2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit 4 Making the news单元测试 (5)

Unit 4 Making the news单元测试Ⅰ.阅读理解AHow Did the Ancient Chinese Keep Food Warm in Winter?Facilities like electric rice cookers, microwaves, and electric kettles, make it easy for people to keep food warm and enjoy a comfortable winter. So how did Chinese people in ancient times keep food warm in winter without these? In fact, ancient Chinese people used their own methods of heat preservation as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties.●“Wen Ding”， ancient rice cookerOne of the major functions of an electric rice cooker is to keep food warm. The “Wen Ding”， an ancient cooking container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container preserved heat by burning fuels like charcoal.The “Wen Ding” unearthed i n Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age. The craftsmanship of making the “Wen Ding” was developed in the Bronze Age. The bronze Ding from Shang and Zhou dynasties took on different shapes and structures.●“Ran Lu”， ancient small hot potThe “Ran Lu” is a small size cooking vessel(器皿) made of bronze, which can be divided into three parts. A charcoal stove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessel's structure suggests it may have been used as a small hot pot and that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period(475～221 BC)．● Bronze You, ancient kettleThe Bronze You was one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Bronze You can also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi Province, has an opening where charcoal could be placed. Just as people today can't do without an electric kettle, the Bronze You allowed people to enjoy a hot drink.● Bronze Yan, ancient steamerAlthough the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm, the ancient Chinese people later found that its burning process produced pollution. As a result, the Bronze Yan was made with a two–tier structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty(25 AD～220 AD), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modern–day steamer.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了中国古代用来保温食物的四种器皿。

1．When did the “Ran Lu” become popular?A．In the Zhou Dynasty.B．In the Warring States Period.C．In the Eastern Han Dynasty.D．In the Stone Age.解析B细节理解题。

根据题干关键词Ran Lu可定位至原文“Ran Lu”，ancient small hot pot部分，根据该部分最后一句．..became popular in the Warring States Period(475～221 BC)可知，染炉在战国时期非常受欢迎，故选B项。

2．The Bronze You, unearthed in Jiangxi Province, has an opening to________.A．store wine B．pour waterC．place charcoal D．hold charcoal ashes解析C细节理解题。

根据Bronze You, ancient kettle部分的第三句可知，铜卣有一个可放置木炭的开口，故选C项。

3．What is the unique advantage of the Bronze Yan?A．It is warm. B．It is convenient.C．It is environment–friendly. D．It is useful.解析C细节理解题。

根据Bronze Yan, ancient steamer部分中的第一、二句可知，铜甗的优点是更为环保，故选C项。

4．Among the following products, which one may have the longest history?A．The “Wen Ding”.B．The “Ran Lu”．C．The Bronze You. D．The Bronze Yan.解析A细节理解题。

根据“Wen Ding”，ancient rice cooker部分第二段第一句可知，温鼎的历史最为悠久，故选A项。

B“Heaven is where the police are English, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian and everything is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything is organized by the Italians.”Obviously the national stereotypes(模式化的思想) in this old joke are generalizations, but such stereotypes are often said to “exist for a reason”. Is there actually a sliver of truth in them? Not likely, an international research team now says.“National and cultural stereotypes do play an important role in how people seethemselves and others, and being aware that these are not dependable is a useful thing，”said study author Robert McCrae of the National Institute on Aging. “These are in fact unfounded stereotypes. They don't come from looking around you，” McCrae said.If national stereotypes aren't rooted in real experiences, then where do they come from? One possibility is that they reflect national values, which may become known from historical events. For example, many historians have argued that the spirit of American individualism has its origins in the experiences of the pioneers on the Old West.Social scientists such as psychologist Richard Robins have given several other possible explanations for stereotypes and why they may be incorrect. Robins notes that some stereotypes may have been correct at one point in history and then remained unchanged while the culture changed.We may be “hard–wired”， to some degree, to keep incorrect stereotypes, since we are less likely to notice and remember information that is different from our stereotypes. Generally, according to Robins, when we meet people who are different from our stereotypes, we see them as unique individuals rather than typical national or cultural groups.语篇导读本文为议论文。