初中英语句子成分和结构的划分详解1
英语中句子成分
● 1 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”一般由名词、代
词、不定式，动名词或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。
●We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～）我们在一中学习。 To teach
them English is my job. （不定式作主语）教他们英语是我的工作。
●注意不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型，因此左例可变为It is my job to teach
them English. （真正的主语是to teach them English.）
●练习：找出下列句子的主语。
●The car is running fast.(名词)
●We are students.(代词)
1.One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)
●To spit in public is bad manner.(不定式)
●Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
2 谓语说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。
●His Parents are doctors. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）他的父母亲是医生。
●She looks well.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）她看起来气色（面色）很好。
● We study hard.（实义动词作谓语）我们努力学习。
●We have finished reading the book. （助动词和实义动词一起作谓语）我们已
经看完了这本书。
●He can speak English. （情态动词和实义动词作谓语）他会说英语
●注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。.
●练习找出下列句子的谓语
●He works in a factory.(实义动词)
●I felt cold.(系动词＋表语)
●How can I get to the station？(情态动词＋实义动词)
●Do you speak English？(助动词＋实义动词)
●They are working in a field.(助动词＋实义动词)
3 表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。
●You look younger than before.（形容词作表语）你看起来比以前年轻。
●I am a teacher.（名词作表语）我是个老师。
● Everybody is here.（副词作表语）所有的人都出席了。
●They are at home now.（介词短语作表语）他们现在在家。
●My job is to teach them English.（不定式作表语）我的工作是教他们英语。
●练习找出下列句子的表语
●They are workers.(名词)
●Two and three is five.(数词)
●The story is very interesting.(形容词)
●M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)
●She is at home.(介词短语)
●I feel terrible.(形容词)
●The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。
●She is playing the piano now.（名词作宾语）她正在弹钢琴。
●He often helps me.（代词作宾语）他常常帮助我。
●He likes to sleep in the open air.（不定式作宾语）他喜欢在露天睡觉。
● We enjoy living in China.（动名词作宾语）我们高兴住在中国。
●【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。
●这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。
●如： He bought me a book.
●Pass me the ball，will you？(间宾＋直宾)
●直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适
当的介词如to或 for等。
●如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾＋间宾)
●Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾＋间宾)
●②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。
●这类动词有：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，care等。
●如：I hope to see you again.
●③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，
practise，miss，suggest，keep(on)等。
●如：Do you mind my opening the window？
●④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
●a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。
●如：Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)
●I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)
●b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表
示“停止做某事”。
●如：I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)
●The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈
话。)
练习找出下面句子的宾语
●He is doing his homework.(名词)
●They did nothing this morning.(代词)
●She wants to go home.(不定式)
●We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
定语
●定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。
一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。
●The black bike is mine. 主语部分(形容词作定语) 这辆黑色的自行车是我的.
●What is your name? 表语(代词作定语) 你叫什么名字?
●They made paper flowers. 宾语(名词作定语) 他们生产纸花。 The boys in the
room are in Class Three Grade One. (介词短语作定语) 这间屋子里的男孩们是一年级三班的.
● I have something to do.(不定式作定语) 我还有一些事去做.
练习找出下列句子中的定语
●His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。
●Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。
●The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。
●The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。
● I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。
● Can you find out the answer to the question？你能找到这个问题的答案吗？
●Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗？
● A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。
● A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。 The suggestion
sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。
●Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁
边的那个人吗？
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。（详见副词） He did it carefully.（副词作状语）他仔细、认真地做这项工作。
●(1) 时间状语
●I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。
●Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。 Go
along this street until you reach the end. 沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。
● (2) 地点状语
●Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。
●You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。
●(3) 程度状语
● I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的工作要做。
●(4) 目的状语
●We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday.
●这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。
● He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.
●他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。
●She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.
●她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车
● (5) 方式状语
●We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。
● Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做。
●(6) 让步状语
● Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。
●No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. 无论发生什么，我将决不失去
信心。
●(7) 条件状语
● If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.
●假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。
● Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. 如果给予更多的
关心的话，这些花将长得更好。
● (8) 比较状语
●Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的手表与我的不一样。
●Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. 迈克不及杰克高。
●(9) 原因状语
●We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们
没有去公园。
● I’m glad to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。
●Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 由于病了，他没有去上学。
● (10) 结果状语
●The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风是如此地猛烈，
以致于我们寸步难行。
● He left early, so that he caught the train. 他早早地离去，(结果) 因此赶上了
火车。
●(11) 伴随状语
●The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 这位医生匆匆离去，
胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。
●The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 老
师进到教室里来，后面跟着一群学生。
状语的位置
● 1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。 We like our school very much.
● 2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首. I usually get up at six, but this morning I
got up at eight.
● 3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never, 用于
行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后 I usually get up early. He is often late.
●一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really,
suddenly, certainly等用法相似
●sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末
● only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.
● The actor only sang a song. Only the actor sang a song. The actor sang only
one song.
●两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序 1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后.
●We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.
● 2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大 Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou,
Jiangsu.
● 3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地
点副词, 时间副词
●She sang very well at the meeting last night.
●时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯
●Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in
the evening.
练习找出下列句子中的状语
●Thank you very much.(副词)
●I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)
● He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)
●We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)
●【注意】
●enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。
●如： He is old enough to go to school.
宾语补足语宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。
● 1. 形容词作宾语补足语 The sun keeps us warm. 2. 介词短语作宾语补足语: ● I found her in the room.
● 3. 副词作宾语补足语。
●Please let him in.
● 4. 名词作宾语补足语。
●We made him monitor of the class.
● 5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。
● I asked him to come
●注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后
跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等)，使役动词(如 let, have, make 等)，动词不定式不带 to。
●如：Tom found the climb quite easy. 汤姆觉得爬山很容易。
●Don’t be so formal. Call me Jim. 不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。
●I’m finished. Let’s go now. 我已干完，咱们走吧。
●You must keep it clean. 你要把它保持干净。
●I have the car waiting. 我让汽车等着。
●We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。
●Why don’t you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发?
●He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。
●I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。
●I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。
●She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。
●He made me repeat the story. 他要我把那事重讲一遍。
●Rain makes plants grow. 雨水使植物生长。
练习找出下列句子中的宾语补足语
●We elected him monitor.(名词)
●I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词) The doctor told me to do
more exercise.(不定式短语)
●He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词) They saw a bird flying in the
sky.(现在分词)
划分句子成分练习题
1.They are working on the farm now.
2.Seeing is believing
3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much
4.She became a doctor in 1998
5.The book lying on the floor are mine
6.Suddenly it begins to rain
7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday
8.I always find her happy
9.He wonders If I still study English 10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine 11.We always work hard at English. 12.He said he didn't come. 13.They love each other. 14.What did you bye? 15.She watched her daughter playing the piano. 16.your job today is to help the old. 17.Speaking doesn't mean doing. 18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left. 19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 20.It takes me an hour to get there.
答案： 1They(主语） are working（系表结构做谓语） on the farm（地点状语） now （时间状语）. 2.Seeing（动词ing做主语）is（谓语） believing （宾语） 3.All of us（主语） like （谓语）Kobe Bryant （宾语）very much （程度副词状语） 4.She（主语） became（谓语） a doctor （宾语）in 1998 （时间状语） 5.The book（主语） lying on the floor（补语） are（谓语） mine （宾语） 6.Suddenly （状语）it（形式主语）began to rain （谓语） 7.To catch the train ,（目的状语）I（主语） got up （谓语）early yesterday （时间状语） 8.I（主语） always find（谓语） her （宾语）happy （状语） 9.He （主语）wonders （谓语）if I （条件句中的主语）still study（条件句中的谓语） English （条件句中的宾语）整个条件句做主干的宾语 10.The letter（主语）which I received the day before yesterday（定语从句） was（谓语） a friend of mine （宾语）
初中英语句子成分详解
英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 （一）、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候，首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”？或者是一件“什么事”？或者是一件“什么物体”，等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分，它可能是一个词，也可能是一个词组，还有可能是一个从句，甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以，英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. （名词作主语） 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式短语作主语） 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. （从句作主语） 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. （二）、谓语
初中英语句子成分和结构的划分详解
及结构的划分
句子成分 ? 1.汉语的句子成分 ?1．什么是句子 ?句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。 ? 2.什么是句子成分？ ?组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
?汉语中句子成分的名称及符号 ?名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 ?符号：主语=谓语－宾语～ ?定语（）状语[ ]补语< > ?句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。 ?补充成分是：定语、状语、补语。 ?英语中的句子成分 英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 句子主体部分：主语和谓语（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。 表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。 句子的次要部分：定语和状语。
句子成分的划分（汉语） ?.（1）划分句子成分，首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 ?主语：是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。?谓语：是陈述主语，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。?宾语：在动词后面，表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物，回答“谁” 或“什么”一类问题。 ?句子一般有两种情况：写人、写物（写事、写物）。分析句子时，首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。 ?①．写人格式：“谁”＋“干什么” ?（主语）（谓语）（宾语） ?例：杨亚‖写字 ?主谓宾 ?注意：处理复杂的单句时，要抓主干。 ?例：一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。 ?主谓宾 ?
初中英语句子结构分析
初中英语句子结构 模块一：句子结构 【重点】 一、词性的概念： 英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。共有十类：名词、动词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词,"名"就是名称---人或事物的名称.具体的人或物体的名称:人名---Mike, Li Ming;地名—America, China动物名---pig, dog;植物名---tree, wheat。抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意), victory(胜利), knowledge(知识). 2、代词，何谓“代”？即是替代的意思，主要是来替代名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近的，或者说代词的实质就是名词，正是这种血液关系，绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。代词，从英语词汇的整体来看数量并不多。 3、动词,"动"就是动作--人的五官动作: walk, jump, swim;人的大脑动作(心理活动): think, imagine。也有些动词是表示静止的，如：am，is，are。 4、形容词，我们在谈论人或物时，常说：“你描述一下是什么样子。”你就要用上：tall （高的），short矮的），black（黑的），white（白的）这些词往往是修饰名词，它们就是形容词。 5、副词，说人行走得快慢，讲话清楚，在英语里就要用quickly（快地），slowly（慢地），clearly（清楚地）这些词往往来修饰动词。它们就是副词。副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的，所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法，但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词，可能是形容词，不过只有少量的单词（常见的有likely，friendly lovely，lonely，weekly，monthly，yearly）,这几个单词需要加强记忆，也不就是几个单词特殊嘛，不过
(完整)初二初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的 。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy 等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词 间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。
初中英语划分句子成分习题(含答案)
11. We always work hard at English. 主语状语谓语状语状语 12. He said he didn't come. 主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语 13. They love each other. 主谓语宾语 14. What did you buy? 宾助动词主谓 15. She watched her daughter playing the piano. 主语谓语宾语宾语补足语 16. Your job today is to help the old. 主语定语系动词表语 17. Speaking doesn't mean doing. 主语谓语宾语 18. Bye the time I got to the station, the train had left. 时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语 19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语20. It takes me an hour to get there.
形式主语谓语宾语真正主语 划分句子成分练习题(2) (一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. A B C D ② People all over the world speak English. A B C D ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D ④ How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D
初中英语五种基本句型结构(1)
初中---五种基本句型 中考对五种基本句型的考查主要集中在以下几方面： 1. 掌握五种基本句型的基本用法。 2. 掌握五种基本句型在用法上的区别。 中考考查这部分内容时的题型和大体分值为： 单选（1分） 写句子（1分） 写作（1-2分） 阅读理解（1-2分） 一、知识精讲 五种基本句型是句子最基本的组成部分。掌握了这五种基本句型，在阅读中当我们遇到较复杂的句子时，运用这些基本句型，对句子的分析就会变得容易多了。在写作中，首先要能运用好这些基本句型，才能得到高分。 （一）五种基本句型的句子成分： 1. 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 2. 主语（subject）：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 【例句】 We often speak English in class. 我们在课上经常说英语。 Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。 The rich should help the poor. 富有的人应该帮助贫困的人。 3. 谓语（verb）：谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。 【例句】 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 We like helping the people in trouble 我们喜欢帮助那些处于困境中的人。
初中句子成分分析
句子成分分析 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语： 是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 如： The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) 若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语： 说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语： 是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：
He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) 【注意】 ①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如： He bought me a book. Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) ②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，care等。如： I hope to see you again. ③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind（介意），practise，miss，suggest，keep(on)等。如： Do you mind my opening the window? ④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。 forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如：Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来) I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了) 4.定语： 用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
初中英语句子成分分析-T
初中英语句子成份 英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。 The deceased died of old age. 死者死于年老。 副词用作主语。如：Now is the time. 现在是时候了 从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。 句子用作主语。如：”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。 二．谓语【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 .2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： 由单一动词作谓语：We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词：We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如： (1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水（had a swim 代替了swam） (2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个！（take a look 代替了look） (3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。（gave a sigh 代替了sighed） (4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。（a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分，彻底的)） 3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如： They are workers.(名词) Two and three is five.(数词) The story is very interesting.(形容词) M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词)
初中英语句子结构与成分题20套(带答案)及解析
初中英语句子结构与成分题20套(带答案)及解析 一、句子结构与成分 1．What is your new speech on, Mr. Smith?（选出宾语） A. What B. your new speech C. on D. Mr. Smith 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：你的演讲是关于什么，史密斯先生？on 介词后面跟宾语，特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语，故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分，选出正确答案。2．Which of the following sentences is correct? A. He came in and sat down. B. We all like
初中英语句子成分讲解
初中英语句子成分讲解 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse、（名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day、（代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health、（动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure、（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided、（主语从句作主语） （二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers、（系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard、（行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book、（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English、（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）
（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。S he is doing her homework now、（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill、（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him、（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball、（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music、我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story、（2）The sun gives us light、间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：
(完整版)初中英语句子成分分析与讲解
初中英语句子成分分析与讲解 英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前 The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象问什么谁。如： He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如： He bought me a book. Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) 4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
(完整版)初中英语----划分句子成分专题练习
划分句子成分专题练习 1.They are working on the farm now. 2.Seeing is believing 3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much 4.She became a doctor in 1998 5.The book lying on the floor are mine 6.Suddenly it begins to rain 7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday 8.I always find her happy 9.He wonders If I still study English 10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine 11.We always work hard at English. 12.He said he didn't come. 13.They love each other. 14.What did you bye? 15.She watched her daughter playing the piano. 16.your job today is to help the old. 17.Speaking doesn't mean doing. 18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left. 19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 20.It takes me an hour to get there.
初中英语句子结构
初中英语句子结构分析 简单句的五个基本句型 主语＋不及物动词 主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. 主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy． 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book． She bought a book for me. 主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. （There +be There lies a book on the desk. ） 1. 基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖi （主＋不及物动词） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。 不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构， 如：1. We │come. 2. The sun│rose. 3 She came． 4 My head aches. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 2. 基本句型二：Ｓ+ Ｖ系+ Ｐ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 如：1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │is growing │tall and strong. 系动词主要是起到连系主语和表语的作用。 可分四类：1. 表“是” 如：be“是”(am, is, are, was, were) 2.表“感觉” 如：look看起来feel感到，sound听起来，smell闻起来，seem似乎 3. 表“变” 如：get变得, turn变得, grow变得，go变得, come变得, become成为 4. 表“保持” 如：keep保持, stay保持 常用连系动词的用法： ①变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn
划分句子成分划分英语句子成分经典练习(适合初中、高中各年级)
划分句子成分经典练习 练习1.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 2）The old man was feeling very tired. 3）His job is to train swimmers. 4）Where he was buried remained unknown. 5）What he said proved true. 6）We must keep quiet. 7）The shop stayed open until eleven. 8）She appeared younger than she really was. 9）His face went red. 10）He fell ill last week. 11）The cake I ate yesterday tastes delicious. 从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，___、___、___、___、___、 ___、____、____等，它们下面一般跟____词作表语。 练习2.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。 1）It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree.2）It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 3）It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4）The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
初中英语语法整理：句子成分知识分析
初中英语语法整理：句子成分知识分析【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当? 【答】 .主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：Thecarisrunningfast. wearestudents. oneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai. It'sbadmannerstospitinpublic. Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth. 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句后。 2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： Heworksinafactory.
Ifeltcold. HowcanIgettothestation? DoyouspeakEnglish? Theyareworkinginafield. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如： Heisdoinghishomework. Theydidnothingthismorning. Shewantstogohome. weenjoyplayingfootball. 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如： Heboughtmeabook. Passmetheball，willyou? 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如：HanchenlentsomemoneytoLiHai. XiaoLiuboughtadictionaryforTom. ②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，
初二划分句子成分
划分句子成分练习题(2) (一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩ Whom did you give my` book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. A B C D ② People all over the world speak English. A B C D ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D ④ How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D ⑦ They made him monitor of the class. A B C D ⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C ⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. A B C D (四) 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D ② Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D ③ The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B C D ⑤ She was the first to learn about it. A B C D