Solar Decathlon China RULES 国际太阳能十项全能竞赛规则
中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛简介
10∣ 建设科技建设科技CONSTRUCTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 大赛概览2018年8月上总第365期Solar Decathlon China (SDC), after its successful inauguration in the City of Datong, Shanxi Province in 2013, comes to China again.This time the final competition will be held in August- October, 2018 in Dezhou,Shandong Province. Aiming for permanent usage, the competition requires teams to build a single-or two-story solar house with a finished area of 120m -200m , and will be competing in the following ten contests(Fig.1).China International Solar Decathlon required the teams to comply with the rules of the contest for the purpose of building a residence with integration of the new energy, green building, electric vehicles, energy storage, smart home, new materials, lifestyle, scientific research, education and talents, cleaning and heating and residential environment. Each team works to form a permanent zone, and show works to the public. The contest combines the guidance of the government and the innovation ability of college students to cultivate the public's green development and consumption concept so as to promote the green development of society(Fig.2).中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛简介Introduction of Solar Decathlon China中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛（简称SDC）继2013年首次在山西大同成功举办之后，SDC 将于2018年8～10月在山东省德州市举办。
十项全能
十项全能十项全能（decathlon）田径运动中全能运动项目的一种。
是由跑、跳、投等10个田径项目组成的综合性男子比赛项目。
田径全能运动曾经历过多次演变和不断增大难度的过程。
在公元前776年开始的古代奥林匹克运动会上，就举行过古代五项全能运动[1]。
1904年经修改内容，将男子五项全能列为现代奥运会的正式项目。
从1912年第五届奥运会开始，又列入由瑞典人首创的、分两天举行的男子十项全能的比赛项目。
1924年第八届奥运会取消男子五项全能，只保留男子十项全能的比赛，一直沿用至今。
现代男子十项全能比赛是1904年在美国圣路易斯城召开的第三届奥运动会上开设的。
当时十项全能的项目有；100码（91.44米）跑、推铅球、跳高、880码（804．60米）竞走、掷链球、撑杆跳、120码（118．87米）跨栏、跳远、掷壶铃和一英里（1609.31米）跑。
这仍与今天的项目有较大的区别，参加这一届比赛的选手有六名，其中五名为美国人，但唯一的外国选手英国的爱尔兰人托马斯·凯利却战胜了全部的美国选手，以6036分获得了金牌。
项目顺序参加十项全能比赛的运动员必须在两天内按顺序完成十项比赛。
第一天：100米跑、跳远、铅球、跳高、400米跑；第二天：110米跨栏、铁饼、撑竿跳高、标枪、1500米跑。
比赛成绩是按照国际田径联合会制定的专门田径运动全能评分表，将各个单项成绩所得的评分加起来计算的，总分多者为优胜[2]。
评分标准十项全能铅球十项全能选手的得分基于他们在每一项比赛中的表现，最后总成绩最高的人获胜。
因此运动员只有每项比赛都有上佳表现而不是偏重一项才能最终获得冠军[3]。
实际上，人们设计了复杂的计分系统以保证在一项比赛中占尽优势的运动员的得分不会高于在几项比赛中成绩都较好的运动员。
每一项比赛的得分都取决于该项目的评分标准，奥运会根据世界纪录制定出一个得分对应表格，由选手的成绩在表格中换算成分数，然后相加得出总分。
零能耗太阳能住宅建筑设计理念与技术策略_以太阳能十项全能竞赛为例
零能耗太阳能住宅建筑设计理念与技术策略——以太阳能十项全能竞赛为例杨向群 高辉近年来，太阳能住宅已经由最初的实验性零能耗建筑，向一体化设计、工业化建造以及市场化推广发展；关注的重点也由使用阶段节能，扩展到降低建筑生命周期的整体环境影响；而且日益重视其经济社会因素的优化。
历届“太阳能十项全能竞赛”(Solar Decathlon，以下简称SD竞赛)的参赛作品集中体现了独立式零能耗太阳能住宅的发展趋势。
该竞赛创办于2002年，由美国能源部主办，至今已在美国举办了4届。
竞赛每两年选拔约20所大学团队，分别设计、建造并运行一栋面积不超过74m2的太阳能住宅，并在华盛顿进行为期一周的现场建造与测试。
参赛建筑的所有运行能量完全由太阳能光电、光热装置供给。
最终名次通过对房屋性能进行客观指标测量和专家的主观评价来确定。
2010年6月S D欧洲竞赛(S D E2010)在马德里举行，从而将其推向一个更广阔的国际科研领域。
1 “太阳能十项全能”的设计理念S D竞赛的宗旨是促进和推广太阳能住宅设计和技术新成果、教育学生，以及提高公共意识。
其竞赛评审项目分为10项(图1)，经过不断调整，逐步形成了明确的设计理念：通过创新技术和综合可持续性设计策略，来应对零能耗太阳能住宅所面临的环境、社会和经济方面的挑战。
2 被动式太阳能建筑设计策略建造高效、经济的太阳能建筑，首先要充分利用被动式设计方法。
因此，S D竞赛非常重视生物气候学设计策略的应用。
参赛作品采用的典型被动式设计策略包括：2.1 形体布局：紧凑、合理与变化在以往5届参赛的85个太阳能住宅方案中，绝大多数(82个)采取了南北向的一字形或者其变体——L形布局(图2)。
尽管内部空间安排和流线组织各不相同，这类紧凑的建筑体形可以降低表面热损失，同时在工业化建造和运输便利性方面也具有很大优势。
近年的参赛作品开始尝试打破单调的方盒子形体。
如康奈尔大学(SD2009)提出了圆柱形模块组合方案。
考核内容
建设科技∣15大赛概览建设科技CONSTRUCTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY2018年8月上总第365期考核内容中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛从十个独立的评分项来考核赛队的参赛作品，其中有些评分项包含一个或多个子项。
赛队有三种得分方式：(1)裁判评审；(2)任务完成；(3)性能监测，其中基于任务完成或性能监测的评分项称为测量项；基于评审评价的评分项称为评审项。
对于评审项，陪审团将通过审查赛队的图纸、施工说明、视听演示、文本阐述以及其他相关提交物，并通过现场评估参赛作品来为每支参赛队伍评定一个整体得分。
对于测量项，参赛作品的室内环境和能耗表现将被实时监测和计分。
同时，赛队需完成一系列的日常家务或组织家庭聚会，竞赛将通过任务的“完成度”来打分。
定一个整体得分。
评审团在其评估中将考虑以下具体标准：(1)创新性；(2)功能性；(3)效率性；(4)可靠性；(5)文案。
4.宣传推广宣传推广项是为了确保每个赛队的宣传材料可以向公众介绍其项目。
由专业人士组成的评审团将通过考察以下几个具体标准对参赛作品的宣传推广成果评定一个整体得分：(1)宣传策略；(2)电子宣传(赛队网站和社交媒体)；(3)公众展示材料（现场标牌和传单)；(4)公共讲演；(5)视听展示。
5.创新能力由行业专业人士组成的评审团将从房屋概念、方法、研究、设计、实施和执行等方面的创新性着手，为赛队的创新能力评定一个整体得分。
SDC2018针对现今中国北方面临的重大环境问题，如(1)水资源短缺；(2)空气污染；(3)冬季供暖等寻求创新的解决方案。
同时也大力倡导其他创新理念和先进技术。
6.舒适程度为了营造一个健康舒适的室内环境，赛队需在计分期间保持(1)室内温度在22℃至25℃之间；(2)相对湿度小于60%；(3)CO 2浓度小于1000ppm；(4）PM2.5浓度小于35µg/m 3。
未能达到相应参数要求的将按线性比例打分。
道康宁赞助太阳能十项全能竞赛 为中国代表队同济大学摇旗助威
道康宁赞助太阳能十项全能竞赛为中国代表队同济大学摇旗
助威
佚名
【期刊名称】《上海塑料》
【年(卷),期】2011(000)003
【摘要】为推动全球太阳能行业和教育事业的发展,道康宁宣布将赞助太阳能十项全能竞赛（Solar Decathlon）。
该活动是由美国能源部发起,将于今年9月23日至10月2日于美国华盛顿举行。
【总页数】1页(P26-26)
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TK51
【相关文献】
1.美国能源部能效与可再生能源部太阳能十项全能竞赛主任琳达・西尔弗曼寄语中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛 [J], Linda Silverman
2.道康宁中国赞助同济大学协力冲刺美国2011太阳能全能竞赛 [J],
3.道康宁赞助太阳能十项全能竞赛 [J],
4.国际太阳能十项全能竞赛暨第一届中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛(Solar Decathlon China 2013,SDC 2013)特约报导 [J], 高青
5.道康宁赞助同济大学冲刺美国2011太阳能全能竞赛 [J], 杨芳
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十项全能
井冈山大学商学院2013年综合素质拓展（十项全能）大赛系列活动之商务英语大赛为进一步提高广大同学学习英语的兴趣，发现和培养更多的英语人才，营造全院学习英语的氛围，同时也是为了丰富同学们的大学生活，活跃商学院的文化气氛，主线我院英语教学成果，进一步提高我院学生实际运用英语的能力，特在商学院团委学生会老师及主席团的领导下，结合本院专业特点，商学院学习部将举办井冈山大学商学院2013年综合素质拓展（十项全能）大赛系列活动之商务英语大赛。
现将具体活动方案制定如下:一、活动主题：lead with your business English二、组织单位主办单位：井冈山大学商学院团委、学生会承办单位：井冈山大学商学院学生会学习部三、参赛对象：全院学生四、比赛安排以下时间为暂定，复赛决赛准确比赛时间将会在比赛前另行通知。
望各位参赛选手注意。
1.比赛内容：自我介绍、英文解说、情景表演等2.比赛时间：复赛为4月13号星期六，决赛为4月21号星期日。
3.比赛地点：未定。
4.比赛流程：（1）初赛学习部将会通知各年级每班学习委员，请他们自行举行初赛，选拔出2名出色的选手参加复赛。
并于2013年4月7日前将参赛选手名单和联系方式报到商学院学生会学习部。
注：请国贸以及营销专业班级积极举办初赛，并认真选拔优秀的选手。
（2）复赛第一环节为自我介绍，时间限定为3分钟，参赛选手可采取各种方式进行自我展示。
此环节不计入比分，第二环节为了考察选手们对商务词汇的掌握能力，因此在复赛中，我们将采取通过在多媒体上播放商务词汇的中文，让选手回答出英文的方式来考察。
每组我们将会准备30个词汇，让选手回答，答对一题得一分，最后汇总各选手得分至最后得分评比。
第三环节为英语接龙游戏环节。
类似于我们曾经做过的成语接龙游戏。
我们会将众多参赛选手划分为三个组别。
由学习部给出一个单词，由选手根据单词尾字母接下去。
例如，学习部给出单词dog,选手接为good。
OSHA现场作业手册说明书
DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。
同济大学：唱响建筑版“我的太阳”
同济大学：唱响建筑版“我的太阳”作者：暂无来源：《发明与创新·大科技》 2012年第2期本刊记者雷蕾“我们的学生在参加这项比赛的过程中，就有不少企业索要他们的资料。
”同济大学绿色建筑及新能源研究中心常务副主任谭洪卫教授提起自己的学生，言语间流露出自豪。
谭洪卫提到的比赛是被誉为“可再生能源的奥林匹克”的“太阳能十项全能竞赛(SD大赛)”。
在前不久举行的第二届湖南省可再生能源建筑应用技术研讨会上，谭洪卫的发言刚结束，便有人开始向他提出有关此项比赛的问题。
一本书厚的参赛规则太阳能十项全能竞赛是由美国能源部发起、主办的全球大学生的实验创作竞赛。
比赛的目的是借助世界顶尖研发、设计团队的创意，将太阳能、节能与建筑设计以一体化的新方式紧密结合，从而促进节能减排的技术发展和实践进步。
其中的“十项全能”是指建筑物、市场吸引力、工程、对外交流、成本可接受程度、舒适性、太阳能热水、电器用具、家庭娱乐以及能量平衡。
只有在结合成本效益、对消费者有吸引力、设计能融合优化的发电方式及最大效率等方面表现最为优异的团队，才能最终脱颖而出。
该竞赛每年会有大约20支来自不同国家的大学团队参加。
自2010年起，同济大学已经连续两年参赛，同时也是唯一一所连续两年参赛的来自亚洲的高校。
“比赛要求包括很多方面，同时包含很多细节。
比如说竞赛时间是一个月，但参赛代表队必须在一周内将建筑搭建安装完毕，且不允许破坏地面。
参赛建筑面积约为90平方米，室内装修需要安装照明、冰箱、洗衣机、空调、电视、电脑等电器设备，且建筑总花费不超过25万美金。
而在评分上，总的原则是参赛代表队建造的房屋在同样面积、造价的条件下，建筑物产生的能源要大于消耗的能源。
在细则上，评分项目为十项，每一个大项中又包含若干个小项。
例如说在家庭娱乐的烹饪环节上，竞赛周内要成功完成4次烹饪，每次烹饪任务为2小时蒸发掉5磅水等。
”谭洪卫介绍说，真正的比赛规则更为繁琐，“在国外比赛，比赛规则要按照国外制定的技术安全标准认证，有一本书那么厚，而且2010年和2011年的比赛的设计与建造过程是交叉进行的。