各种时态的被动态
英语八种时态主动形式和被动形式
一、一般现在时态（Simple Present Tense）1. 主动形式：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
例句：He drinks coffee every morning.（他每天早上喝咖啡。
）2. 被动形式：表示动作的承受者或主语受到动作的影响，常与by短语连用。
例句：Coffee is drunk by him every morning.（咖啡每天早上被他喝。
）二、一般过去时态（Simple Past Tense）1. 主动形式：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。
例句：She studied English last night.（昨晚她学习了英语。
）2. 被动形式：表示过去某个时间主语受到动作的影响。
例句：English was studied by her last night.（昨晚英语被她学习了。
）三、一般将来时态（Simple Future Tense）1. 主动形式：表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或状态。
例句：They will visit their grandparentstomorrow.（他们明天将会去看望他们的祖父母。
）2. 被动形式：表示将来某个时间主语将会受到动作的影响。
例句：The grandparents will be visited by themtomorrow.（明天祖父母将会被他们去看望。
）四、现在进行时态（Present Continuous Tense）1. 主动形式：表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。
例句：They are playing soccer in the park.（他们正在公园里踢足球。
）2. 被动形式：表示主语正在被动作影响的动作或状态。
例句：Soccer is being played by them in thepark.（他们正在公园里踢足球。
）五、过去进行时态（Past Continuous Tense）1. 主动形式：表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作或状态。
不同时态的被动语态的基本形式
不同时态的被动语态的基本形式一、一般现在时的被动语态1、一般现在时的被动语态的形式是“be(am/is/are)+及物动词的过去分词+其他”，比如“aioupic is written in Python”就可以改为“Python is used to write aioupic”。
2、一般现在时的被动语态是用来描述一个事实或某种状态，或动作是定期性发生的，或者动作是普遍存在的，比如“A lot of trees are planted every year”表示这一动作每年都在不断发生。
二、一般过去时的被动语态1、一般过去时的被动语态形式是“was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他”，比如“I built the house two years ago”可以改为“The house was built two years ago by me”。
2、一般过去时的被动语态用来描述动作发生在过去的某个具体时候，比如“The contract was signed yesterday”就表明了这件事是在昨天发生的。
三、现在进行时的被动语态1、现在进行时的被动语态形式是“be(am/is/are)+being+及物动词的过去分词+其他”，比如“I am writing a letter”可以改为“A letter is being written by me”。
2、现在进行时的被动语态用来描述动作正在发生或者正处在进行的过程中的状态，比如“The project is being discussed today”表明了这一动作是今天正在进行发生的。
四、将来时的被动语态1、将来时的被动语态形式是“will/shall/be+going to be+及物动词的过去分词+其他”，比如“I will buy a car”可以改为“A car will be bought by me”。
2、将来时的被动语态用来描述动作将在未来发生，比如“The housewill be renovated next year”表明了这一动作将在明年发生。
十六种时态的被动语态
一般现在时：V（含单三）被动：be P.P= be P.P●一般过去时及其被动语态一般过去时：V-ed被动; be P.P= was/were P.P●一般将来时及其被动语态一般将来时：will/shall Vr被动：be P.P = will/shall be P.P●现在进行时及其被动语态现在：V进行：be V-ing现在进行时：be V-ing被动：be P.P= be being P.P现在：V完成时：have/has P.P现在完成时：have/has P.P被动：be P.P= have/has been P.P●现在完成进行时及其被动语态现在：V完成：have/has P.P进行：be V-ing现在完成进行时：have/has been V-ing被动：be P.P = have/has been being P.P●过去进行时及其被动语态过去：V-ed进行：be V-ing过去进行时：was/were V-ing被动：be P.P= was/were being P.P过去：V-ed完成：have/has P.P过去完成时：had P.P被动：be P.P= had been P.P●过去完成进行时及其被动语态过去：V-ed完成：have/has P.P进行：be V-ing过去完成进行时：had been V-ing被动：be P.P = had been being P.P●将来进行时及其被动语态将来：will/shall Vr进行：be V-ing将来进行时：will/shall be V-ing被动：be P.P = will/shall be being P.P将来：will/shall Vr完成：have/has P.P---------------------------------------------------------将来完成时：will/shall have P.P被动：be P.P= will/shall have been P.P●将来完成进行时及其被动态将来：will/shall Vr完成; have/has P.P进行：be V-ing将来完成进行时：will/shall have been V-ing被动：be P.P = will have been being P.P●过去将来时及其被动语态过去：V-ed将来：will/would Vr过去将来时：would Vr被动：be P.P= would be P.P●过去将来进行时及其被动语态过去：V-ed将来：will/shall Vr进行：be V-ing过去将来进行时：would be V-ing被动：be P.P= would be being P.P●过去将来完成时及其被动语态过去：V-ed将来：will/shall Vr完成：have/has P.P---------------------------------------------------------过去将来完成时：would have P.P被动：be P.P= would have been P.P●过去将来完成进行时及其被动语态过去时：V-ed将来时：will Vr完成时：have P.P进行时：be V-ing--------------------------------------------------------过去将来完进行时：would have been V-ing被动：be P.P= would have been being P.P。
英语八大基本时态及其对应被动语态
过去将来时 2. was/were+ going to do
2. was/were+ going to be+过去分词
句型转换
• • • • • • • • • • All his students love him. He is loved by all his students. My aunt brought me up. I was brought up by my aunt. We will hold an examination next week. An examination will be held next week. We are going to discuss this problem tomorrow. This problem is going to be discussed tomorrow. We have finished this task. This task have been finished.
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
一般过去时
1. am/is/are 2. 动词原形 1. was/were 2. 动词过去式
am/is/are + 过去分词 was/were + 过去分词
现在进行时 过去进行时
am/is/are + am/is/are + doing being+过去分词 was/were + was/were + doing being&• • • • • • 学校图书馆正在建设中。 The school library is being built now. 那座图书馆去年五月的时候正在建设中。 That library was being built last May. 我们来之前已经有人闯入这个屋子了。 This room had been broken into before we came.
16种时态的被动语态
时态语态时态名称的“字眼组合”记忆法：4×4=16时间：现在，过去，将来，过去将来形态：一般，进行，完成，完成进行16种基本时态对应的被动语态1. 现在一般时的构成第一人称：动词原形第二人称：动词原形第三人称：动词原形+s,部分特殊词+es复数人称：动词原形现在一般时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：am + 动词的过去分词第二人称：are + 动词的过去分词第三人称：is + 动词的过去分词复数人称：are + 动词的过去分词2. 现在进行时的构成第一人称：am + 动词的现在分词第二人称：are + 动词的现在分词第三人称：is + 动词的现在分词复数人称：are + 动词的现在分词现在进行时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：am + being + 动词的过去分词第二人称：are + being + 动词的过去分词第三人称：is + being + 动词的过去分词复数人称：are + being + 动词的过去分词3、现在完成时的构成第一人称：have + 动词的过去分词第二人称：have + 动词的过去分词第三人称：has + 动词的过去分词复数人称：have + 动词的过去分词现在完成时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：have + been + 动词的过去分词第二人称：have + been + 动词的过去分词第三人称：has + been + 动词的过去分词复数人称：have + been + 动词的过去分词4、现在完成进行时的构成第一人称：have + been + 动词的现在分词第二人称：have + been + 动词的现在分词第三人称：has + been + 动词的现在分词复数人称：have + been + 动词的现在分词现在完成进行时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：have + been + being + 动词的过去分词第二人称：have + been + being + 动词的过去分词第三人称：has + been + being + 动词的过去分词复数人称：have + been + being + 动词的过去分词5. 过去一般时的构成第一人称：动词的过去式第二人称：动词的过去式第三人称：动词的过去式复数人称：动词的过去式过去一般时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：was + 动词的过去式第二人称：were + 动词的过去式第三人称：was + 动词的过去式复数人称：were + 动词的过去式6、过去进行时的构成第一人称：was + 动词的现在分词第二人称：were + 动词的现在分词第三人称：was + 动词的现在分词复数人称：were + 动词的现在分词过去进行时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：was + being + 动词的过去分词第二人称：were + being + 动词的过去分词第三人称：was + being + 动词的过去分词复数人称were + being + 动词的过去分词7、过去完成时的构成第一人称：had + 动词的过去式第二人称：had + 动词的过去式第三人称：had + 动词的过去式复数人称：had + 动词的过去式过去完成时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：had + been + 动词的过去式第二人称：had + been + 动词的过去式第三人称：had + been + 动词的过去式复数人称：had + been + 动词的过去式8、过去完成进行时的构成第一人称：had + been + 动词的现在分词第二人称：had + been + 动词的现在分词第三人称：had + been + 动词的现在分词复数人称：had + been + 动词的现在分词过去完成进行时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：had + been + being + 动词的过去分词第二人称：had + been + being + 动词的过去分词第三人称：had + been + being + 动词的过去分词复数人称had + been + being + 动词的过去分词9、将来一般时的构成第一人称：will/shall/am going to + 动词原形第二人称：will/are going to + 动词原形第三人称：will/is going to + 动词原形复数人称：will/are going to + 动词原形将来一般时【被动语态】的构成第一人称：will/shall/am going to + be + 动词的过去分词第二人称：will/are going to + be + 动词的过去分词第三人称：will/is going to + be + 动词的过去分词复数人称：will/are going to + be + 动词的过去分词10、将来进行时的构成第一人称：will/shall/am going to + be + 动词的现在分词第二人称：will/are going to + be + 动词的现在分词第三人称：will/am going to + be + 动词的现在分词复数人称：will/are going to + be + 动词的现在分词将来进行时【被动语态】的构成第一人称：will/shall/am going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词第二人称：will/are going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词第三人称：will/am going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词复数人称：will/are going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词11、将来完成时的构成第一人称：will + have + 动词的过去分词第二人称：will+ have + 动词的过去分词第三人称：will+ have + 动词的过去分词复数人称：will+ have + 动词的过去分词将来完成时【被动语态】的构成第一人称：will + have + been + 动词的过去分词第二人称：will+ have + been + 动词的过去分词第三人称：will+ have + been + 动词的过去分词复数人称：will+ have + been + 动词的过去分词12、将来完成进行时的构成第一人称：will + have + been + 动词的现在分词第二人称：will + have + been + 动词的现在分词第三人称：will + have + been + 动词的现在分词将来完成进行时【被动语态】的构成第一人称：will/shall/am going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词第二人称：will/are going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词第三人称：will/am going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词复数人称：will/are going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词13、过去将来一般时的构成第一人称：will/shall/was going to + 动词原形第二人称：will/were going to + 动词原形第三人称：will/was going to + 动词原形复数人称：will/were going to + 动词原形过去将来一般时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：will/shall/was going to + be + 动词的过去分词第二人称：will/were going to + be + 动词的过去分词第三人称：will/was going to + be + 动词的过去分词复数人称：will/were going to + be + 动词的过去分词14、过去将来进行时的构成第一人称：will/shall/was going to + be + 动词的现在分词第二人称：will/were going to + be + 动词的现在分词第三人称：will/was going to + be + 动词的现在分词复数人称：will/were going to + be + 动词的现在分词过去将来进行时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：will/shall/was going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词第二人称：will/were going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词第三人称：will/was going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词复数人称：will/were going to + be + being + 动词的过去分词15、过去将来完成时的构成第一人称：would + have + 动词的过去分词第二人称：would + have + 动词的过去分词第三人称：would + have + 动词的过去分词复数人称：would + have + 动词的过去分词过去将来完成时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：would + have + been + 动词的过去分词第二人称：would + have + been + 动词的过去分词第三人称：would + have + been + 动词的过去分词复数人称：would + have + been + 动词的过去分词16、过去将来完成进行时的构成第一人称：will + have + been + 动词的现在分词第二人称：will + have + been + 动词的现在分词第三人称：will + have + been + 动词的现在分词过去将来完成进行时的【被动语态】构成第一人称：will + have + been + being + 动词的过去分词第二人称：will + have + been + being + 动词的过去分词第三人称：will + have + been + being + 动词的过去分词复数人称：will + have + been + being + 动词的过去分词规律：1、表进行全部有“现在分词”。
各种时态的被动语态构成
各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时: S + am/is /are +Vpp 一般过去时: S + was/were +Vpp 一般将来时: S+ will/shall/is going to+be+ Vpp 过去将来时: S+would+be +Vpp现在进行时: S+ am/is/are + being + Vpp过去进行时: S+ was/were + being+ Vpp现在完成时: S+ have/has + been+ Vpp 过去完成时: S +had +been + Vpp情态动词: S+ can/may/must/should + be+ Vpp1.watch / let / have / hear/ see /notice/help sb + V. 用于被动语态时，to 还原。
2.只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词则没有被动语态。
但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后,变成一个动词短语,相当于一个及物动词,就可以形成被动语态。
3. 没有被动语态的词，表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，另外，像happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了) result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态4. 大多数系动词：be , feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste（尝起来），look(看起来)，等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。
5. 被动语态中，修饰动词的副词放在be形式之后，本身与动词构成词组的位置不变。
E.g. a. The baby is well looked after by the man. / The baby is well taken care of by the man. b. The film is thought highly of by these people.1. (10年高考I 32题)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ____ . A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made2. (10年高考II15题)Linda, make sure that the tables ___ before the guests arrive.A. be setB. setC. are setD. are setting3. (09年高考I 26题)His sister left home in 1998, and ____ since.A. had not been heard ofB. has not been heard ofC. had not heard ofD. has not heard of4. (09年高考II 8题)Progress ____ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be5. (08年高考I 9题)The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ___ to arrive.A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected6. (07年高考I 35题) The flowers were so lovely that they _____ in no time.A. soldB. had been soldC. were soldD. would sell7. (06年高考I 29题) The water _____ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A. was feltB. is feltC. feltD. feels8.(06年高考II 31题) Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _____ yesterday.A. was happeningB. was happenedC. had happenedD. happened9. (05年高考I 33题) The hero’s story _____ differently in the newspapers.A. was reportedB. was reportingC. reportsD. reported10. (04年高考I 28题) Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to ____ before theparty. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 11. (04年高考II 34题) According to the art dealer, the painting ____ to go for at least amillion dollars. A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting12. (04年高考III 25题) --- The window is dirty. ----- I know. It ____ for weeks.A. hasn’t cleanedB. didn’t cleanC. wasn’t cleanedD. hasn’t been cleaned13. (03年高考30题) Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ___ fresh for severaldays. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed14. All those old buildings ______ down tomorrow.A. will be knockedB. will knockC. will have knockedD. knock15. Every possible means ___ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used16. It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days.A. designedB. has been designedC. will be designedD. will have been designed17. Selecting a mobile phone for use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change18. They ___ day and night.A. are made workB. are made to workC. made to be workedD. are making to work19. Dinosaurs ____ about 65 million years ago.A. were disappearedB. are disappearedC. disappearedD. disappear20.The dog ____ the big tree, or it’ll run away.A. has to tie itB. must be tied onC. should tie toD. should be tied to21. - __ the sports meet might be put off. - Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I’ve been toldB. I’ve toldC. I’m toldD. I told22. It is said that pandas _____ in our country year after year.A. are being disappearedB. are disappearingC. will be disappearedD. will disappear23. The accident ______ last week.A. was happenedB. happenedC. is happenedD. are happened24. His Selected Poems _______ in 1970.A. were publishedB. was publishedC. is publishedD. has been published25. That big room _____ for meetings.A. usesB. shall useC. is usingD. can be used26. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ eachyear. A. is washing away B. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away27. The radar sets _____ for a long time without any trouble.A. have been runningB. have been runC. have runD. were running28. Do you remember _____ to Dr. Henry during your last visit?A. to be introducedB. being introducedC. having introducedD. to have introducedII. 单句改错：1. Many new buildings were built since 2000.2. Look! A frog is swallowed by a snake over there.3. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.4. This book is worth being read.5. The baby is being taken care by the parents.6. The boy was made stay at home doing his homework.。
八大时态的被动语态结构
八大时态的被动语态结构
以下是八大时态的被动语态结构：
1. 现在时被动语态（Present Simple Passive）：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词。
2. 过去时被动语态（Past Simple Passive）：主语 + was/were + 过去分词。
3. 将来时被动语态（Future Simple Passive）：主语+ will be + 过去分词。
4. 现在进行时被动语态（Present Continuous Passive）：主语 + am/is/are being + 过去分词。
5. 过去进行时被动语态（Past Continuous Passive）：
主语 + was/were being + 过去分词。
6. 现在完成时被动语态（Present Perfect Passive）：
主语 + has/have been + 过去分词。
7. 过去完成时被动语态（Past Perfect Passive）：主语 + had been + 过去分词。
8. 将来完成时被动语态（Future Perfect Passive）：主语 + will have been + 过去分词。
十六种时态及被动态
语法作业二一般完成进行完成进行现在1.一般现在时do3.现在完成时have done5.现在进行时is doing13.现在完成进行时have been doing过去2.一般过去时did4.过去完成时had done6.过去进行时was doing14.过去完成进行时had been doing将来7.一般将来时will do9.将来完成时will havedone11.将来进行时will be doing15.将来完成进行时will have beendoing过去将来8.一般过去将来时would do10.过去将来完成时would havedone12.过去将来进行时would bedoing16.过去将来完成进行时would have beendoing1.一般现在时A.表示不受时限的客观存在（包括真理，格言等）例：The earth rotates on its axis.B.表示现在的习惯动作（指现在经常发生的动作,，常与频度副词连用）My father often smokes.C.表示现在状态和现在瞬间动作（有一定的持续性，适用于静态动词）What do you think，Tom？D.表示将来时间①I hope,I bet 等句型I hope you have a good time.②make sure，make certain 等句型I’ll make sure that you don’t get lost.③主将从现（常见与某些时间或条件状语从句中）If it rains tomorrow，the plan will be canceled.④和一个时间短语连用以表示已确定的、对将来的安排The boys start school on Monday．⑤表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事（时间表）The train leaves at 10:04 this evening.E.表示过去时间（常见动词tell，say，hear，learn，gather等）I hear poor old Mrs Smith has lost her son.2.一般过去时A.表示过去时间①过去某个时间一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态He left ten minutes ago.②表示过去的习惯动作He worked in a bank all his life.③表示的动作和状态和现在不发生关系，现已不复存在He lived in Shanghai for 20 years.B.表示现在时间和将来时间①表婉转语气(只限于want，wonder，think，hope等少数词）A:Did you want me？B:Yes，I wondered if you could give me some help.②It’s time...,I wish...,I’d rather...等结构后面的that-分句中，以及某些条件句，表示主观设想It’s time you had a holiday.③与现在事实相反的主观设想(虚拟语气）I’d rather you went now.3.现在进行时A.表示说话时正在进行的动作(持续性动作）I am doing my homework now.B.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作①表示现阶段正在做的事，表示短期岗位Jane is studying law while her sister is playing physics.②表示现阶段正在做的事，长期的岗位He is working in the factory.③表示感情色彩John is always complaining that he is not properly paid.④不表示强调，只带上频度状语表示强调Healthy and happy children are always playing.C.表示按计划安排近期内即将发生的动作I am going to Beijing for the summer holiday.I will think about it while you are waiting the report.D.表示刚刚过去的动作I don’t know what you are talking about.E.表示婉转口气I am hoping you will give me some advice.4.过去进行时A.表示过去某时正在进行的动作①连带时间状语，暗示时间关系，过去某个时刻正在进行What were you doing yesterday at seven？②表示过去某个阶段一直在进行They were building a dam last winter.③在描写中引出新的事态和情节I was talking to the librarian this morning，and he said we had to return all the reference books before Saturday.B.表示过去某种习惯的动作Tim was getting up at five every day that week.C .表示情感色彩My brother was always losing his keys.D.表示过去将来时间里的动作He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.E.表示现在时间和将来时间里的动作①婉转口气I was hoping you could give me some advice.②表示主观臆想（某些固定用法0I wish they were not talking so loudly.（虚拟语气）I’d rather you were going home.5.现在完成时A.动作发生在说话之前，现在已经完成了并与现在的情况无关He’s closed the door .B.表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去也可能刚刚结束He has lived in Beijing for five years since 2000.C.表示从过去某时到现在动作发生的次数（常与频度状语搭配）I have never seen him before.D.表示”此时”前未完成的动作，必须在这个时间段完成Tom has finished his homework today.E.表示一个由过去开始到说话时仍在继续的动作，与表示时间长度的状语连用I have learned English for ten years.F.在may、can、must等助动词，现在完成时可以表示一个过去的动作，或者一个猜想已发生的动作，这时可以和一个表示过去时间的状语连用He may have arrived there.6.过去完成时A.描述过去某一时间或某一动作之前已完成的动作The bus had left when Mary arrived here.B.用在宾语从句中He found that he had been cheated.C.用在定语从句中She took the computer that had been repaired from his house.D.用在状语从句中When she had finished the task,my task remained to be done.E.表示未曾实现的愿望或打算Tina had determined to play with friends outdoors but her mother refused her requirement.7.一般将来时A.基本结构是will / shall do.I will give her a birthday gift tomorrow.B.表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do.I am going to tell you the truth.C.表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do.强调近期内或马上要做的事Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.D."be to do"的5种用法①表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
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各种时态的被动态
◎动词的语态
谓语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
·主动语态- 表示句中主语发出谓语的动作，也就是说，主语是谓语动作的执行者或发出者。
谓语动词用主动语态的句子叫做主动句。
·被动语态- 表示句中的主语接受谓语动作，也就是说，主语是谓语动作的承受者。
谓语动词用被动语态的句子叫做被动句。
◎被动语态的构成
被动语态的构成为：“be + 过去分词”。
be有时也可用become或get等代替。
○一般时态：be + 过去分词
·一般现在时：
English is spoken in many countries.
许多国家的人说英语
总的来说是be + 动词的过去分词形式（past participle）
一些常见的时态举例如下：
一般现在时中，am\is\are + past participle
一般过去时中，was\were + past participle
一般将来时中，will be + past participle
完成时稍微复杂点，
现在完成时，has\have + been + past participle
过去完成时，had + been + past participle
将来完成时，will have been + past participle
进行时比较罕见用被动语态的。
总结规律的话，就是在不同时态中，过去分词前面加be动词的相应形式（时态的特征表现在be动词上，而过去分词在不同的时态中都不变化）
另：过去分词一般有两个作用，一是用于被动语态中，第二就是帮助构成完成时态。
因此你可以在完成时中看到been（be的过去分词）后面又接了个过去分词，但这两个过去分词的作用是不一样的。