Why Nothing Works
UINT 5(1)why nothing works
Giving examples
Idea: quality can be independent of technology
Example: artifacts (a Pomo Indian basket and an Eskimo skin boat) used by simple preindustrial societies
Process
Idea: the formation of social
relationship between producer and consumer prehistory
Later
Producers and consumers were either one and the same individuals or close kin Different members of the band or village adopted craft specialties
12/8/2015
Vocabulary
Evoke v.
过去式：evoked 过去分词： evoking synonym： summon prompt forth induce bring 1. 唤起，召唤；召(魂)，唤(神)，召来(亡灵等)：
to evoke a spirit from the dead
• How to explain ?
• Most exposition relies on a number of developing techniques. • Learn to use not causes and effects alone, but causes and effects assisted by other methods like giving examples or contrast.
(完整word版)unit 5 why nothing works译文
为何什么都没用？根据一位仅知其名为墨菲的学者所归纳的法则，“任何东西如果会出毛病的话，它迟早要出毛病的.据此得出的推论可以有助于解释次品问题：会出故障的终归要出故障；会散架的终归会散架；会停止运转的终归要停止运转。
虽然墨菲的理论不能被完全推翻，但是效应通常可以推迟发生。
人类在其生存中花费大量的时间和精力，力图保证其生产的物品能在尽可能长时间里不失灵、不散架、不停止运行。
要阻止墨菲定律作用于我们的产品，需要我们发挥才智、施展技能，有责任心。
如果人类的努力能借力于专门的质量监控仪品和科学的抽样检测程序，那就更好了。
但是仪器和抽样检测需要维修；量具也会出错；X光和镭射线需要调整。
无论技术多么先进发达，质量控制总是需要人的才智，人的积极的思考和行动。
回顾一下史前和工业化前人类的物质文明有助于阐述我的观点。
只有去摆放着史前社会人工制品的博物馆参观一下，就足以驳倒质量取决于技术的观点。
那些人工制品虽然设计简单甚至原始，但是制造出就能满足设想的作用，而且可靠，耐用终身。
当我们看重“手工制作”的标签，愿意为日渐减少的工匠们制作的珠宝、衣服和手袋多花钱时，我们承认质量不取决于技术。
质量是怎么来的？打个比方，婆摩印第安人的篮子编制非常紧实，可以盛开水，而且滴水不漏；爱斯基摩人的兽皮船兼有轻盈、结实、抗风浪等无与伦比的特点，那么这种质量的来源是什么？仅仅是因为它们是手工制品吗？我认为不是。
由一双缺乏技巧，或缺乏爱心的手编出来的篮子或造出来的船会和及其制作出来的篮子和船一样散架。
我认为我们之所以看重“手工制作”的标签是因为它不仅仅引发了生产者和产品之间的技术关系，还引发了生产者和消费者之间的社会关系。
众观史前，不难发现生产者和消费者是同一个人，或是同一群人，或者是很近的亲缘关系，所以保证了制品有很高的耐用性。
男人制造他们自己的矛、弓箭及箭头。
妇女们编织出她们自用的篮子和网兜，用兽皮、树皮和纤维缝制自己的衣服。
后来，随着工艺的发展和物质文明的日益丰富，部落和村庄里的不同成员也从事瓷器制造、篮子编织和独木舟制作之类的工艺行业。
Unit 5 Why Nothing Works
Unit 5 Why Nothing WorksⅠ. Learning objectives1.Learn to use exemplification, illustration and contrast in expository writing.2.Learn to develop a topic through a causal analysis.II Teaching time: six class periodsIII Teaching Procedure:Step 1 Warm-up Questions1.What’s the issue being discussed in the present text? Do you think the issuerelevant to us or not?2.Have you ever bought something, like a fountain pen, a cassette recorder, or awatch, which broke down or went out of order shortly after use. Were you frustrated by this, feeling that you’d been cheated? Who did you normally blame for this? What did you think are the causes for such problem?3.What do people usually think are the factors related to good quality inproducts? What do they think are the causes for shoddy goods? How does the author of the present text think differently?4.Regarding the problem of shoddy goods, what factors are specified by theauthor? Which factor does he regard as primary, human or technology? Why?Do you agree with him?5.What is the message that the author intends to get across to us? Can you findthe message explicitly stated in text? What do you think is the thesis statement of the text?6. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the author’s argument?Step 2 Relevant information1. The authorMarvin Harris teaches anthropology at the University of Florida. He writes about American life from the point of view of the anthropologist in Cannibals and Kings(1977)and America Now (1981), from which the text is taken.2. Murphy’s LawThis is a humorous maxim，declaring that in general, if anything can go wrong, it will. The law originated in 1949 with Captain ED Murphy, an aircraft engineer. Referring to a technician, he said, “if there is any way to do it wrong, he will.” The project manager, George E. Nichol s, assigned the name “Murphy’s Law” to that and similar statement.Additional forms of Murphy’s Law include:“Nothing is as easy as it looks.”“Everything takes longer than you think it will.”“To know yourself is the ultimate aggression.”(意为:战胜别人容易，而知道自己、认识自己，敢于面对现实，敢于跟自己过不去，才会克服自身的弱点，才是大勇。
(完整word版)WhyNothingWorks课文翻译
自己做的《新编英语教程5》Unit 8的课文翻译，可能翻译得不是很好，仅仅是想发上来给大家分享一下，仅供参考。
—-—--—-—---———西安科技大学杨如为什么都不起作用呢根据著名学者提出的墨菲定律,“如果事情出错，那么它就一定会出错”。
墨菲定律的推论使其为劣质产品问题提供了线索：如果产品会坏掉，那么它就一定会坏掉；如果产品会散架,那么它就一定会散架；如果产品会停止运行，那么它就一定会停止运行。
但是墨菲定律决不会完全无懈可击，它的作用通常会推迟发生.人类花费了大量心血，目的在于保证他们生产出的产品在过了保质期后也不会出错，散架，坏掉或者停止运行。
如果想抢在墨菲定律对产品产生影响之前，就必须需要智慧，技术和对产品的责任感.如果人为因素得到一些高质量的仪器，机器和科学取样试验的辅助,那么人为因素和辅助工具越多越好。
但是仅仅这些小机器和样本试验绝不会获得成功，因为这些机器都会受制于墨菲定律。
质控仪器需要维修；小机器有时会失控；x 光线和激光射线需要调整。
无论机器技术多么的先进,商品质量都需要人类的智慧，积极的思想和行动。
一些关于史前和工业前人类物质文明的思考可以表达出我的意思。
去博物馆参观一次工业前期制造的手工艺品，就足以让你打消这种质量需要依赖与技术的想法.手工艺品也许只是一种简单，甚至原始的设计，但是它们被制造出来的最初目的就只要在人类的一生中能使用很久。
我们承认当我们给商品贴上“手工制造”的标志时，我们为珠宝、毛衣和手提包花费的多余的钱却使手艺人变得越来越少了.比如说，有人发现波莫印第安人编制的篮子十分结实，它可以用来盛开水而且滴水不漏，或者是爱斯基摩人的船将轻巧、结实和我适航性最完美的结合了起来。
难道它们只是因为手工制造吗？我并不这样认为。
如果这个手工制造的篮子或船是由一个缺乏经验或者不负责任的工人制造出来的，那么它会和机器制造的一样很容易坏掉。
我甚至认为不是技术与生产者的关系,而是生产者与消费者之间的关系才使我们给商品加上了“手工制造”的标志。
英语励志长句子带翻译
英语励志长句子带翻译导语：励志的句子可以涤荡我们的心灵，下面是小编收集整理的带翻译的英语励志长句子，欢迎参考！1、Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.心之所愿，无事不成。
2、Behind every successful man there's a lot u unsuccessful years. 每个成功者的后面都有很多不成功的岁月.3、While there is life there is hope.一息若存，希望不灭。
4、There is no royal road to learning.求知无坦途。
5、Great hopes make great man.远大的希望，造就伟大的人物。
6、The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart.世界上对勇气的最大考验是忍受失败而不丧失信心。
7、 I think success has no rules, but you can learn a lot from failure. 我认为成功没有定律,但你可从失败中学到很多东西.8、Only they who fulfill their duties in everyday matters will fulfill them on great occasions.只有在日常生活中尽责的人才会在重大时刻尽责。
9、The shortest way to do many things is to only one thing at a time.做许多事情的捷径就是一次只做一件事。
10、Sow nothing, reap nothing.春不播，秋不收。
11、There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.成功没有诀窍，它是筹备，苦干以及在失败中汲取教训的结果。
英语作文一本书
英语作文一本书英语作文关于一本书（精选20篇）英语作文一本书篇1This book is an excellent book!It is about life of a poor child who lives in China.The story is about how he live and survive in such vile environment and with bad conditions.I’m so touched by the story.The author uses many beautiful words in this book and his style of writing is very exquisite.This makes the story a lot more interesting and touching.Moreover,the contents and plot of the book are wonderful.This book is a worth-to-read book,hope you all will like it. 英语作文一本书篇2A lot of people ask me which book is my most favorite one, and I always proudly answer them <>, which is all history about China.This will be a long story for me to read this book.First time I touched this book is when I was 5 years old.My mother bought it to me as my 5-years-old gift.This is a really wonderful present to me,which is opening a history gate to me , a totally innocent boy.I almost forgot the dinner after I read the first page.From then on, I was the historist in my class and showed my knowledge from that book to my classmeates.When I became older and older, I knew more about it and feel more confident about my own China.I am proud that I am a Chinese and I will make more effort to build a more powerful country and let Chinese history morebrilliant.As me, this is the most important book in my life and now I still read it and recite some part of it.I think everyone should read it and get this wonderful experenice.英语作文一本书篇3Gone with the wind is my favorate book.It tells a woman's life duringthe civil war.She is so brave to seek for love.She married three times.In the end,she found who is worth she love.However,she would lost her lover,but she had never give up.She did her best to protect her land.A sentense in this book has a deep impression on me,that is to say,tommorrow is another day.英语作文一本书篇4I like reading，so I love many different kinds of books very much，because they not only broaden my horizons(视野)but also give me inspiration(灵感).Up to now I have read a lot of books，for example，magazines，novels and storybooks and so on.But one of the books that I like best is My Life Story.It was created(创作)by an American writer—Helen Keller(海伦·凯勒)in 1902.She was a blind(盲的)，deaf(聋的)and dumb(哑的)person.In the book，she wrote that she had not been able to see，hear or speak since the age of one year and seven months.This unusual thing made her very sad.When she was seven years old，she knew Miss Sullivan(沙利文)，her good teacher.Helen was getting happier every day.Then，Miss Sullivan helped her learn how to write English words.At first，Miss Sullivan wrote some words on Helen's hands with her own fingers again and again.Helen was a very diligent girl.Because of this，she tried as much as possible to remember words.After that，she wrote and published(出版)many famous works.My Life Story is one of them.英语作文一本书篇5I’ve read a book called “The Lion King”.I already watch it in the cartoon when I was little, but now I reverse the story by reading the book.It was a book about the King of the private land called Mufasa, he have a brother called Scar, a jealousy person.He wants to be the future king, to be the leader of all animals.But his dream is broken by the newborn baby of Mufasa –Simba~!A really cute little lion, because he will become the future king after Mufasa’s death, therefore there’s no chance for Scar.So he’s trying to kill both of them.So he puts Simba into danger and killed Mufasa.He told Simba it was all Simba’s false because Mufasa is dead because he was trying to safe Simba.So Simba run away by fear.He meets two friends in a beautiful land.They taught Simba everything will be fine as the time passing.But onceSimba meet his best friend Sara, and he follows her back to his kingdom and found out the truth about his father’s death, therefore he killed Scar, and he live happily with other animals ever after~! This is a good story for everyone, it’s easy for children to understand the main story, but it’s good for someone even older because it tell us that it’s important to facing the past,even know the past may hurts but you have to face it and learn things from it,don’t let it happens next time to make a better future.英语作文一本书篇6The DA VINCI CODE is really a good book! It's very interesting.Although I don't have the knowledge of religion, I am crazy about it! However, my foreign teacher told me that some people who believe in Jesus don't like this book. They hold the opinion that the book tells them something wrong. Because I know nothing about religion, I am not sure if it is true. I think that everything has pros and cons, we should learn the good things from the book and don't care about the bad things. We can benefit from reading. We can learn lots of knowledge from books.Let's read. Books are the food of our spirit.英语作文一本书篇7As a student, I like reading. I have read a lot of books. They not only broaden my horizons（视野）but also give me inspiration（灵感）. My Life Story is my favourite book.My Life Story was written by an American writer,Helen Keller （海伦·凯勒）in 1902．Helen Keller was a blind，deaf and dumb woman．In the book，she wrote that she had not been able tosee，hear or speak since the age of one year and seven months．She was very sad. But luckily,she met her dear teacher, Miss Sullivan（沙利文），a good woman. Miss Sullivan helped her learn how to write English words and encouraged her. Helen Keller was moved and studied hard. Helen was a very bright girl．she tried as much as possible to remember words．After that，she wrote and published（出版）many famous works．My Life Story is one of them．This is a good story for everyone, it’s easy for children to understand the main story, but it’s good for someone even older because it tell us that it’s important to face the past, even know the past may hurts but you have to face it and work hard.And you will have a good future.英语作文一本书篇8I like reading, so I love many different kinds of books very much, because they not only broaden my horizons but also give me inspiration.Up to now I have read a lot of books, for example, magazines, novels and storybooks and so on. But one of the books that I like best is My Life Story. It was created by an American writer---Helen Keller in 1902.She was a blind, deaf and dumb person. In the book, she wrote that she had not been able to see, hear or speak since the age of one year and seven months. This unusual thing made her very sad. When she was seven years old, she knew Miss Sullivan, her good teacher. Helen was getting happier every day. Then, Miss Sullivan helped her learn how to write English words. At first, Miss Sullivan wrote some words on Helen's hands with her own fingers again and again. Helen was a very diligent girl. Because of this, she tried as much as possible to remember words. After that, she wrote and published many famous works. My LifeStory is one of them.It shows us a universal truth:”Nothing is difficult if you put your heart intoit!”This is why I like it best. What about you？英语作文一本书篇9I enjoy reading different kinds of books, but "Harry Porter" is my favorite one. The story is very long but I am interested in it. Harry was such a brave and clever boy that he dared to fight against powerful enemies. His Z—shaped scar and magic stick brought me into a magical world. In fact,the fiction story is so meaningful that I can learn a lot from i. I think it's the best book I've ever read.英语作文一本书篇10I like reading，so I love many different kinds of books very much，because they not only broaden myhorizons but also give me inspiration.Up to now I have read a lot of books，for example，magazines，novels and storybooks and so on.But one of the books that I like best is My Life Story.It was created(创作)by an American writer—Helen Keller(海伦·凯勒)in 1902.She was a blind(盲的)，deaf(聋的)and dumb(哑的)person.In the book，she wrote that she had not been able to see，hear or speak since the age of one year and seven months.This unusual thing made her very sad.When she was seven years old，she knew Miss Sullivan，her good teacher.Helen was getting happier every day.Then，Miss Sullivan helped her learn how to write English words.At first，Miss Sullivan wrote some words on Helen's hands with her own fingers again and again.Helen was a very diligent girl.Because of this，she tried as much as possible to remember words.After that，she wrote and published many famous works.My Life Story is one of them.My Life Story described her hard struggle to become an outstanding writer and educationist of the world.It shows us a universal truth：“Nothing is difficult if you put your heart intoit!”This is why I like it best.What about you?英语作文一本书篇11Books are our good friends. When we began elementary school, we started our friendship with then,. They never leave us unless we throw then, away. When we are alone, they help us to get rid of lonely feelings. When we are in low spirits, they encourage us to stand up again. Whenever we are in trouble, they always offer help to us.However, not all books are worth reading. Certain ones can be harmful to our young people who have committed crimes which have resulted in their being sent to prison. This is the result of the negative influence that these books which are not worth reading have upon their young readers.So it is important to make wise use of books. Our aim is not only to read them, but also to use them. How can we use then, more wisely? The answer is to practise what we have read. Only by practising and using the knowledge we have acquired fron, books, can we achieve more in our life.英语作文一本书篇12I recently seen a movice called "Alice in Wonderland". Maybe you have read a fiction named it.You should guess now.Yes,this film is based on the novel.And I have already read this book many times. It is so interesting a book that I enjoy read it.It was a good book, soI could not put it down.But the main reasn is that this book is my grandpa gave me the final book. He have been died last December.So it also has a special meaning to me.Alice is the maincharater of the novel. She is very kind, beautiful, smart and brave.I hope to be a fantastic girl like Alice.I will never give up tring to achieve my dream.And I am always missing my grandpa.I will always be thankful to him.英语作文一本书篇13Everyone has their own habits, my habit is to watch TV.Watch TV, have the habit of sometimes good, sometimes bad, because many people watch TV and become nearsighted. I watch TV, as long as nobody, I can watch for several hours. It is because watching TV, my eyes now look on the blackboard the word do not know the look; is because watching TV, I am every day for my eyes to worry about, there are so afraid of the day, my eyes to develop into high myopia. But one day I do not watch TV, my mind is always uneasy, just as ants are the same as scratching, even in the homework, I can not help but turn on the TV to watch a little while. I can do homework, the grandfather in the side, did not dare go to open TV. I remember one occasion, grandfather accompanied my homework at home, this time, my favorite look of the TV drama "亮剑" soon began to open their hearts always want to go watch TV. I'd like to see on TV, Grandpa took a phone call is my Ho table go public and tell him to play chess, Grandpa went. One grandfather, and I opened the TV on. I have read, such as drama, it is already 22:00 o'clock. At this time, I did not expect to do work. Just then, Grandpa returned, he found that not to do my work, I criticized him.I really wanted to give up the habit watching TV and less watching TV, the protection of eyesight, healthy and happy to do a small man.英语作文一本书篇14There are many books in my family, father and mother, andmany of them are mine. These books are thick and thin. In my book, what I like most is Tang Sulan's school life of the wolf.It is very interesting, especially when “ although the stupid wolf of art but utterly ignorant of, at the end of the semester, the s chool talent contest, he won the Wolf Prize, best performing ” I'm curious, eager to read. The original is brown bear make practical joke help honest stupid wolf, a fluke, won the best performance award.This book has a lot of wonderful clips, always makes me uproarious, taught me the truth in life a —— to do a good and honest people. Please have a look at this book! You're going to love it as much as I do.英语作文一本书篇15books are our good friends. when we began elementary school, we started our friendship with them. they never leave us unless we throw them away.when we are alone, they help us to get rid of lonely feelings. when we are in iow spirits,they encourage us to stand up again. whenever we are introuble, they always offer help to us.however, not all books are wortli, reading. certain ones can be harmful to our young people who have committed crimes which have resulted in their being seat to prison. this is the result of the negative influence that these books which are not worth reading have upon their young readers.so it is important to make wise use of books. our aim is not only to read them, but also to use them. how can we use them more wisely? the answer is to practise what we have read.only by practising and using the knowledge we have acquired from books,can we achieve more in our life.英语作文一本书篇16For college students' advice, not the truth, but enough with youA student, don't think you can get in you ever want. Working enthusiasm probably because you see some things and experiences, but also not be afraid. Do you have a freshman to inherit and is or continue to quit or decisions.Second, the university might have true love, but remember just impossible. Many people love because they envy or other reasons and together. So, not for any break up by too big, remember, too big, true love is worth pursuing.3 if your family in general, so remember you in university has many unexpected places. Money, As two professional classes, or in the future for all of your family and your own future, always don't money. Remember, always.英语作文一本书篇17Hi everyone,i like read books .i like novels, because it is ful. i like guai wu da shi book best. books on a yound boy. he is poor .but he is kind and clever. he very love the world is made of the love. he is touch me i also like history .it make me have more knowledge .scond i like books because it make me relax i think we should read about a lot of knowledge book. i often keep reading for about half an hour every day .l think reading is very important and necessary for us.英语作文一本书篇18I like reading very much. The fairy tales are my favorites, such as Grimm’s Fairy Tales,Anderson’s Fairy Tales and so on. But I like Zheng Yuanjie’s fairy tales most, such as Shuke and Beita and many other books. The roles in his fairy tales are so funny. Sometimes, I think they are around me. They are my classmatesor my friends.Therefore, these stories are also my own stories. And, his books also teach me to be a good kid.英语作文一本书篇19“The University Plan I have just become a new college student so I must make a good plan for my university life during the four years.Firstly,as a college student ,what I need to do at present is study hard and make good progress in study.Secndly,take an active extracurricular activities,especially social practice activities in order to get to know the society further.So after graduation,I may adapt to the developmenet and requires of society .At last,I must get along well with the teachers and classmates,be good at dealing with all kinds of the problems and relation beween the people and keep on training my comprehensive quality and abilities,so that I can lay a good foundation for going into the society later after graduation,and should be a mordern undergraduate with morality,civilization,ideals and disciplines.”英语作文一本书篇20“The University Plan I have just become a new college student so I must make a good plan for my university life during the four years.Firstly,as a college student ,what I need to do at present is study hard and make good progress in study.Secndly,take an active extracurricular activities,especially social practice activities in order to get to know the society further.So after graduation,I may adapt to the developmenet and requires of society .At last,I must get along well with the teachers and classmates,be good at dealing with all kinds of the problems and relation beween thepeople and keep on training my comprehensive quality and abilities,so that I can lay a good foundation for going into the society later after graduation,and should be a mordern undergraduate with morality,civilization,ideals and disciplines.”。
李观仪新编英语教程第五册unit 8 why nothing works
• synonym: initiate, learned person, pundit
• 2. corolቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱary (l.2)---an immediate inference from a proved proposition推论
• Neither of them know about it, and the corollary of that is that someone else revealed the secret.
• Additional forms of Murphy’s Law include: • To know yourself is the ultimate aggression • Friends come and go, but enemies accumulate. • If you’re feeling good, don’t worry, you’ll soon
Unit 8
Why Nothing Works
by Marvin Harris
Maggie Yuan
About the title
The title: Why--- causes
•
Nothing works----effects （functions)
• The meaning of the title: What causes things to go
• Most scientists regard it as silly nonsense. But one who doesn't is Robert Matthews. Since the mid1990s, he has discovered that many cases of Murphy's Law really can be explained by serious scientific principles.
李观仪新编英语教程第5册 UNITppt课件
s through barter and trade.
The connection between the producer and the consumer remained intimate, permanent, and caring.
Kayak and umiak
kayak
umiak
Text analysis
This is a cause and effect paper. The writer first states the effect, then he makes a causal analysis.
Effect: poor-quality products (para. 1) Major cause: human rather than technology (para. 2).
1.corollary[c]formal sth. that is the direct result of sth. else 直接的结果(结论)
e.g. This is the inevitable corollary of his determination to succeed.
2. forestall v [T] to prevent or defeat sb. by acting first
她父亲有意挫伤她学演艺的抱负拒绝供她上戏剧学校
Unit 8
Why Nothing Works
Marvin Harris
Cultural Background Text Analysis Writing Skill Questions on the Text Language Points Discussion Exercises
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Why Nothing Works (Précis)
Because of the widely known Murphy’s Law, “if anything can go wrong, it will”, people take efforts to make sure that things don’t go wrong easily after their manufacture. High quality demands not only advanced technology but intelligent, motivated human thought and action. The examples of the material culture of prehistoric and preindustrial peoples and the honor of the label “handmade” can show that quality doesn’t depend on technology. Another factor of high quality is the social relationship between producer and consumer. High quality can be achieved if the connection between producer and consumer remains intimate, such as fashioning a spear for oneself or sewing a parka for one’s own husband. It’s hard for people to care about products to be used by strangers because the intimate personal bonds have been placed by money relationships. In larger companies, alienation from the company and product are likely to decrease quality standards.
Here is a game to play. The table below shows how much rubbish is thrown away in Britain every year. Imagine that China threw away as much rubbish as a country like Britain. China is 22 times larger than Britain. So, multiply the total for Britain By 22(*22).This will show you how much rubbish China would throw away each year.。