化学与应用化学专业英语命名
应用化学专业英语-无机物的命名
Common：用希腊数字前缀表示氧原子和非金属原子的个数。
Stock：用罗马数字表明除氧（-2）外的非金属的氧化态。
6、Inorganic Acid（无机酸）
Acid Ion （酸基离子） per有 氧 酸 hypo无氧酸 -ate -ate -ite -ite -ide perAcid -ic -ic -ous -ous -ic acid acid acid acid acid
应用化学
无机物的命名
The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
无机物的命名
1、 Elementary Substance(单质)
2、Cation（阳离子）
3、Anion（阴离子）
4、Oxide, Base and Salt of Metal（氧化物,碱和金属盐） 5、Nonmetal Oxide （非金属氧化物） 6、Inorganic Acid（无机酸） 7、Acid Salt（酸式盐）
fluoride
chloride bromide iodide astatide
阴离子的命名
Symbol
FClBr-
Name
Fluoride Chloride Bromide
Symbo l ClO4ClO3ClO2-
Name
Perchlorate Chlorate Chlorite Nitrate Nitrite Phosphate Phosphite
4、Oxide, Base and Salt of Metal（氧化物，碱和金属盐）
5、Nonmetal Oxide （非金属氧化物） 6、Inorganic Acid（无机酸）
7、Acid Salt（酸式盐） 8、Basic Salt（碱式盐） 9、Complex salt(络合物)
应用化学专业英语
应用化学专业英语Cu—copper Fe—iron Hg—mercury Na—sodium K—potassium Ag—silverNaOH—sodium hydroxide KOH—potassium hydroxide Fe(OH)2—iron(Ⅱ)hydroxide Fe(OH)3—iron(Ⅲ)hydroxide NH4OH—ammonium hydroxideK3[Fe(CN)6]—potassium hexacyanoferrate(Ⅲ)K4[Fe(CN)6]—potassium hexacyanoferrate(Ⅱ)Ⅰ.Name the following1.(NH4)2CO3Ammonium carbonate2.N2O Nitrous Oxide3.H2SO4Sulfuric acid4.P4O6Phosphorus(Ⅲ)trioxide5.Al2O3Aluminium oxide6.SnCl4Tin(IV)chloride7.KHSO4Potassium hydrogen sulfate8.Cu2S Copper(Ⅰ)sulfide9.HClO4Perchloric acid10.BaCl2Barium chloride11.P4O10Phosphorus(Ⅴ)pentoxide12.NaH Sodium hydride13.Ca(MnO4)2Calcium permanganate14.PF5Phosphorus pentafluoride15.(NH4)2HPO4Diammonium hydrogen phosphateⅡ.Give formulas for the following1.ammonium sulfate(NH4)2SO42.barium iodide BaI23.iron(Ⅱ)sulfate Fe2SO44.potassium permanganate KMnO45.copper(Ⅱ)oxide CuO6.carbonic acid H2CO3Melting point 熔点boiling point 沸点1.Which particles play the most active role in chemical bonding?(a)electrons (b)neutrons (c)protons (d)valence electrons2.An ionic bond is formed when electrons are:(a)completely destroyed (b)compeltely transferred (c)divied (d)equally shared3.Due to the that Ionic compounds have strong intermolecular forces they are at room temperature.(a)bonded covalently (b)gases (c)liquids(d)solids 1-butene trans -2-butenecis -2-butene iso -butene (E )-2-butene (Z )-butene 2-methylpropene1.Draw structure that correspond to the following names.(a)2,2-dimethylpentane (b)4-isobutyl-2,5-dimethylheptane (c)(Z)-3-menthyl-2-octene (d)(2R,3S)-2,3-pentanediol2.Give the IUPAC name for each of the following structures.(e)(f)(E)-1-methyl-4-ethylcyclohexane(g)(h)(S)-2-chloro-butyraldehyde (2R,3R)-2,3-dichlorobutyric acid补充：(E)-2-chloro-3-methyl-2-octene Nucleophile亲核试剂carbocation碳阳离子Compressible可压缩的incompressible不可压缩的1.A chemical system can be studied from either a or a(n)viewpiont.(A)physical...chenical(B)molecual...atomic (C)Microscopic...macroscopic(D)Mechanic...kinetic2.Is a macroscopic science that studies the interrelationships between the various equilibrium properties of a stystem.(A)Kinetics(B)Thermodynamics (C)Statistical mechanics(D)Quantum chenistry3.In,the molecular and macroscopic levels are related to each other.(A)quantum(B)statistical(C)thermodynamics(D)kinetics4.thermodynamics studies.(A)heat,work,energy,and the changes they produce in the states of systems(B)The relationships between the molecules of a system(C)heat,work,temperature,and the energy they produce in the states of systems(D)heat,energy,and work5.For a(n)system,neither matter nor energy can be transferred between system and surroundings.(A)closed(B)open(C)isolated(D)none of the aboveⅠ.Translate the following from English into Chinese.(1)pollution of the atmosphere(2)nondegradable pollutant大气污染不可降解污染物(3)harmless pollutant(4)interacting chemicals无害污染物相互作用的化学物质(5)threshold level(6)sound pressure level限定值，阈值声压水平(7)speech interference(8)transmission path 语音干扰传输途径Translate the following from Chinese into English.(1)定性分析qualitative analysis (2)分析物analyte (3)准确度accuracy (5)反应速率reaction-rate (5)解吸附作用deserption (6)吸附absorption conduction 热传导convection 对流radiation 辐射Balance and classify each of the following chemical equations as a (1)combination reactions ,(2)decomposition reaction ,(3)displacement reaction ,or (4)partner-exchange reaction.(a))()(2243l O H s Fe H O Fe +→+)(4)(342243l O H s Fe H O Fe +→+displacement reaction 置换反应(b))()()(23g O s KCl s KClO +→)(3)(2)(223g O s KCl s KClO +→decomposition reaction 分解反应(c)steam and hot carbon react to form gasecous hyfrogen and gaseous carbon monoxide.)()()()(22g CO g H s C l O H +→+displacement reaction 置换反应(d))()()(4272aq HClO g O H g O Cl →+)(2)()(4272aq HClO g O H g O Cl →+combination reactions 化合反应(e))()()(22aq HBrO aq HBr O H l Br +→+)()()(22aq HBrO aq HBr O H l Br +→+decomposition reaction 分解反应(f))()()()()(43442243aq PO H s CaSO aq SO H s PO Ca +→+)(2)(3)(3)()(43442243aq PO H s CaSO aq SO H s PO Ca +→+partner-exchange reaction 复分解反应(g)Potassium reacts with water to give aqueous potassium hydroxide and gaseous hydroxide.)()(2)(2)(222g H aq KOH l O H s K +→+displacement reaction 置换反应(h)Solid magnesium carbonate decomposes to form solid magnesium oxide and gaseous carbon monoxide.)()()(23g CO s MgO s MgCO +→decomposition reaction 分解反应Abstract 摘要Results and discussion 结果与讨论Experimental实验References参考文献E-factor影响因素Journal of the American Chemical Society美国化学会志Journal of the Chemical Society化学会志Journal of Organic Chemistry有机化学杂志Tetrahedron四面体'\.._/ ( Wb川ache mical reaction?Acherr山al react i on occurs when subs'孟忘"(tlie reactants) collide （碰撞） with enough energy to rearrange to form different compounds （由e produc时． η1e change in energy由at occurs when a reaction take place is described by thermodynamics （热力学） and the rate or speed at which a reaction occ u rs is described by kfaetics （动力学） . Reactions in which the reactants and produc臼coexist are considered to be in equ山brium （处于平衡）. A chemical equation consists of the chemical formula （化学式） of the reactants，且目the chemical formula of the products. The two are separated by an 一一－ usually read as ”yielas·’and each chemical formula is separated from others by a plus sign （加号） . Sometimes a triangle is drawn over the arrow symbol to denote energy must be added to the substances for the reaction to begin. Each chemical formula may be preceded by a scalar （数量的） coefficient ind i cating the proportion （比例） of that substance necessary to produce the reaction in formula. For instance, the formula for the burning of methane (C比＋ 202 →C02 + 2H20) indicates that twice as much 02 as C比is needed, and when they react, twice as much H20 as C02 will be produced.η1is is because during the reaction, each atom of carbon needs exactly two atoms of oxygen to combine with, to produce the C02, and every two atoms of hydrogen need an atom of oxygen to combine with to produce the H20. If the proportions of t he reactants are not respected, when they are forced to react, either not all of the substanc e used will participate in the react i on, or the react i on that will take p l ace will be different from the one noted in the equation.。
化工专业英语有机物命名
一些常见烷基的名称
烷基
—CH3 —C2H5
—(CH2)2CH3
普通命名法
IUPAC命名
中文 英文 名名
简 中文 英文 简
写名
名写
甲基 methyl Me 甲基 Methyl Me
乙基 ethyl
Et 乙基 Ethyl Et
正丙基 n-propyl n-Pro 丙基 Propyl Pro
—CH(CH3)2 异丙基 i-propyl i-Pro 1-甲基 1-methylehtyl 乙基
烷基
普通命名法
IUPAC命名
中文名 英文名 简写 中文名 英文名 简写
—(CH2)3CH3
正丁基
—CH(CH3)CH2CH3 仲丁基
—CH2CH(CH3)2 异丁基
n-butyl s-butyl i-butyl
n-Bu 丁基
s-Bu i-Bu
1-甲基 丙基
2-甲基 丙基
butyl Bu
1-methylpropyl 2-methylpropyl
其中，二甲醚常简称为甲醚（methyl ether），正 如乙醚（ethyl ether）一样 。
▪五单环芳香烃的命名 1-丁基-4-甲基苯
▪单环芳香烃是指苯及其衍生物。IUPAC（国际纯 粹与应用化学联合会 ）规定了芳香环母体名称及编 码，命名时在母体名前加上取代基的位次和名 称即可。如：
▪ 硝基（-NO2 ） nitro
烷基
—C(CH3)3 —(CH2)4CH3
—(CH2)2CH(CH3)2
—CH2C(CH3)3
普通命名法
IUPAC命名
中文名 叔丁基 正戊基
异戊基 新戊基
英文名
大学中的各学院专业英语名称
大学中的各学院专业英语名称学院简称专业名称专业简称农学院农学Agronomy 农学植物科学与技术Plant Science and Technology 植科种子科学与工程Seed Science and Engineering 种子植保学院植物保护Plant Protection 植保制药工程Pharmaceutical Engineering 制药园艺学院园艺Horticulture 园艺设施农业科学与工程Facility Agriculture Science and Engineering 设施动科学院动物科学Animal Science 动科草业科学Pratacultural Science 草业水产养殖Aquaculture 水产林学院林学Forestry 林学园林Landscape and Gardening园林林产化工Chemical Processing of Forest 林化艺术设计Artistic Designing艺术森林资源保护与游憩Forest Resources 森保资环学院资源环境与城乡规划管理Urban and ural Planning & Resource Management 城管资源环境科学（农业资源与环境）Resources and Environmental Sciences 资环环境科学Environmental Science环科地理信息系统Geographical Information System 地信水建学院水文与水资源工程Hydrology and Water Resource Engineering 水文农业水利工程Agricultural Water Conservancy Engineering农水热能与动力工程Thermal Energy and Power Engineering 热动农业建筑环境与能源工程Agricultural Structure, Environment and Energy Engineering 农建水利水电工程Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering 水工土木工程Civil Engineering土木电气工程及其自动化Electrical Engineering and Automation 电气城市规划Urban Planning 城规机电学院电子信息工程Electronic Information Engineering 电信机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering 机电机械设计制造及其自动化Mechine Design & Manufacturing and Automation 机制农业机械化及其自动化Agricultural Mechanization and Automation 机化农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation 农化包装工程Packaging Engineering 包装工业设计Industry Design工设木材科学与工程Wood Science and Engineering 木材信息学院计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology 计算机信息管理与信息系统Information Management and Information System 信管软件工程Software Engineering软件食品学院食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering 食工食品质量与安全Food Quality and Safety Engineering 食安葡酒学院葡萄与葡萄酒工程（酿酒工程）Viticulture and Enological Engineering 葡酒生命学院生物技术Biotechnology 生技生物工程Bioengineering生工生物科学Biological Science生科经管学院国际经济与贸易International Economics and Trade 国贸会计学Accounting会计金融学Finance金融土地资源管理Land Resources Management 土管经济学Economics经济农林经济管理Agricultural/ Forest Economy Management 农经工商管理Business Administration工商电子商务Electronic Commerce电商旅游管理（森林资源保护与游憩）Tourism Management 旅管公共事业管理Public Utilities Management 公管市场营销Marketing营销保险Insurance保险人文学院法学Law 法学社会学Sociology社会政治学与行政学Political Science and Administrative Science 行政理学院应用化学Applied Chemistry 应化信息与计算科学Information and Computing Science 信计动医学院动物医学Animal Medicine 动医外语系英语English英语创新学院国家生命科学与技术人才培养基地班（生物技术）National Training Base for Life Science and Technology （Biotechnology）生技基地班国家生命科学与技术人才培养基地班（生物工程）National Training Base for Life Science and Technology（Bioengineering）生工基地班植物科学类创新实验班Innovation Experiment of Plant Science植科创新班经济管理类创新实验班Innovation Experiment of Economy Management经管创新班动物科学类创新实验班Innovation Experiment of Animal Science动科创新班轻加工类创新实验班Innovation Experiment of Light Industry轻工创新班。
化学 专业英语
化学专业英语化学专业英语是化学专业学生需要掌握的一门重要语言技能。
以下是一些常见的化学专业英语词汇和表达方式：Acid 酸Base 碱Neutral 中性Chemical Bond 化学键Element 元素Compound 化合物Mixture 混合物Ion 离子Covalent Bond 共价键Polar Bond 极性键Nonpolar Bond 非极性键Radical 基团Molecule 分子Atom 原子Isomer 同分异构体Reaction Equation 反应方程式Chemical Equation 化学方程式Chemical Name 化学名称Formula 分子式Structure 结构pH 值Solubility 溶解度Extraction 萃取Crystallization 结晶Dissolution 溶解Evaporation 蒸发Condensation 冷凝Sublimation 升华Distillation 蒸馏Filtration 过滤Precipitation 沉淀Chromatography 色谱法Spectroscopy 光谱法Gas Chromatography 气相色谱法Liquid Chromatography 液相色谱法Mass Spectrometry 质谱法Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 核磁共振波谱法UV-Vis Spectroscopy 紫外-可见光谱法IR Spectroscopy 红外光谱法Titration 滴定法Gravimetric Analysis 重力分析法Thermal Analysis 热分析法X-ray Diffraction X射线衍射法。
应用化学专业英语 -无机化学命名
(3) 基本元素有多种价态 酸：最低氧化态(次酸) 基础元素(前缀 hypo-, 后缀 -ous) +acid 较低氧化态(亚酸) 基础元素加后缀-ous + acid 较高氧化态 (正酸) 基础元素加后缀-ic + acid 最高氧化态(高酸) 基础元素(前缀 per-, 后缀 -ic) +acid 盐：最低氧化态 阳离子元素 + 基础元素(前缀 hypo-, 后缀 -ite) 较低氧化态 阳离子元素 + 基础元素加后缀-ite 较高氧化态 阳离子元素 + 基础元素加后缀-ate 最高氧化态 阳离子元素 + 基础元素(前缀 per-, 后缀 -ate)
16. K4[Fe(CN)6]; 17. CuSO4· 5H2O 18. Cu2(OH)2CO3 19. NaNH4SO4
1. (NH4)2CO3: ammonium carbonate 2. N2O: nitrogen(Ⅰ) oxide; nitrous oxide ; laughing gas 3. H2SO4: sulphuric acid 4. P4O6 diphosphorus trioxide 5. Al2O3 Aluminum oxide 6. SnCl4 tin(Ⅳ) chloride; stannic chloride; tin terachloride 7. KHSO4 Potassium hydrogen sulfate 8. Cu2S copper(I) sulphide; dicopper sulphide 9. HClO4 perchloric acid
含氧酸及其盐：
(1) 基本元素仅有一种氧化态
酸：基本元素加后缀-ic +acid 例：H2CO3 carbonic acid 盐：阳离子元素+基础元素加后缀-ate 例：Na2CO3 sodium carbonate (2) 基本元素有两种氧化态 酸：基础元素加后缀(-ous 低价态，-ic 高价态) + acid HNO2：nitrous acid HNO3: nitric acid 盐：阳离子元素+基础元素加后缀( -ite低价态，-ate 高价态) NaNO2: Co(NO3)2: sodium nitrite cobalt(II) nitrate or cobaltous nitrate
应用化学专业英语 -化合物命名
樊海梅
LOGO
有机化合物的命名
链 烃
饱和烃：烷烃 不饱和烃：烯烃，炔烃 脂环烃 芳香烃
烃
有 机 物
环 烃
卤代烃
烃 的 衍 生 物
醇
含 氧 衍 生 物
酚 醛 酮 羧酸
酯等
烷烃(alkanes) 直链烷烃：英文名称除了含1到4个碳原子以外，其余均用希腊
90 alkane:nonacontane
100 alkane:hectane
含支链烷烃和烷基 烷基：只需要把烷烃的后缀ane换成-yl加在相应烷烃的字 首后 如：CH3- methyl CH3-CH2- ethyl CH3-(CH2)9-CH2 undecyl
还有一些烷基也可以在相应的烃名前加iso-(异)、sec-仲、tert-叔、
和拉丁文的数词加上相应的词尾来命名(烷烃:ane;烯烃: ene;炔 烃:yne),10个碳原子以上的则在数词前加前缀un、do、 tri、 tetra、 penta等。 例如：甲烷：methane 乙烷：ethane 丙烷：propane 丁烷：butane 庚烷：heptane 癸烷：decane 具体来说：11~19：数字前缀-decane 十一烷：undecane 十二烷：dodecane 十三烷：tridecane 十四烷：tetradecane 戊烷：pentane 己烷：hexane 辛烷：octane 壬烷：nonane
丁二烯 butadiene
丁三烯 butatriene
同时还有双键和三键的烷类成为烯炔，命名时烯在前，炔在后， 双键的编号写在前面，三键的定位号写在表示炔烃词尾前
CH3-CH=CH-C ≡ CH
化学专业英语命名
6
Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts
1. Single valence ions
Cation’s name = Element for example: Na+ Sodium K+ Potassium Al3+ Aluminum Ca2+ Calcium
7
2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N) For example: Fe2+ Fe3+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn4+ Mn2+ Iron(II) or Ferrous Iron(III) or Ferric Chromium(II) Chromium(III) Manganese(IV) Manganese(II)
13
CO32- Carbonate
(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite ) Anion’s name = Central element’s root -ite for example: ClO2- Chlorite PO33- Phosphite SO32Sulfite IO2- Iodite NO2- Nitrite
12
2. Polyatomic oxyanions
(1). Acid radicals for normal salt (正酸根 -ate ) Anion’s name = Central Element’s root -
ate
for example: ClO3- Chlorate PO43- Phosphate SO42Sulfate IO3NO3Iodate Nitrate
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•
•
酸酐 （Acid anhydrides）: oic anhydride 乙酸酐－ethanoic anhydride (acetic anhydride)
Nomenclature of Derivative
The order of precedence of serval functional group
• • •
不饱和醛：-enal H2C=CH-CHO: propenal CHO-CH=(CH3)CCH2CH2CH=C(CH3)CHO 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal. 酮（Ketones）酮作母体: -one 丙酮－2-propanone； 4-甲基-3-己酮－4-methyl-3-hexanone ２-甲基-环己酮－2-methyl-cyclohexanone
b en zo ic acid b u tan ed io ic acid
• 酰卤（Acid halides） -oyl 乙酰氯：CH3COCl ethanoyl chloride (acetyl chloride) 苯甲酰溴： benzoyl bromide （benzene） 酰胺：乙酰胺：acetamide
Nomenclature of Hydrocarbon
• 烯烃 (Alkenes)：-ene 乙烯－ethene；丙稀－propene；戊烯－pentene. 双键的位置：2-pentene；2-methyl-2-pentene. 1,3－丁二烯－1,3-butadiene • 烯烃基（alkylene） • 乙烯基：vinyl 氯乙烯－vinyl chloride • 炔烃(Alkynes)：-yne 乙炔－ethyne 丙炔－propyne; 4-甲基-2-己炔－4-methyl-2-hexyne
Nomenclature of Derivative
• 酯（Esters）
The examples of derivation of names of esters
Stru ctu ral fo rm u la A lk yl g ro u p attach ed to o x yg en C H 3C O 2C 2H 5 eth yl eth an o ic acid (acetic acid ) C 6 H 5 C O O C H (C H 3 ) (C H 2 C O O C 2 H 5 ) 2
2
N am e o f carb o x ylic acid
N am e o f ester
eth yl eth an o ate (eth yl acetate) iso p ro p yl b en zo ate d ieth yl b u tan ed io ate
iso p ro p yl d ieth yl
3-羰基-丁醇－3-hydroxy-butanone 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid 苯甲酸－benzoic acid
Nomenclature of Derivative
• 酯（Esters）
The examples of derivation of names of esters
Stru ctu ral fo rm u la A lk yl g ro u p attach ed to o x yg en C H 3C O 2C 2H 5 eth yl eth an o ic acid (acetic acid ) C 6 H 5 C O O C H (C H 3 ) (C H 2 C O O C 2 H 5 ) 2
Unit Two Inorganic Chemistry
Lesson One The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
Prefixes mono- or monditritetra- or tetrpenta- or pent-
Number of Atoms 1
Nomenclature of Derivative
• 醇（Alcohols）：-ol
乙醇－ethanol, 异丙醇－iso-propanol, HOCH2CH2OH: 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol); CH3CH(OH)CH2OH: 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol); HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH: 1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol).
b en zo ic acid b u tan ed io ic acid
• 酰卤（Acid halides） -oyl 乙酰氯：CH3COCl ethanoyl chloride (acetyl chloride) 苯甲酰溴： benzoyl bromide （benzene） 酰胺：乙酰胺：acetamideen t H ex H ept O ct N on D ec
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
U n d ec D o d ec T rid e c Te tra d e c P en ta d e c H e x ad e c h e p ta d e c O c ta d e c N o n ad e c E ic o s
•
Nomenclature of Derivative
• • 羧酸 (Carboxylic acid) 饱和酸：-anoic acid 甲酸－methanoic acid (俗名：formic acid); 乙酸－ethanoic acid (俗名：acetic acid) 3-甲基-丁酸－3-methyl-butanoic acid 不饱和酸： -enoic acid 丙烯酸－2-propenoic acid; 3-苯基-2-丙烯酸－3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid 5-羟基-己酸－ 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid 5-羰基-己酸－5-oxo-hexanoic acid 二羧酸：-dioic acid 柠檬酸－2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid (citric acid)
醚（Ethers） • 烷烃为母链，烷氧基为取代基(OR)， 烷氧基的命名：数字前缀加oxy, 如甲氧基：methoxy; 乙氧基 ethoxy; C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C－propoxybutane. • 氧两边的烷基为取代基，醚作母链： 丙基丁基醚－propyl butyl ether 特例： 乙醚－ CH3CH2OCH2CH3: diethyl ether, ethyl ether, ether
• 氧化物： oxide (oxygen); • 氮化物： nitride (nitrogen) ； •五氧化二磷：diphosphoric pentoxide; •氧化二氮： dinitrogen oxide •五氧化二氮： dinitrogen pentoxide
2
N am e o f carb o x ylic acid
N am e o f ester
eth yl eth an o ate (eth yl acetate) iso p ro p yl b en zo ate d ieth yl b u tan ed io ate
iso p ro p yl d ieth yl
Nomenclature of Hydrocarbon
• Prefixs used in the IUPAC system to indicate one to 20 carbon atoms in a chain
P re fix n u m b e r o f c a rb o n a to m s P re fix n u m b e r o f c a rb o n a to m s
Nomenclature of Chemical substance
Nomenclature of Hydrocarbon
• International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) The IUPAC name of an alkane with an unbranched chain of carbon atoms consists of two parts: －－a prefix that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the chain; －－ the ending that indicates the species
Nomenclature of Derivative
• • • 胺（Amines） 以胺为母体－amine; 乙胺－ethylamine; 丙胺－propylamine 以胺为取代基：amino-；乙胺－aminoethane; 丙胺－aminopropane (CH3)2CHCH2CH2NH2－1-amino-3-methylbutane (isopentylamine) CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2NHCH3－N-methyl-1-amino-2-methylpentane NH2(CH2)6NH2 －1,6-diaminohexane (hexamethylenediamino) • 如有几个取代基，胺基作amino-；4-胺基苯酚－4-aminophenol. • 苯胺：aniline；４-氯-苯胺－4-chloroaniline (p-chloroaniline) • 四甲基氢氧化铵：Tetramethylammonium hydroxide • 三甲基戊基碘化铵 trimethylpentylammonium iodide
Fu n ctio n al g ro u p -C O O H -C H O -C O -O H -N H 2 -S H S u ffix if h ig h er p reced ence -o ic -al -o n e -o l -a m in e -th io l D ecreasin g ↓ p reced en ce oxooxoh yd ro x ylam in m ercap to P refix if lo w er p reced en ce