以《哈克贝利费恩历险记》为例分析马克吐温的写作风格 大学论文
马克吐温的写作风格 以《哈克贝利弗恩历险记》为例
中国地质大学江城学院An Analysis of the Writing Styles ofMark Twain-----The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn姓名：专业：英语班级：学号：授课教师：摘要：马克·吐温,美国作家。
本名塞谬尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯。
马克·吐温是其笔名。
出生于密西西比河畔小城汉尼拔的一个乡村贫穷律师家庭. 美国现实主义者作家的杰出代表和幽默家，马克·吐温写的作品通常是关于他个人的经验和他从第一手的经验所知道的事。
马克吐温所创造的有史以来最好的作品 -----《哈克贝利·芬历险记》。
它讲述了1850年左右。
故事发生在无人居住的荒野和森林茂密的密西西比河沿岸。
故事是描写小顽童哈克遇到逃离主人的小黑奴吉姆，两人为了躲避一场杀人误会，乘坐一条小木筏沿著密西西比河顺流而下，碰到了各种有趣的遭遇。
而哈克为了应否协助黑奴逃亡也时常内心交战，最后，哈克改变自己对黑人的偏见，竭尽所能地帮助吉姆，并和吉姆成为了好朋友。
马克·吐温的传世佳作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》，为美国小说的语言带来意义深远的变化，奠定了美国文学口语化风格的基础。
它文笔清新，不事雕琢，词汇和句法简单朴素，语言直接、准确、简明，颇有浑然天成的意味；长句极其少见，句子多为简单句或并列复合句，有时甚至不合语法规则。
而且字句和结构重复出现，使文字生动活泼，获得回旋复沓、蕴涵幽深的效果。
马克·吐温的风格开创了美国小说语言口语化的先河，对后世作家产生了巨大影响。
全篇的现实主义描绘和浪漫主义抒情交相辉映，尖锐深刻的揭露、幽默辛辣的讽刺以及浪漫传奇的描写浑然一体，形成了马克·吐温独特的艺术风格。
关键词：马克·吐温《哈克贝利弗恩历险记》写作风格通俗语讽刺影响AbstractMark Twain, pseudorym of Samuel Langhone Clemens, was brought up in the town of Hannibal, Missouri, near the Mississi ppi River. As one of America‟s first and foremost realists and humorists, Mark Twain usually wrote about his own personal experiences and things he knew about from firsthand experience. His life spanned the two Americas, the frontier America and the emerging urban, industrial giant of the twenty-century.The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is《The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn》. It tells a story about the United States before the Civil War, around 1850.The story takes place along the Mississippi River, on both sides of which there was unpopulated wilderness and a dense forest. It relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and, more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with him and helping him as best he could, changes his mind, his prejudice about black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friend as well.The famous masterpiece 《The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn》，has brought significant change to the American novel ,and laid the foundation of the American literary colloquial style. Its pure and fresh and writing style,Write in an inornate style, using simple vocabulary and syntax , direct, precise and concise language, quite have integrated with mean; Direct and accurate, concise language, which is quite unaware tiancheng imply. He scarcely use long sentence, mostly are simple sentence or tied for complex sentences, and sometimes the sentences even not grammar rules. Letters and structure used repeatly, which make the characters lively, get swing after moving swiftly enough, contain a deep effect. Mark Twain was the pionner who started use colloquia in the novel , which has a great influence on the latter writers.Sharply exposed ,humor and bitter irony ,and romantic legend depictions of one integrated mass, Form the Mark Twain unique artistic style.Key words:Mark Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn writing style Colloquial Language Satire influence目录1、Abstract2、Bibliography2.1 Baym Nina：The Norton Anthology of American Literature, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc, 19982.2 Forrest G. Robinson：The Cambridge Companion To Mark Twain，Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press3、Analyzing Two Writing Styles of Mark Twain3.1Vernacular and Colloquial Language in The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn3.2 Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn3.3 A Combination of Colloquial Language and Satire4、The Significance of Mark Twain’s Writing Styles5、ConclusionC C O O N N T T E E N N T T S SAnalyzing Two Writing Styles of Mark Twain (in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) Mark Twain was the first important writer to consistently use the American speech rather than England‟s English. His honor, whether it was aim ed at pure entertainment or at social satire, was irresistible. His realism, and details influenced many later American novelists. That was why Ernest Hemingway once said “all modern American literatures came from one book written by Mark Twain called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” And it became Twain‟s masterpiece. Mark Twain‟s three years‟ life on that returned to the Mississippi left such a fond memory with him that returned to the theme more than once in his writing career. Huckleberry Finn is a v eritable recreation of living models, and is Huck‟s book, not Jim‟s. The two major characters, Huck and Jim, represent the two sides of the dilemma: Huck strikes out for an absolute freedom, while Jim requires, in order to gain his own freedom, that Huck q ualify his freedom by entering into the pursuit of Jim‟s. It starts out as a comedy , an …As You Like It‟ with a hero drawn from the bottom of society rather than the top. Huck and his father, Jim, the swindlers(the Duke and the Dauphin), colonel sherburn and the drunkard Boggy-all these characters prototypes in real life. The portrayal of individual incidents and characters achieved intense verisimilitude of detail. Serious problems are being discussed through the narration of a little illiterate boy. The fact that the wilderness juxtaposed with civilization, the people half wild and half civilized, many of whom are worse, vulgar, are brutal. As for the style of the book, the form is based on the simplest of all novel-forms, the so-called picaresque novel, or novel of the road, which strings its incidents on the line of the hero‟s travels. But, in this novel, rivers are roads that move, and the movement of the road in its own mysterious life transmutes the primitive simplicity of the from: the road itself is the greatest character in this novel of the road, and the hero‟s departures from the river and his returns to it compose a subtle and significant pattern. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn shows us the major achievements of his art: the masterful use of dialects; humor and pathos,innocence and evil. This novel demonstrates his ability to capture the enduring, archetypal, mythic images of America and to create the most memorable characters in all of American fiction.Use of Colloquial LanguageThe book is written in a colloquial style, in the general standard speech of uneducated Americans. Moreover, the prose of Huckleberry Finn established the prose virtues of American colloquial speech. It has something to do with ease and freedom in the use of language. Most of all, it has to do with the structure of the sentence, which is simple, direct, and fluent, maintaining the rhythm of the word‟s group of speech and the intonations of the speaking voice. Mark Twain‟s colloquial style has influenced a large number of American writers.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn displays the major achievements of his art: the carefully controlled point of view, with its implicit ironies expressed through the voice of a semiliterate boy: the masterful use of dialects: the felicitous balancing of nostalgic humorist and realism, humor and pathos, innocence and evil, all united for a journey down the Mississippi that serves as the mythic center of the novel. This novel demonstrates his ability to capture the enduring, archetypal, mythic images of America and to create the most memorable characters in all of American fiction. Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnSatire is a way of criticizing people or ideas in a humorous way to show that they have faults or are wrong, or a piece of writing or play, which uses this style. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain shows satire on southern culture before the civil war, when the Mississippi valley was still being settled. Twain blended two different subjects, the experience of westward expansion and the experience of southern slavery. And he wrote about both regains of the country. His attitudes toward the south were much less pleasant than his attitudes toward the west, because he confronted the south problem of slave of mistreatment of humans by humans. Through the change of the white boy Huck‟s attitude toward Jim, a runaway black slave, Twain condemned racial discrimination. Twain made fun of typical American values, yet underneath he felt a brooding pessimism not only about American valuablebut also about life itself. It was a dreadful thing to see Human beings be awful cruel to one another. Due to Twain‟s own experience, satire is successfully used in this novel. There‟s one significant scene which should be r emembered, Huck Finn witnesses many instances of cruelty, brutality and hypocrisy in the township along the river Here are four points about his satire in this novel.Vernacular LanguageMark Twain wrote in his unpretentious, colloquial, and poetic style. He used vernacular language, dialect with spelling representing pronunciation. Part of this comes from his interest in humor. The directness of the language is a very influential point in Twain‟s style. Ernest Hemingway in the 20th century said that h e had learnt his craft from Mark Twain because if the direct speech and the direct narration that Twain was able to achieve. The hoax and tall tale are also part of twain‟s style. Hoax is writing something fantastic and pretending that it were true, much like the tall tale. It tolls as if it were true, and so the reader would laugh that any body could believe such preposterous things, the burlesque making fun of establishes ways of writing. Mark Twain said, “I amend dialect stuff by talking and talking i t till it sounds right.” He wanted his writing to have the sound of easy-going speech. In Huckleberry Finn the fountainhead of the American colloquial prose, he wrote seven different dialects and each can be distinguished. If the reader is a linguist, he can examine the different pronunciations that Twain has shown. In his own time, dialect writing was considered humorous. People got a big laugh out of reading these misspell words. Another feature of the book, which helps to make it famous is its language. The book is written in the colloquial style in the general standard speech of uneducated Americans.. Mark Twain‟s introductory note on accents is an indication of his conscious attempt to achieve accurate detail. “In this book,” he says, “a number of dialects are used, to wit: the Missouri Negro dialect; the extreme forms of the backwoods southwestern dialect; the ordinary …pike country‟ dialect; and four modified varieties of this last. The shadings have not been done in a haphazard fashion, or by guesswork; but painstakingly, and with the trustworthy guidance andsupport of personal familiarity, with these several forms of speech.” “Painstaking ” and “not haphazard,” though they possess a humorous ring, denote the conscientious effort on the part of the au thor, and trustworthiness and familiarity and the author‟s awareness of dialects in using which reveal his attempt to reproduce actual daily speech with a degree of accuracy. A recent and very influential recasting of Huck‟s vernacular voice has identified. We may quote a passage from this masterpiece as an illustration:“I took the sack of corn meal and took it to where the canoe was hid, and shoved the vines and branches apart and put it in; then I done the same with the side of bacon; then the whisky-jug. I took all the coffee and sugar there was, and all the ammunition;I took the wadding; I took the bucket and gourd; took a dipper and a tin cup, and my old son and two blankets, and the skillet and the coffee-pot/ I took fish lines and matches and other things- everything that was worth a cent. I cleaned out the place I wanted an ax, but there wasn‟t any, only the one out at woodpile, and I know why I was going to leave that. I fetched out the gun, and now I was done.”The words used here are, p erhaps “ammunition” which is etymologically French, mostly Anglo-Saxon in origin, and are short, concrete and direct in effect. Sentence structures are most of them simple or compound, with a series of “then” and “ands” and semi-colons serving as connectiv es. The repetition of the word “took” and the stringing together of things leave the impression that Mark Twain depend solely on the concrete object and action for the body and movement of his prose. What is more, there is an ungrammatical element, which gives the final finish to his style. The whole book approximates the actual speech habit of an uneducated boy from south American of the mid-nineteenth century.The vernacular language in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn initiated the new style of language in American novels, and has had significant influence upon American writers of later generations.A Combination of Colloquial Language and SatireTo sum up, fundamentally, Twain is a great American writer. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an outstanding novel; one of the most successful writing styles is a combination of colloquial language and satire. In fact, most of Twain‟s works are the combination of bothcolloquial language and satire, but The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was a case in point. On the other hand, it is his masterpiece as a humorist while the novel also can be eyed as a satire on sentimentality and Romanticism on the other. We have ever seen colloquial language and satire in some works, but no one‟s writing is so appropriate like Twain‟s. It displays American culture out of the ordinary and the attitude toward the entire society. In this book, the author use the first character to narrate, meanwhile colloquial language as the main writing language has come into the stage, in order to have the effect on vivid writing, satire is come out. In this situation, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn displays the major achievements of his art: writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience.The Significance of Mark Twain’s Writing StylesColloquial language and satire are so important in this novel. This image of the quintessential American writing is not really literary goes along with a vision of the great American novel but as a sort of spontaneous telling of unmediated experience. In the same passage Hemingway explains that he has never been able to read Thoreau for being unable to read literary naturalists, only those who are extremely accurate. There aren‟t nothing more to write about, and I am rotten glad of it, remarks Huck at the end of his story. The heart of Twain‟s achievement is his creation of Huck Finn, who embodies that mythic America, midway between the wilderness and the modern super state. That was why Ernest Hemingway once said “all modern American literatures came from one book written by Mark Twain called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” And it became Twain‟s masterpiece. In short, neither enlightenment nor retrospection elevates the style or the philosophy of Huckleberry Finn‟s narrator into the high culture that has placed the work itself at its pinnacle. ConclusionAs one of America‟s first and foremost realists and humorists, Mark Twain usually wrote about his own personal experiences and things he knew about from firsthand experience. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Twain‟s best book because, for whatever reasons, he brought together in it, with the highest degree of artistic balance, those most fundamental dualities running through his work and life from start to finish. Most of all it has to do with the structure of the sentence, which is simple, direct, and fluent, maintaining the rhythm of the word‟s group of speech and the intonations of the speaking voice. Mark Twain‟s colloquial sty le has influenced a large number of American writers. Twain depicted mostly the lower class of society. Meanwhile, local color mixed romantic plots with realistic descriptions of things which were readily observed, i.e. with the customs, dialects, sights, smell and sounds of regional America. Twain shows satire on southern culture before the civil war, when the Mississippi valley was still being settled. Twain blended two different subjects, the experience of westward expansion and the experience of southern slavery. His contribution to the development of realism and to American literature as a whole was partly through his colloquialism and satire. Commenting on Mark Twain as a social critic, Philip Foner observes that Twain‟s social criticism ranks with tha t of Milton, Swift, Defoe, and Bernard Shaw both in literary quality and influence on public opinion, and that it is an important part of Twain‟s bequest. In this novel, one of the most successful writing styles is a combination of colloquial language and satire, it displays the major achievements of his art: writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience. It is only right that Mark Twain should be remembered both as a great literary artistand a great social critic in the history of the United States.。
从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温小说的写作风格
从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温小说的写作风格（作者:___________单位: ___________邮编: ___________）摘要：马克吐温，美国的幽默大师，十九世纪伟大的作家，现实主义文学的杰出代表，其作品融幽默与辛辣于一体，极富于独特的个人机智与妙语，又不发深刻的社会洞察与剖析，在小说创作方面为美国乃至世界树立了一座新的里程碑。
马克吐温一生创作了大量的作品,其中,《哈克贝利费恩历险记》是他杰出的代表作之一。
本文通过对《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中主人公的冒险经历而体现资产阶级生活方式的腐朽和蓄奴制度的罪恶。
从故事结构、故事主题、人物刻画和语言描写等方面探析这部作品独特的写作风格。
关键词：艺术特点; 情节; 人物刻画; 写作说法; 幽默一、引言《哈克贝利费恩历险记》发生在美国19 世纪50 年代南北战争之后的密西西比河沿岸，故事讲述的是白人孩子哈克和黑奴吉姆如何结下了深厚的友谊。
小说以冒险经历为线索，讲述了反抗拘束，向往自由的白人小孩哈克和试图逃脱奴隶买卖的黑奴吉姆两人结伴沿密西西比河顺流而下，历经各种磨难，寻求心中自由之地的故事。
这部长篇小说无论在写作结构、主题、还是人物刻画和语言等方面都凸显了马克吐温的独特风格，展现了他不受拘束，追求自由的精神境界。
他擅长使用幽默和讽刺，针砭时弊时一针见血，毫不留情，其创作将现实主义的刻画和浪漫主义的抒情和谐地统一。
所以说这部小说比较全面地体现了马克吐温创作的艺术魅力。
二、写作风格分析1. 幽默和辛辣的讽刺融为一体马克吐温开始创作时，正是美国文学中幽默文学的鼎盛时期，他凭借着自己丰富的生活阅历，锐利的眼光，犀利的笔锋，透过那些表面荒谬可笑的现象洞悉事物的内在本质。
所以说他的创作实践不是单纯地为了幽默而幽默，而是将其视为一种抨击当时美国社会不合理社会现实的一种手段。
如：马克吐温描写了国王公爵两个骗子丑陋而滑稽的表演。
他们为了诈取别人的钱财，竟然在光天化日之下干出肆无忌惮而又寡廉鲜耻的勾当：这两个骗子搭起一座戏台，说什么要为大家比哦啊眼从来没有见过的最惊心动魄的好戏。
从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温的写作风格 Analysis of the Writing Styles of Mark Twain in the Ad
从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温的写作风格Analysis of the Writing Styles of Mark Twain in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn从《哈克贝利??费恩历险记》看马克??吐温的写作风格Analysis of the Writing Styles of Mark Twainin the Adventures of Huckleberry FinnAbstractMark Twain, father of modern American literature, is an outstanding representative of American writers of realism in the nineteenth century. He is both a master of humor and a great novelist and establishes a new milestone for America and the world in the field of literature. As the masterpiece of Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn marks the cli of Twain’s literary creativity. Hemingway once described the novel the one book from which “all modern American literature comes.” For more than one century, this novel has been listed in the canon of great novels. Works and articles of criticism on this novel have been numerous.On the textual analysis of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, this paper is intended to study the writing Styles of Mark Twain. In this novel, one of the most successful writing styles is a combination of colloquial language and satire. At the same time, the novel is also noted for itsunpretentious, poetic style, wide-ranging humor, and its universally shared dream of perfect innocence and freedom. All these writing styles have been analyzed in this paper.Key Words：Mark Twain; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; the writing styles内容摘要马克??吐温（1835―1910）是美国十九世纪伟大的作家，也是美国现实主义文学的杰出代表。
浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的叙事手法
浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的叙事手法《哈克贝利费恩历险记》是马克·吐温创作的一部描写美国南方农村生活的经典小说。
小说通过主人公哈克贝利·费恩的视角，展现了他的成长历程以及对社会问题的思考。
在这部小说中，吐温巧妙地运用了多种叙事手法，为读者呈现了一个生动而深刻的故事。
本文将对《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的叙事手法进行浅析。
首先，吐温在小说中运用了第一人称叙事的手法。
整个故事都是通过哈克贝利·费恩的视角来展开的，读者可以跟随他的思维和感受一同体验他的历险之旅。
第一人称叙事使得故事更具有亲近感和真实感，读者能够更好地理解和感同身受哈克的内心世界。
通过哈克的眼睛，读者可以看到种族歧视、人性善恶等社会问题的揭露和批判，深刻地反映了当时美国社会的现实。
另外，吐温还采用了对话的方式进行叙事。
小说中充满了各种角色之间的对话，这样的叙事形式使得故事更加生动活泼。
通过对话，读者可以更加直观地了解人物之间的关系以及他们的性格特点。
同时，对话也是作者表达思想观点的重要手段，通过角色之间的对白，吐温巧妙地传达了自己对社会现象的看法和思考，使得故事更加有力度和说服力。
此外，吐温还常常使用夸张和幽默的手法来叙事。
他通过夸张的细节和离奇的情节，为读者创造了一个充满幻想和想象力的世界。
比如，在小说中，哈克和吉姆一同逃亡时，遇到了种种奇幻的事情，这些情节给读者带来了欢乐和惊喜。
吐温的幽默语言和调侃的笔调也成为了小说的一大特点，为整个故事增添了许多轻松和愉快的氛围。
最后，吐温还善于利用描写的手法来叙事。
在书中，他对自然景物、人物形象和社会背景进行了生动而详细的描绘。
通过精彩而细致的描写，读者可以身临其境地感受到哈克的冒险过程，感受到他的忐忑不安和胆怯。
同时，这些描写也为整个故事提供了丰富的背景和细节，使得读者更能够真切地理解和体验故事的情节。
综上所述，《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的叙事手法丰富多样，构建了一个鲜活的故事世界。
从《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》看马克.吐温作品中的美国地方特色主义理念的体现
从《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》看马克.吐温作品中的美国地方特色主义理念的体现2010-10-13 地方特色主义是19世纪中晚期在美国南方作家中流行的一种写作风格。
这种风格的产生依赖于大量使用特定地区方言俚语、地方生活习惯及情景。
在《崩溃的偶像》里,哈姆林·加兰将地方特色注意定义为"这样的结构和背景是没有任何地方的任何人可以准确地描绘出来的,除了土生土长的美国人"。
加兰所说的"结构"是指具有本土文化特征的元素,"背景"包括自然背景和哪些与众不同的而且塑造了人类思想和行为的风貌。
地方特色主义的最终目标是将本土世界的特点描述出来,使之与外面的世界区分开来。
到1880年,这类题材的小说达到了大众喜欢的最高峰。
著名乡土文学专家马克·吐温的作品《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》(1884)被称为美国第一步伟大的小说,并且是第一步用方言写作的小说。
该小说真实展示和演绎了密西西比河沿岸的人和物,以第一人称的角度描述了白人孩子哈克帮助黑人逃奴获得自由地历险经历。
自1884年第一次出版,该书就取得巨大成功并一直被认为是西方文学与文明的巨著之一,同时也是地方特色主义文学的经典之作。
在这部小数里,吐温在人物形象、语言特色和主题思想三个方面,都体现了他的地方特色主义的理念。
一、人物形象——变首先选择13岁左右的白人少年哈克和黑奴吉姆作为小说的主人公本身就是一种突破,是非常有意义的。
哈克从小没有受过家庭、学校和社会的教育,是真正的放荡不羁的角色;而吉姆是勇敢坚强、忠诚无私、向往自由的黑人形象。
这样的主要人物形象在当时的主流小说里并不常见,但却是当时动乱的美国南部密西西比河地区人们的一些缩影。
故事发生在大约1850年美国内战前夕,那时人们正移居到密西西比山谷中,这里的美国充满着暴力和残酷,然而却仍保留着"一些简单、天真和安宁"。
在哈克生活的这个密西西比河岸的小镇,人们有着小地方主义的保守和狭隘。
从《哈克贝利 费恩历险记》看马克 吐温的人道主义
从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温的人道主义从《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》看马克·吐温的人道主义马克·吐温是美国文学史上最具影响力的作家之一，他的作品以幽默、讽刺和人性深思著称。
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是他最著名的作品之一，通过描述小说中主人公哈克的冒险经历，吐温揭示了当时美国社会的丑陋面貌，并深刻表达了他的人道主义观点。
在小说中，哈克是一个孤儿，成长于一个落后、种族歧视严重的南方城镇。
小说以他与逃离奴隶制的吉姆一起展开的冒险为线索，探讨了种族歧视、奴隶制度以及人性的诸多问题。
吐温通过哈克的经历，揭示了当时社会的不公正和偏见，并倡导了人道主义思想。
首先，吐温通过描写哈克与吉姆之间的友谊，表达了对人性的关怀和尊重。
哈克和吉姆来自不同的社会阶层和种族，他们的友谊被社会所不容，但哈克在吉姆身上看到了对方的善良和真实的自我。
吉姆为哈克默默付出，即使在哈克对吉姆的身份产生怀疑时，吉姆始终保持善良和慈爱。
通过这种纯真而真挚的友谊，吐温呼吁人们超越种族和社会框架，以人性的善良和真诚来对待他人。
其次，吐温通过描绘南方社会的黑暗面，抨击了奴隶制度和种族歧视。
小说中，哈克亲眼目睹了黑奴吉姆受到的不公正和残酷对待。
吉姆被视为财产，缺乏基本的人权和尊严。
吐温用生动细腻的笔触描写了吉姆的苦难和内心挣扎，揭示了奴隶制度对人性的摧残。
通过这种描写，吐温激发了读者对人道主义的思考，强调了奴隶制度的残酷和种族歧视的错误。
最后，吐温通过哈克的成长和思考，反思了道德价值观和社会偏见。
哈克在冒险过程中经历了一系列的考验和困惑，他开始质疑当时社会的价值观和道德准则。
哈克逐渐认识到，许多社会规范和传统观念并不一定是正确和公正的。
他勇敢地选择了根据自己的良知行事，帮助吉姆逃离奴隶制度的束缚。
吐温通过哈克的成长和觉醒，表达了自己对人性和正义的理解和坚持。
综上所述，马克·吐温在《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中展现了他的人道主义思想。
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》写作风格赏析
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》写作风格赏析第一篇：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》写作风格赏析《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》写作风格赏析《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》描述了白人孩子哈克和黑奴吉姆如何结下深厚友谊的故事。
哈克为了逃避酒鬼父亲的虐待，逃到小岛上，巧遇逃奴吉姆，两人于是结伴而行，试图从密西西比河上逃往北方的自由州。
哈克受反动教育影响，觉得不应该帮助逃奴，但是在后来的漂流生活中，逐渐被吉姆善良无私的性格所感动，表示宁肯冒着下地狱的危险，也要帮助吉姆得到自由。
他们一路上历尽艰险，遭遇民队的追捕、骗子的虐待以及各种自然灾害。
在两人的同心协力下，所有艰险均被化解。
最终，哈克在好朋友汤姆的帮助下救出了被骗子卖掉的吉姆，并得知女主人在遗嘱中已宣布解除吉姆的奴隶身份。
小说中，马克·吐温借哈克之口，直观具体地叙述孩子的真实感受，自己并没有站出来宣讲主题、表明倾向。
这样，不同读者对作品的倾向有了不同的理解，对小说中的暗示、象征也作了不同的阐释。
所以，这部小说也比较全面地体现了马克·吐温创作的艺术魅力。
首先，作品通过主人公的“游记”经历反映了当时社会的阴暗面。
在小说中，平静清新、生机勃勃的密西西比河与河岸上的世俗刻板、虚伪冷酷构成了鲜明对比：木筏上的逍遥惬意，河岸上的奔波劳碌；哈克与吉姆之间相互尊重、平等不分种族、患难与共不分彼此的友谊，河岸上种族、地位等世俗上的欺诈争斗等等，通过游记过程中的对比，凸现了河岸生活所代表的当时所谓的文明社会的阴暗面。
比如人与人之间的冷漠、尔虞我诈，骗子敲诈欺骗，流氓火拼，世仇械斗，地头蛇枪杀无辜，小混混热衷闹事等等，一副社会全景就在哈克与吉姆的旅途中展现出来了。
马克·吐温的艺术才华是多方面的。
小说的艺术描写表现了他独特的艺术风格。
最突出的就是“马克·吐温式的幽默”———含有深刻的讽刺和批判的成份，并服从于刻画特殊人物需要的幽默。
从《哈克贝利费恩历险记》看马克吐温小说的艺术特点
Part Six
社会讽刺和批判
《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中的社会讽刺和批判分析
讽刺了种族歧视 和奴隶制
批判了社会道德 和宗教虚伪
揭示了社会不公 和人性弱点
通过幽默和夸张 手法强化讽刺和 批判效果
马克吐温如何通过社会讽刺和批判展现艺术特点
讽刺手法：通过 对社会现象的夸 张和扭曲，揭示 了社会的丑恶和 不公
主题和情节
《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的主题和情节分析
主题：揭示了社会现实和人性的弱点
情节：哈克贝利和吉姆的逃亡之旅，展现温如何通过情节展现艺术特点
情节曲折多变，引人入胜 幽默诙谐，讽刺意味十足 人物形象鲜明，个性突出 语言简练明快，富有表现力
Part Four
添加章节标题
Part Two
引言
《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的背景和影响
创作背景：马克吐温对奴隶制度的 痛恨和社会道德的批判
主题思想：对自由、民主和人性的 追求
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
作品影响：对美国文学和世界文学 的深远影响
艺术特色：独特的叙事风格和幽默 讽刺手法
马克吐温小说的艺术特点概述
胜。
批判现实主义： 马克吐温的作品 深刻地揭示了当 时美国社会的种 种弊端，通过讽 刺和批判来反映
现实。
人物塑造多样化： 马克吐温的小说 中人物形象各具 特色，他通过描 绘不同的人物性 格和命运来反映
社会现实。
叙事技巧高超： 马克吐温的小说 在叙事上采用了 多种手法，如倒 叙、闪回等，使 得故事情节更加 紧凑、引人入胜。
幽默讽刺：马克吐温的小说常常以幽默诙谐的语言，揭示社会的荒诞和不合理现象。 人物刻画：马克吐温善于刻画人物形象，通过人物塑造反映社会现实。 叙事风格：他的小说采用独特的叙事方式，语言简洁明快，情节紧凑引人入胜。 社会批判：马克吐温的作品常常对当时的社会制度、道德观念和种族歧视进行批判。
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目录前言 (1)一写作风格分析及作品的反响 (2)（一) 写作风格分析 (2)1.通俗畅晓、朴素浅白的方言式口语 (2)2.第一人称的故事叙述 (3)3.融为一体的幽默与讽刺 (3)4.现实中正义与非正义矛盾心理的精心刻画 (4)5.思想性与艺术统一性 (5)（二) 对文学界的影响 (5)1.小说的需求扩大 (5)2.对当时美国文学氛围的影响 (6)3.在西方文学界的反响 (6)（一) 对于中国文学界的影响 (7)（二) 对世界各国的意义 (7)结束语 (8)参考文献 (9)致谢 (10)摘要：马克•吐温-美国文学史上的一位巨匠，美国批判现实主义的奠基人，一生创作颇丰。
《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》是其代表作之一，一直被看作是美国文学的经典之作。
小说中以第一人称的口吻讲述了了流浪儿哈克在密西西比河及河畔的所见所闻。
小说中马克吐温以各种方言土语，极尽幽默与讽刺形成了其独特的写作风格，深刻揭露了当时的社会现实。
关键词：马克•吐温，小说，写作风格，社会现实Abstract: Mark Twain-A great master of American literature，American founder of critical realism, have rich produces in his life. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is commonly accounted as one of the greatest American Novels. The novel which use the tone of first person is talking about all that waif Huck saw and heard in the Mississippi River and the riverside. The novels of Mark Twain applied various dialects, his best humor and satire formed its unique style of writing, profoundly revealed the social reality.Key words: Mark Twain, novel, style of writing, the social reality以《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》为例浅析马克吐温的写作风格华南师范大学开放学院 2013级英语教育陈慧敏前言美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，著名作家和评论家豪威尔斯称之为“美国文学史上的林肯”的马克•吐温于一八八四年发表了他最为成功的一部长篇小说之一的《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》。
这是马克•吐温的代表作，是美国文学史上一部优秀的作品，是于英国文学的窠臼中散发出新大陆的清新气息的一笔力作。
美国的文坛硬汉，著名的小说家海明威曾经这样评价这本著作：“所有美国文学，都起自马克•吐温的一本叫做《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》的书。
这是我们中间最好的一本书。
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的故事背景是美国19世纪50年代南北战争之后的密西西比河沿岸，以冒险经历为线索，讲述了为了反抗束缚，向往自由的白人小孩哈克和试图逃脱奴隶买卖的黑奴吉姆两人结伴沿密西西比河顺流而下，历经各种磨难，寻求心中自由之地的故事。
这部小说展示了作者驾驭口语方言，刻画世态人情，勾勒人物性格，白描大河上自然风光的非凡写作功力与才华。
他擅长使用幽默和讽刺，针砭时弊时一针见血，毫不留情，其创作将现实主义的刻画和浪漫主义的抒情和谐地统一。
所以说这部小说比较全面地体现了马克•吐温创作的艺术魅力。
一、写作风格分析及作品的反响（一)写作风格分析1.通俗畅晓、朴素浅白的方言式口语美国独立后六七十年，虽说已有一些文学作品的出版，却让摆脱不了原来的宗主英国文学的影响，无论在文学创作上的内容，主题与风格皆不能形成独具一格的美国特色。
在马克•吐温之前鲜少有人用口语式的语言书写文学作品，而《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》的出版无疑是开创了方言式口语写作的先河，颠覆了传统。
究其原因，就是作者于青少年时代—一生中最为敏感的时期漂流在广阔的密西西比河上，观察者当时美国社会上各种形形色色的人物与事件；与此同时，马克•吐温接触到了社会上的各种人物以及天南地北，南辕北辙的不同方言土语。
在《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》中，马克吐温融合、提炼、吸收大量的方言土语运用了密西西比河的水手行话，正如他所取得笔名所呈现的；密苏里的土人土语、西南边疆地区的方言以及密西西比河流域的普通方言及其四个变种。
就像黑人吉米的语言中存在大量的俚语,如“Dog my cats ef I didn’hear sumf’n”这种独特的方言式表达，形成了独特的美式写作风格。
且马克•吐温用美国人的语言叙述了美国人自己的故事，他所用的语言不再是欧洲人所推崇的“高雅”，即用在古时中国饱读诗书的读书人才能读懂的“之乎者也”。
而是采用了群众们生活时所说的语言，在其基础上加工锤炼而得来的具有美国民族特色的文学语言，《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》的出版确立了方言在美国文学作品上的地位。
2.第一人称的故事叙述在故事叙事过程中，马克•吐温成功的运用了第一人称叙述，让主人公哈克自己讲自己的经历故事，与自传相似，增加了小说的真实性，让读者对他的经历无疑。
纵观全书，从第一句始到最后一句终，都只有一个声音，就是“我”的声音，这个我并非马克•吐温，而是哈克-一个只由十四岁的，天真，诚实的小男孩。
读者跟随着哈克的脚步从备受束缚的地方逃离至密西西比河，开始在河上的漂流时光，以其在密西西比河沿岸的所见所闻，展现了广阔的现实生活，将读者的情感与哈克的情感系于一处，如临其境，也使读者更加的能真实体会到哈克对现实刻板、虚伪的生活的厌恶以及对自由冒险的新生活的热切向往。
亦能从文中对于寡妇对于他的拘束中看出一二，“寡妇的一举一动老师循规蹈矩而且古板沉闷，在她家里我总觉得难受，实在受不了，我就设法溜之大吉，穿回我过去的破衣裳，又钻回我那个大木桶，觉得逍遥自在，心满意足…”马克•吐温精心设计的第一人称叙述的创作手法，使得读者仿若观看电影一般，以清晰地视角，真实的感受体会到了主人公哈克的经历以及心路历程，又能正确的了解美国当时的社会背景以及判断当时的社会现实。
3.融为一体的幽默与讽刺马克•吐温开始创作时，美国的幽默文学正是鼎盛时期，这种文学的根源在西部的口头文学，怪诞，极度夸张是该文学的特色。
当时西部各州的居民、农民、金矿工人、伐木工人中流传中许多荒诞、怪异的、极为有趣的故事和笑话，有不少作家以这些故事及笑话为基础进行创作，但是他们只将这些创作当作是生活中、工作中的一种消遣，以幽默为幽默，没有什么深刻的内在思想内含。
马克•吐温则不然，他不以幽默为幽默，而是将幽默与现实社会中的不良现象结合起来，极尽讽刺的抨击当时美国社会的现状。
用他自己的话说就是“不能一味的逗乐，要有更高的理想。
”基于此思想指导，马克•吐温将美国民间文学不断地剖析，汲取之中的营养，创造出了伟大的文学。
形成了独特的写作风格。
而在《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》中描写了“国王”与“公爵”两个骗子丑陋滑稽的表演，为了诈取他人钱财，他们极尽无耻之道，马克•吐温将其在“舞台”上的表演描写的惟妙惟肖，用极尽夸张的话语，逗人乐的西部幽默结合他丰富的生活经历，锐利的眼光，犀利的笔锋，透过那些表面荒谬可笑的现象洞悉事物的内在本质，讽刺了当时的美国社会，具有深刻的现实含义。
4.现实中正义与非正义矛盾心理的精心刻画马克•吐温来自于中下层社会，更多的能看到资本主义发展过程中的黑暗和不公平现象，特别是蓄奴制的残酷与不人道。
而且当时，白人对黑人的歧视与偏见已经根深蒂固，很难一下子彻底除去，压迫黑人在潜意识里仍然是合情合理的。
主人公哈克和吉姆代表的是珍视友谊追求自由诚实勇敢的正义一方，而岸上以文明自我标榜的虚伪、世仇、欺诈、压迫黑奴代表了非正义一方。
以一个十四岁的小孩子的视角来看待黑人的问题，从现实的角度来说可以说是不成熟地、幼稚地、初级的、潜意识的，但何尝不是可靠的呢？小孩子的思想虽说是不成熟的，在大人或社会的影响下可以说是被改造的，所以才会有那一幕哈克打算写信告发吉姆。
但是，经过流浪的哈克已并非是那个被大人与社会改造的哈克，而是一个向往自由，拥有冒险精神，珍惜友谊的哈克，两个“哈克”内心的较量，代表了非正义一方与正义一方的互博，当哈克决定冲破当时主流社会的种种教化，毅然决然地把写好的告发吉姆的信撕掉，冒天下之大不韪，不顾被“打入地狱”的危险而站在了当时被围追堵截的黑人吉姆一边时，显而易见，正义的一方赢取了胜利，这正是马克•吐温所要表达的不论种族、肤色人人平等的思想，对当时社会现实的反抗。
这种正义与非正义之间的对比，在读者心中更加分明深刻，一针见血。
5.思想性与艺术统一性马克•吐温别处心裁的创作在于他能运用自己在现实中的所见所闻，以及自身的经历，将其描绘成一个个盎然有趣的故事。
小说通过顺流飘荡的一叶木筏体现了密西西比河两岸的图景：凋敝的农村、繁华的城市、贫富的对立、凶恶的世仇、残酷的种族压迫……形象地反映了南北战争前后的美国社会。
小说中对现实生活中的密西西比河沿岸的优美风景，浑然天成的自然景观，惊心动魄的历险故事与资本主义虚伪的“文明”“繁荣”相比较；将充满了探险、充斥了自由思想的新生活与枯燥无味，充满了束缚，到处充斥着教条主义的学校生活作为对比。
丰富的对照生活烘托了真与伪、美与丑、善于恶的教育，而且使小说结构错落有致，摇曳生姿，充满了趣味性、思想性与知识性。
(二)对文学界的影响1.小说的需求扩大对小说的需求扩张到了美国以外的地方。
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》在1884年10月10日在加拿大和英国出版，并于1885年2月18日在美国出版。
1885年，布法罗公共图书馆长詹姆斯·格鲁克(James Fraser Gluck)向马克•吐温索要原稿，希望对方可以赠给图书馆。
2.对当时美国文学氛围的影响就1885年小说出版对文学氛围的影响而言，亨利·史密斯(Henry Nash Smith)写道马克·吐温已经出版了许多其它作品，是个出了名的“专业幽默家”。
史密斯认为对小说而言，“脱掉十九世纪颓废的浪漫主义是必要的行动”，《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》不但展示出“之前难以达到的想象力，而且使用了当地俗语，为二十世纪美国散文和诗歌提供了新的愉悦和能量源泉。
”且被美国“普利策评论奖”获得者乔纳森·维德利推荐为“影响美国特性最大的10本书”之一3.在西方文学界的反响“谁能比奥德修斯更像希腊人？或者比浮士德更像德国人？比唐吉珂德更像西班牙人？比哈克•费恩更像美国人？”这是二十世纪美国著名诗人及文学批评家托•斯•艾略特在一次有关美国美学的讲座中所做的论断。