名词或代词的状态、品 质、数量等 The little boy needs a blue pen. Two boys need two pens. His name is Tom. There are more than 100 women teachers in our school. Who is the man shaking hands with Mr. Smith ? This is the bridge built last year . There is nothing that worries him . He is reading an article about how to learn English . A noise outside made him turn around . Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom .
强调：系动词的分类 ①变化类: become, get, turn, grow, come, go, fall ②感官类: look, sound, feel, taste, smell ③“显得”类:seem, appear, look ④状态类: be , keep, stay, remain, lie, sit, stand, continue ⑤prove , turn out 系动词无被动语态、无进行时态。
高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)
Grammar of Unit 1Different parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。
其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。
▲句子成分分类1．主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如：讲述“谁”We work in a big factory.讲述“什么”The classroom is very big.数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.▲在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。
如：There are some bottles of milk in the box.▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。
如：It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.It took two workers about three months to build the house.2．谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
如：He is very generous. She looks very smart and coolWe have finished the job. He can speak German.3．表语表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。
句子成分与复句层次
单句---句子成分１、主语主语是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。
例如：(1)中国人民志气高。
(2)提高整个中华民族的科学文化水平是亿万人民群众的切身事业。
２、谓语谓语是陈述主语的,说明主语“是什么”或怎么样“。
例如：(1)满天乌云顿时消散了。
(2)树叶黄了。
(3)小王今年十六岁。
(4)鲁迅是中国现代文学的奠基人。
(5)明天星期日。
(6)什么书他都看。
３、宾语宾语在动语后面，表示动作、行为涉及的人或事物，回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。
例如：(1)什么叫信息？(2)门口围着一群看热闹的。
(3)马克思认为知识是进行斗争和为无产阶级解放事业服务的手段。
４、定语定语是名词前面的连带成分，用来修饰名词,表示人或事物性质、状态、数量、所属等。
例如：(1)那（沉甸甸）的稻谷，象一垄垄（全黄）的珍珠。
(2)（三杯）美酒敬亲人。
(3)雪野中有（血红）的宝珠山茶，（白中隐青）的（单瓣）梅花。
(4)（中国）的历史有（自己）的特点。
５、状语状语是动词或形容词前面的连带成分，用来修饰、限制动词或形容词，表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等。
例如：(1)他[已经]走了。
(2)咱们[北京]见。
(3)歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆中。
(4)科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权。
副词、形容词经常作状语，表时间、处所的名词经常作状语，一般名词不作状语。
动词中除助动词外，一般动词很少作状语，介词短语常作状语。
一般状语紧连在中心语的前边，但表时间、处所、目的的名词或介词短语作状语时，可以放在主语的前边，如，[在杭州]我们游览了西湖胜景。
６．补语补语是动词或形容词后面的连带成分，一般用来补充说明动作、行为的情况、结果、程度、趋向、时间、处所、数量、性状等。
例如：(1)广大人民干得〈热火朝天〉。
(2)他写的字比原来不是好〈一点〉，而是好得〈多〉。
(3)他生〈于1918年〉。
(4)他坐〈在桌子旁〉。
(5)颜色是那么浓，浓得〈好象要流下来似的〉。
句子的成分[1]
![句子的成分[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/66ca5b5377232f60ddcca1a3.png)
<补语 补语> 补语
三、句子的种类
句子分类的标准不同，种类 句子分类的标准不同 种类 也不同，常见的分类标准有两种： 也不同，常见的分类标准有两种： 一是按用途和语气分， 一是按用途和语气分，二是按结 构分。 构分。
（一）按用途和语气分
1、陈述句 、 例如： 例如：（1）我是一名共青团员。 ）我是一名共青团员。 （2）这不是普通的自行车。 ）这不是普通的自行车。 2、疑问句 、 例如：（ ：（1）这个人是谁？ 例如：（ ）这个人是谁？ （2）你有没有拿我的书？ ）你有没有拿我的书？ 3、祈使句：表示命令、请求、催促、劝阻等。 、祈使句：表示命令、请求、催促、劝阻等。 例如：（ ：（1）快把烟扔掉！ 例如：（ ）快把烟扔掉！ （2）时间不早了，快走吧！ ）时间不早了，快走吧！ 4、感叹句 、 例如：（ ：（1）多漂亮的花！ 例如：（ ）多漂亮的花！
举例： 举例
颜色 鲜艳的颜色 喜欢鲜艳的颜色 我喜欢鲜艳的颜色 我越来越喜欢鲜艳的颜色 随着年龄的增长，我越来越喜欢鲜艳的颜色。 随着年龄的增长，我越来越喜欢鲜艳的颜色。
二、句子成分常见的位置及表示符号： 句子成分常见的位置及表示符号：
（定语 主语【状语】 谓语 （定语 宾语 定语） 状语】 定语） 定语 定语
四、练习：判断下列句子是单句还是复句，单句请划 练习：判断下列句子是单句还是复句， 分句子成分，复句请划分句子层次,判断复句类型 判断复句类型。 分句子成分，复句请划分句子层次 判断复句类型。
8、（赵州桥）（高度的）技术水平和（不 、 赵州桥）（高度的）技术水平和（ ）（高度的 朽的）（艺术）价值， 充分】 ）（艺术 朽的）（艺术）价值，【充分】显示了 我国）（劳动人民的）智慧和力量。 ）（劳动人民的 （我国）（劳动人民的）智慧和力量。 9、【在这肆虐无常的南极巨人面前】，谁 、 在这肆虐无常的南极巨人面前】 能保证我们不重演斯科特全军覆灭的悲剧呢？ 能保证我们不重演斯科特全军覆灭的悲剧呢？ 10、我们有这个信心：人民的力量是要胜 、我们有这个信心： 利的，真理是永远存在的。 利的，真理是永远存在的。
句子成分划分口诀
句子成分划分口诀一、主语在一句话中，主语往往是句子的核心，表示动作的执行者或者是状态的拥有者。
主语可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式等等。
主语的特征： - 在句子中能够回答“谁”的问题。
- 一般位于句首，也可以位于谓语动词后。
主语的划分： - 简单主语：由一个名词、代词、数词、动名词或不定式等充当主语。
- 复合主语：由两个或以上的名词、代词、数词、动名词或不定式等并列充当主语。
二、谓语谓语是句子的动作或状态的核心，用来描述主语所做的动作或者所处的状态。
谓语一般由动词或者动词短语构成。
谓语的特征： - 在句子中能够回答“做什么”的问题。
- 一般位于主语之后，与主语构成句子的核心成分。
谓语的划分： - 简单谓语：由一个动词构成的谓语。
- 复合谓语：由两个或以上的动词构成的谓语。
三、宾语宾语是句子中的动作的承受者或者受益者，用来说明动作的直接或间接对象。
宾语的特征： - 在句子中能够回答“做什么”的问题。
- 大多位于谓语动词之后。
宾语的划分： - 直接宾语：直接接受动作的名词、代词或者动词不定式等。
-间接宾语：间接接受动作的名词、代词或者动词不定式等。
四、定语定语是用来修饰名词或者代词的成分，用来描述名词或者代词的特征或者限定其范围。
定语的特征： - 可以是单个形容词、形容词短语或者从句等。
- 位于被修饰的名词或代词之前。
定语的划分： - 前置定语：位于被修饰词之前。
- 后置定语：位于被修饰词之后。
五、状语状语是对动作或状态进行补充说明的成分，用来表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度、条件等等。
状语的特征： - 在句子中能够回答“怎么样”、“在哪里”、“为什么”等问题。
- 可以是副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
状语的划分： - 时间状语：表示动作或者状态发生的时间。
- 地点状语：表示动作或者状态发生的地点。
- 方式状语：表示动作或者状态发生的方式。
- 原因状语：表示动作或者状态发生的原因。
句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构
句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构一、句子成分。
（一）主语。
1. 定义与作用。
- 主语是句子陈述的对象，表示句子所说的是“谁”或者“什么”。
它是句子的核心成分之一，决定了句子描述的主体。
例如在句子“Tom likes reading.”中，“Tom”就是主语，这个句子主要是在描述Tom的喜好。
2. 构成。
- 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词或从句等充当。
- 名词作主语很常见，如“Dogs are friendly animals.”中的“Dogs”。
- 代词作主语，例如“He is my friend.”中的“He”。
- 数词作主语，像“Three is a lucky number in some cultures.”中的“Three”。
- 动名词作主语，如“Running is good for health.”中的“Running”。
- 不定式作主语，“To learn English well takes time.”中的“To learn English well”。
- 名词化的形容词作主语，“The rich should help the poor.”中的“The rich”。
- 从句作主语，“What he said is very important.”中的“What he said”。
（二）谓语。
1. 定义与作用。
- 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
在句子中，谓语动词的形式要与主语的人称和数保持一致。
例如在“Mary sings beautifully.”中，“sings”就是谓语，它描述了Mary的动作。
2. 构成。
- 谓语一般由动词充当，包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词等。
- 实义动词可以独立作谓语，表示具体的动作，如“eat”“drink”“run”等。
例如“He eats an apple.”中的“eats”。
句子结构,句子成分,五种基本句型
英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。
句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分.1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词,数词或代词担任，一般放于句首.如：Students study. （学生学习）We are friends.（我们是朋友）这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。
2)谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
如：Students study. (学生学习.）We are friends。
(我们是朋友）这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。
3）宾语：表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如：They are teachers。
( 他们是老师。
）I play with him. (我和他一起玩。
）这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。
4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。
形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。
如：This is a red sun。
（这是个红太阳。
）He is a tall boy。
（他是个高个子男孩。
）这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词，它们作定语。
５)状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分.常由副词担任.修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。
如:The students study hard。
(这些学生学习努力。
)I often write to him. （我常给他写信.）The bag is too heavy。
语法复习1： 基础知识(句子成分与句子分类)
基础语法复习一（P1-10）（句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句）一、句子成分概述（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）成分导图概览：【例句】主语：Two thirds of the water is absorbed.谓语：1、简单谓语：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：You may keep the book for two weeks.【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。
如：We are students.表语：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）宾语：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语补足语：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）定语：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）状语：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）【巩固训练一】一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now2. The weather ____.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we7. He found the street much ______.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is9. The dog ____ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where二、句子的种类（一）句子的分类导图【例句】判断下列句子所属：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in classHow clever the boy is!He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型及用法简介：英语基本句型有五个：S＋V，S＋V＋Cs，S＋V＋O，S＋V＋Oi＋Od，S＋V＋Od＋Co，其共有特征是主谓结构(S＋V)。
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划分句子成分练习
(一). 指出下列句中主语
1 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词
1I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. Get
B. Longer
C. days
D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C.go
D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. Meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A.Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. Do
D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. You
D. is
8 He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
9 Whom did you give my book to?
A. Give
B. did
C. whom
D. book
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语
1My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语
1The old man was feeling very tired.
② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语
1They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
1She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
1There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
1Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
练习----划分成分: 主、谓、宾、补语、表。
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child ．
8. Trees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open.
10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
12.All the students think highly of his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one.
14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．。