CP-violating Loop Effects in the Higgs Sector of the MSSM

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PACSnumbers1215Ff,1130Hv,1210Dm,1125Mj…

a r X i v :0803.2889v 2 [h e p -p h ] 14 J u l 2008Mapping Out SU (5)GUTs with Non-Abelian Discrete Flavor SymmetriesFlorian Plentinger ∗and Gerhart Seidl †Institut f¨u r Physik und Astrophysik,Universit¨a t W¨u rzburg,Am Hubland,D 97074W¨u rzburg,Germany(Dated:December 25,2013)We construct a class of supersymmetric SU (5)GUT models that produce nearly tribimaximal lepton mixing,the observed quark mixing matrix,and the quark and lepton masses,from discrete non-Abelian ﬂavor symmetries.The SU (5)GUTs are formulated on ﬁve-dimensional throats in the ﬂat limit and the neutrino masses become small due to the type-I seesaw mechanism.The discrete non-Abelian ﬂavor symmetries are given by semi-direct products of cyclic groups that are broken at the infrared branes at the tip of the throats.As a result,we obtain SU (5)GUTs that provide a combined description of non-Abelian ﬂavor symmetries and quark-lepton complementarity.PACS numbers:12.15.Ff,11.30.Hv,12.10.Dm,One possibility to explore the physics of grand uniﬁed theories (GUTs)[1,2]at low energies is to analyze the neutrino sector.This is due to the explanation of small neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism [3,4],which is naturally incorporated in GUTs.In fact,from the perspective of quark-lepton uniﬁcation,it is interesting to study in GUTs the drastic diﬀerences between the masses and mixings of quarks and leptons as revealed by current neutrino oscillation data.In recent years,there have been many attempts to re-produce a tribimaximal mixing form [5]for the leptonic Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS)[6]mixing matrix U PMNS using non-Abelian discrete ﬂavor symme-tries such as the tetrahedral [7]and double (or binary)tetrahedral [8]groupA 4≃Z 3⋉(Z 2×Z 2)and T ′≃Z 2⋉Q,(1)where Q is the quaternion group of order eight,or [9]∆(27)≃Z 3⋉(Z 3×Z 3),(2)which is a subgroup of SU (3)(for reviews see, e.g.,Ref.[10]).Existing models,however,have generally dif-ﬁculties to predict also the observed fermion mass hierar-chies as well as the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM)quark mixing matrix V CKM [11],which applies especially to GUTs (for very recent examples,see Ref.[12]).An-other approach,on the other hand,is oﬀered by the idea of quark-lepton complementarity (QLC),where the so-lar neutrino angle is a combination of maximal mixing and the Cabibbo angle θC [13].Subsequently,this has,in an interpretation of QLC [14,15],led to a machine-aided survey of several thousand lepton ﬂavor models for nearly tribimaximal lepton mixing [16].Here,we investigate the embedding of the models found in Ref.[16]into ﬁve-dimensional (5D)supersym-metric (SUSY)SU (5)GUTs.The hierarchical pattern of quark and lepton masses,V CKM ,and nearly tribi-maximal lepton mixing,arise from the local breaking of non-Abelian discrete ﬂavor symmetries in the extra-dimensional geometry.This has the advantage that theFIG.1:SUSY SU (5)GUT on two 5D intervals or throats.The zero modes of the matter ﬁelds 10i ,5H,24H ,and the gauge supermul-tiplet,propagate freely in the two throats.scalar sector of these models is extremely simple without the need for a vacuum alignment mechanism,while of-fering an intuitive geometrical interpretation of the non-Abelian ﬂavor symmetries.As a consequence,we obtain,for the ﬁrst time,a realization of non-Abelian ﬂavor sym-metries and QLC in SU (5)GUTs.We will describe our models by considering a speciﬁc minimal realization as an example.The main features of this example model,however,should be viewed as generic and representative for a large class of possible realiza-tions.Our model is given by a SUSY SU (5)GUT in 5D ﬂat space,which is deﬁned on two 5D intervals that have been glued together at a common endpoint.The geom-etry and the location of the 5D hypermultiplets in the model is depicted in FIG.1.The two intervals consti-tute a simple example for a two-throat setup in the ﬂat limit (see,e.g.,Refs.[17,18]),where the two 5D inter-vals,or throats,have the lengths πR 1and πR 2,and the coordinates y 1∈[0,πR 1]and y 2∈[0,πR 2].The point at y 1=y 2=0is called ultraviolet (UV)brane,whereas the two endpoints at y 1=πR 1and y 2=πR 2will be referred to as infrared (IR)branes.The throats are supposed to be GUT-scale sized,i.e.1/R 1,2 M GUT ≃1016GeV,and the SU (5)gauge supermultiplet and the Higgs hy-permultiplets 5H and2neously broken to G SM by a 24H bulk Higgs hypermulti-plet propagating in the two throats that acquires a vac-uum expectation value pointing in the hypercharge direc-tion 24H ∝diag(−12,13,15i ,where i =1,2,3is the generation index.Toobtainsmall neutrino masses via the type-I seesaw mechanism [3],we introduce three right-handed SU (5)singlet neutrino superﬁelds 1i .The 5D Lagrangian for the Yukawa couplings of the zero mode fermions then readsL 5D =d 2θ δ(y 1−πR 1) ˜Y uij,R 110i 10j 5H +˜Y d ij,R 110i 5H +˜Y νij,R 15j5i 1j 5H +M R ˜Y R ij,R 21i 1j+h.c. ,(3)where ˜Y x ij,R 1and ˜Y x ij,R 2(x =u,d,ν,R )are Yukawa cou-pling matrices (with mass dimension −1/2)and M R ≃1014GeV is the B −L breaking scale.In the four-dimensional (4D)low energy eﬀective theory,L 5D gives rise to the 4D Yukawa couplingsL 4D =d 2θ Y u ij 10i 10j 5H +Y dij10i 5H +Y νij5i ∼(q i 1,q i 2,...,q i m ),(5)1i ∼(r i 1,r i 2,...,r im ),where the j th entry in each row vector denotes the Z n jcharge of the representation.In the 5D theory,we sup-pose that the group G A is spontaneously broken by singly charged ﬂavon ﬁelds located at the IR branes.The Yukawa coupling matrices of quarks and leptons are then generated by the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism [21].Applying a straightforward generalization of the ﬂavor group space scan in Ref.[16]to the SU (5)×G A represen-tations in Eq.(5),we ﬁnd a large number of about 4×102ﬂavor models that produce the hierarchies of quark and lepton masses and yield the CKM and PMNS mixing angles in perfect agreement with current data.A distri-bution of these models as a function of the group G A for increasing group order is shown in FIG.2.The selection criteria for the ﬂavor models are as follows:First,all models have to be consistent with the quark and charged3 lepton mass ratiosm u:m c:m t=ǫ6:ǫ4:1,m d:m s:m b=ǫ4:ǫ2:1,(6)m e:mµ:mτ=ǫ4:ǫ2:1,and a normal hierarchical neutrino mass spectrumm1:m2:m3=ǫ2:ǫ:1,(7)whereǫ≃θC≃0.2is of the order of the Cabibbo angle.Second,each model has to reproduce the CKM anglesV us∼ǫ,V cb∼ǫ2,V ub∼ǫ3,(8)as well as nearly tribimaximal lepton mixing at3σCLwith an extremely small reactor angle 1◦.In perform-ing the group space scan,we have restricted ourselves togroups G A with orders roughly up to 102and FIG.2shows only groups admitting more than three valid mod-els.In FIG.2,we can observe the general trend thatwith increasing group order the number of valid modelsper group generally increases too.This rough observa-tion,however,is modiﬁed by a large“periodic”ﬂuctu-ation of the number of models,which possibly singlesout certain groups G A as particularly interesting.Thehighly populated groups would deserve further system-atic investigation,which is,however,beyond the scopeof this paper.From this large set of models,let us choose the groupG A=Z3×Z8×Z9and,in the notation of Eq.(5),thecharge assignment101∼(1,1,6),102∼(0,3,1),103∼(0,0,0),52∼(0,7,0),52↔4FIG.3:Eﬀect of the non-Abelian ﬂavor symmetry on θ23for a 10%variation of all Yukawa couplings.Shown is θ23as a function of ǫfor the ﬂavor group G A (left)and G A ⋉G B (right).The right plot illustrates the exact prediction of the zeroth order term π/4in the expansion θ23=π/4+ǫ/√2and the relation θ13≃ǫ2.The important point is that in the expression for θ23,the leading order term π/4is exactly predicted by thenon-Abelian ﬂavor symmetry G F =G A ⋉G B (see FIG.3),while θ13≃θ2C is extremely small due to a suppression by the square of the Cabibbo angle.We thus predict a devi-ation ∼ǫ/√2,which is the well-known QLC relation for the solar angle.There have been attempts in the literature to reproduce QLC in quark-lepton uniﬁed models [26],however,the model presented here is the ﬁrst realization of QLC in an SU (5)GUT.Although our analysis has been carried out for the CP conserving case,a simple numerical study shows that CP violating phases (cf.Ref.[27])relevant for neutri-noless double beta decay and leptogenesis can be easily included as well.Concerning proton decay,note that since SU (5)is bro-ken by a bulk Higgs ﬁeld,the broken gauge boson masses are ≃M GUT .Therefore,all fermion zero modes can be localized at the IR branes of the throats without intro-ducing rapid proton decay through d =6operators.To achieve doublet-triplet splitting and suppress d =5pro-ton decay,we may then,e.g.,resort to suitable extensions of the Higgs sector [28].Moreover,although the ﬂavor symmetry G F is global,quantum gravity eﬀects might require G F to be gauged [29].Anomalies can then be canceled by Chern-Simons terms in the 5D bulk.We emphasize that the above discussion is focussed on a speciﬁc minimal example realization of the model.Many SU (5)GUTs with non-Abelian ﬂavor symmetries,however,can be constructed along the same lines by varying the ﬂavor charge assignment,choosing diﬀerent groups G F ,or by modifying the throat geometry.A de-tailed analysis of these models and variations thereof will be presented in a future publication [30].To summarize,we have discussed the construction of 5D SUSY SU (5)GUTs that yield nearly tribimaximal lepton mixing,as well as the observed CKM mixing matrix,together with the hierarchy of quark and lepton masses.Small neutrino masses are generated only by the type-I seesaw mechanism.The fermion masses and mixings arise from the local breaking of non-Abelian ﬂavor symmetries at the IR branes of a ﬂat multi-throat geometry.For an example realization,we have shown that the non-Abelian ﬂavor symmetries can exactly predict the leading order term π/4in the sum rule for the atmospheric mixing angle,while strongly suppress-ing the reactor angle.This makes this class of models testable in future neutrino oscillation experiments.In addition,we arrive,for the ﬁrst time,at a combined description of QLC and non-Abelian ﬂavor symmetries in SU (5)GUTs.One main advantage of our setup with throats is that the necessary symmetry breaking can be realized with a very simple Higgs sector and that it can be applied to and generalized for a large class of uniﬁed models.We would like to thank T.Ohl for useful comments.The research of F.P.is supported by Research Train-ing Group 1147“Theoretical Astrophysics and Particle Physics ”of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.G.S.is supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Re-search (BMBF)under contract number 05HT6WWA.∗********************************.de †**************************.de[1]H.Georgi and S.L.Glashow,Phys.Rev.Lett.32,438(1974);H.Georgi,in Proceedings of Coral Gables 1975,Theories and Experiments in High Energy Physics ,New York,1975.[2]J.C.Pati and A.Salam,Phys.Rev.D 10,275(1974)[Erratum-ibid.D 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Computer-Vision计算机视觉英文ppt

At the same time, AI MIT laboratory has attracted many famous scholars from the world to participate in the research of machine vision,which included the theory of machine vision , algorithm and design of system .
Its mainstream research is divided into three stages:
Stage 1: Research on the visual basic method ,which take the model world as the main object;
Stage 2: Research on visual model ,which is based on the computational theory;
the other is to rebuild the three dimensional object according to the two-dimensional projection images .
History of computer vision
1950s: in this period , statistical pattern recognition is most applied in computer vision , it mainly focuse on the analysis and identification of two-dimensional image,such as: optical character recognition, the surface of the workpiece, the analysis and interpretation of the aerial image.

专题05 阅读理解D篇(2024年新课标I卷) (专家评价+三年真题+满分策略+多维变式) 原卷版

《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》专题05阅读理解D篇（新课标I卷）原卷版(专家评价+全文翻译+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式)目录一、原题呈现P2二、答案解析P3三、专家评价P3四、全文翻译P3五、词汇变式P4(一)考纲词汇词形转换P4(二)考纲词汇识词知意P4(三)高频短语积少成多P5(四)阅读理解单句填空变式P5(五)长难句分析P6六、三年真题P7(一)2023年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P7(二)2022年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P8(三)2021年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P9七、满分策略（阅读理解说明文）P10八、阅读理解变式P12 变式一：生物多样性研究、发现、进展6篇P12变式二：阅读理解D篇35题变式（科普研究建议类）6篇P20一原题呈现阅读理解D篇关键词: 说明文;人与社会;社会科学研究方法研究;生物多样性; 科学探究精神;科学素养In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observation s of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not w ell-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?A. They are becoming outdated.B. They are mostly in electronic form.C. They are limited in number.D. They are used for public exhibition.33. What does Daru’s study focus on?A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.C. Observational data.D. Mobile applications.34. What has led to the biases according to the study?A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C. Improper way of sampling.D. Unreliable data collection devices.35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?A. Review data from certain areas.B. Hire experts to check the records.C. Confirm the identity of the users.D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.二答案解析三专家评价考查关键能力，促进思维品质发展2024年高考英语全国卷继续加强内容和形式创新，优化试题设问角度和方式，增强试题的开放性和灵活性，引导学生进行独立思考和判断，培养逻辑思维能力、批判思维能力和创新思维能力。

刺激-反应联结学习在项目特异性比例一致效应中的作用

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效应。研究者认为，可能存在局部的、项目特异性的认知控制机制，可以根据单个项目的比例偏置情况选择性地进行注意资源分配从而影响不同项目的反应（Jacoby et al., 2003）。
然而，注意调节理论近来受到了其他研究的挑战（Schmidt & Besner, 2008; Schmidt & Lemercier, 2019）。Schmidt 和 Besner 认为，ISPC 效应中比例一致性与刺激–反应的可能性混合在一起，可以用更经济的可能性学习来解释这一效应。该研究提出了可能性学习假说（contingency learning hypothesis），表示认知控制不是必要的，被试完全可以通过学习发现刺激无关维度与正确反应的可能性关系，并基于此预测正确的反应。在冲突任务中，一致试次占多数时，刺激常常伴随着一致的任务无关的刺激属性，这一属性有很大可能性可以去预测正确的反应，而多数试次为不一致时，被试可能根据伴随的不一致的任务无关刺激属性去预测反应（Schmidt & Lemercier, 2019）。这一策略可以加快一致或不一致试次的反应，从而产生 ISPC 效应。可能性学习假说基于刺激–反应（stimulus-response, S-R）之间的联结解释了 ISPC 效应，是 S-R 联结学习的一种方式（Schmidt, 2013）。
心理与行为研究 2021，19(3)：326~333 Studies of Psychology and Behavior
刺激–反应联结学习在项目特异性比例一致效应中的作用 *
夏天生1 谭玲2
(1 广东工业大学艺术与设计学院，广州 510090) (2 广东工业大学管理学院，广州 510520)

基于混沌系统与提升小波的抗剪切攻击的彩色图像盲水印算法

序列；提升小波；抗剪切攻击
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基混沌统与提升小波的抗剪切攻击的于系彩色图像盲水印算法
赵玉霞，２
（．商洛学院计算机科学系，陕西商洛７６０；２１２００．西北大学信息科学与技术学院，陕西西安７０６１０９）
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Ｅｐｒｍｅｔｉｄｃｔｈｔｔｅａｇｒｈｈｓｈｇｆｃｅｃ，ｔｏｇｒｂｓｎｓｎｅｕｉ，ｄｘｅｉｎｓｎｉａｅｔａｈｌｏｔｍａｉｈｅｉｎｙｓｎｏｕｔｅｓａｄｓｃｒｔａｉｉｒｙｎｐｒｃｌｒｙｉｃｎｐｏｅｔｏｓｅｒｒｎｆｒａｉｎａｔｃ．ａｔｕａｌａｒｔｃｍｈａａｓｏｉｔｒｆｔｍｔｔｋｏａＫｅｒｓｏｕｅｐｌａｉｎｌｄｗａｅｍａｋｎｌｏｔｍ；ｃａｓｓｑｅｃｓＬＷＴ；ｙｗｏｄ：ｃｍｐｔｒａｐｉｔ；ｂｉｔｒｒｉｇａｇｒｈｃｏｎｉｈｏｅｕｎｅ；ｐｏｅｔｇｓｅｒｔａｓｏａｉｎａｔｃｒｔｃｉｈａｎｆｒｔｔｋｎｒｍｏａ

基于拉普拉斯特征映射的鲁棒视频哈希方法

ＲｏｕｔｉｅａｈｎａｅｎＬａｌｃａｇｎｐｂｓｖｄｏｈｓｉｇｂｓｄｏｐａｉｎＥｉｅｍａｓ
ＮＩｕｓａＱＩｉｎｐｎ。Ｑｒｅｇｌ２ＥＸｉ－ｈｎ，ＡＯＪ —ｉｇ，ａＮＦｎ —ｎｉ
ＡｂｔａｔｂｓｖｄｏｈｓｉｇｆｒｉｅｏｙｄｔｃｏａｅｎＬｐａｉｉｅｍａｓ（Ｅｉｐｏｏｅ．Ｉｉｍｅｏ，ｋｙｓｃ：ＡｒｕｔｉｅａｈｎｄｏｃｐｅｅｔｎｂｓｄｏａｌｃａＥｇｎｈｈ
（．山东财政学院计算机信息工程学院，山东济南２０１；２１５０４．山东大学信息科学与工程学院，山东济南２００；３５１０．山东师范大学传播学院，山东济南２０１）５０４
摘要：针对视频拷贝检测问题，出了基于拉普拉斯特征映射（ａｌｉｉｎｐ，Ｅ的视频哈希方法，提ＬｐａａＥｇｍａｓＬ）ｃｎｅ该方法利用视频
明，方法具有较好的鲁棒性和区分性。该关键词：拉普拉斯特征映射；视频哈希；拷贝检测；鲁棒性；区分性
中图法分类号：Ｐ９Ｔ３１
文献标识码：Ａ
文章编号：００７２（１１３９．１０．０４２１１７９００）－４
层析成像技术和服从均匀分布的向量对视频进行镜头分割和关键帧提取，以高阶累计量作为视频在高维空间的特征，并利用ＬＥ进行降维，到视频在三维空间中的轨迹，得利用三维空间中点的范数构造视频哈希来实现视频拷贝检测。实验结果表

CP Asymmetries in Higgs decays to ZZ at the LHC

a r X i v :0708.3612v 1 [h e p -p h ] 27 A u g 2007CP Asymmetries in Higgs decays to ZZ at the LHCRohini M.Godbole 1,David ler 2,M.Margarete M¨u hlleitner 3,41Centre for High Energy Physics,Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore,560012,India.2Dept.of Physics and Astronomy,University of Glasgow,Glasgow G128QQ,U.K.3Theory Division,Physics Department,CERN,CH-1211Geneva 23,Switzerland.4Laboratoire d’Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique Th´e orique,LAPTH,France.Abstract.We examine the eﬀect of a general HZZ coupling through a study of the Higgs decay to leptons via Z bosons at the LHC.We discuss various methods for placing limits on additional couplings,including measurement of the partial width,threshold scans,and asymmetries constructed from angular observables.We ﬁnd that only the asymmetries provide a deﬁnitive test of additional couplings.We further estimate the signiﬁcances they provide.1.IntroductionThe veriﬁcation of the Higgs mechanism as the cause of electroweak symmetry breaking and the discovery of the Higgs boson is the next big goal of particle physics.However,it is not enough to simply ﬁnd a new resonance in the Higgs search channels at the next generation of colliders.One must ensure that this resonance is indeed the Higgs boson by measuring its properties:its CP and spin,to demonstrate its predicted scalar nature;its couplings to known particles,to verify that these couplings are proportional to the particle’s mass;and the Higgs self couplings,in order to reconstruct the Higgs potential itself.This will be a challenging programme and will not be fully realised at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)(e.g.the quartic Higgs self coupling will be out of reach).However,such an analysis will be crucial in our investigation of electroweak symmetry breaking in scenarios where the suspected Higgs boson is all we ﬁnd at the LHC,as well as scenarios where new physics is discovered.In the former case,testing for deviations from the Standard Model (SM)may provide clues to resolving some of the SM’s long standing problems;in the latter case,the Higgs boson properties will provide essential information on the nature of the new physics.It is interesting to note that the Higgs boson’s CP (and spin)is intimately related to its couplings to other SM particles,since its scalar or pseudoscalar nature allow or forbid certain tensor structures in the Higgs boson couplings.In this report,we investigate the tensor structure of the HZZ vertex in order to shed some light on the Higgs boson’s CP.We write down the most general tensor vertex for this coupling and investigate how the additional terms inﬂuence the decay H →ZZ (∗)→4leptons at the LHC.For a more detailed description of this analysis,see Ref.[1].The most general vertex for a spinless particle coupling to a pair of Z bosons,with four-momenta q 1and q 2,is given by,V µνHZZ=igm Zm 2Z+c ǫµναβp αk βwhere p=q1+q2and k=q1−q2,θW denotes the weak-mixing angle andǫµναβis the totally antisymmetric tensor withǫ0123=1.The CP conserving tree-level Standard Model coupling is recovered for a=1and b=c=0.Terms containing a and b are associated with the coupling of a CP-even Higgs,while that containing c is associated with that of a CP-odd Higgs boson.The simulanteous appearance of a non-zero a(and/or b)together with a non-zero c would lead to CP violation.In general these parameters can be momentum-dependent form factors that may be generated from loops containing new heavy particles or equivalently from the integration over heavy degrees of freedom giving rise to higher dimensional operators.The form factors b and c may,in general,be complex, but since an overall phase will not aﬀect the observables studied here,we are free to adopt the convention that a is real.2.The total widthOne method of investigating the tensor structure of the HZZ coupling is to examine the threshold behaviour of the decay H→ZZ∗[2].Notice that the additional terms in the vertexwidth on the virtuality of the most virtual Z boson.width from the SM prediction.Alternatively,one could examine the magnitude of the total decay width for H→ZZ∗→4leptons to see if it diﬀers from the SM.For the vertex of Equation1,the dependence on the coeﬃcients a,b and c is given by,∂2ΓHm4H +|b|2m4H4+|c|28q21q22m2Zβ2 m4H ,(2)whereβis the usual Lorentz boost factor for the Z-bosons.(Notice that the only term with a linearβdependence(from the phase space)is proportional to a2,illustrating the principle described above for the threshold scan.)If additional terms are present one expects them toincrease or decrease the width according to this equation.We used the ATLAS study of Ref.[3,4] (including cuts and eﬃciencies)to estimate the number of signal and background events for the SM and CP-violating scenarios(scaling the signal according to Equation2).In Figure2we plot the number of standard deviations from the SM that the CP-violating scenario would imply,for a150GeV Higgs boson and an integrated luminosity of300fb−1(we set b=0for simplicity). The white area represents scenarios where the signiﬁcance of the deviation is less than3σ,the light blue/grey region represents a3−5σdeviation,while the dark blue/grey region represents a greater than5σdeviation.This measurement would allow one to rule out much of the a−|c| parameter space,but does not allow one to deﬁnitively rule out(or place signiﬁcant limits on) the CP-odd coupling|c|.A SM-like rate is perfectly consistent with a large value of|c|and a small value of a.3.Asymmetries as a probe of CP violationTo deﬁnitively ascertain whether or not extra tensor structures are present in the HZZ vertex one is better served by measuring asymmetries which vanish when such terms are absent.Such an asymmetry can be constructed from an observable,O,based on the angles of theﬁnal state leptons,Γ(O>0)−Γ(O<0)A=。

Nature Research Reporting Summary说明书

October 2018Corresponding author(s):Sinem K. Saka, Yu Wang, Peng YinLast updated by author(s):June 05, 2019Reporting SummaryNature Research wishes to improve the reproducibility of the work that we publish. This form provides structure for consistency and transparency in reporting. For further information on Nature Research policies, see Authors & Referees and the Editorial Policy Checklist .StatisticsFor all statistical analyses, confirm that the following items are present in the figure legend, table legend, main text, or Methods section.The exact sample size (n ) for each experimental group/condition, given as a discrete number and unit of measurement A statement on whether measurements were taken from distinct samples or whether the same sample was measured repeatedlyThe statistical test(s) used AND whether they are one- or two-sided Only common tests should be described solely by name; describe more complex techniques in the Methods section.A description of all covariates tested A description of any assumptions or corrections, such as tests of normality and adjustment for multiple comparisons A full description of the statistical parameters including central tendency (e.g. means) or other basic estimates (e.g. regression coefficient) AND variation (e.g. standard deviation) or associated estimates of uncertainty (e.g. confidence intervals)For null hypothesis testing, the test statistic (e.g. F , t , r ) with confidence intervals, effect sizes, degrees of freedom and P value notedGive P values as exact values whenever suitable.For Bayesian analysis, information on the choice of priors and Markov chain Monte Carlo settingsFor hierarchical and complex designs, identification of the appropriate level for tests and full reporting of outcomesEstimates of effect sizes (e.g. Cohen's d , Pearson's r ), indicating how they were calculatedOur web collection on statistics for biologists contains articles on many of the points above.Software and codePolicy information about availability of computer codeData collection Commercial softwares licensed by microscopy companies were utilized: Zeiss Zen 2012 (for LSM 710), Leica LAS AF (for Leica SP5), ZeissZen 2.3 Pro Blue edition (for LZeiss Axio Observer Z1), Olympus VS-ASW (for Olympus VS120), PerkinElmer Phenochart (version 1.0.2) .Data analysis Open-source Python (3.6.5), TensorFlow (1.12.0), and Deep Learning packages have been utilized for machine learning-based nucleiidentification (the algorithm and code is available at https:///HMS-IDAC/UNet). We used Matlab (2017b) for watershed-based nuclear segmentation using the identified nuclear contours. Python 3.6 was used for the FWHM calculations, as well as plotting ofhistograms. We used MATLAB and the Image Processing Toolbox R2016a (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, United States)for quantifications in mouse retina sections and for Supplementary Fig. 4. We utilized Cell Profiler 3.1.5 for the quantifications of signalamplification in FFPE samples in Figure 2 and 3. FIJI (version 2.0.0-rc-69/1.52n) was utilized for ROI selections and format conversions.HMS OMERO (version 5.4.6.21) was used for viewing images and assembling figure panels.For manuscripts utilizing custom algorithms or software that are central to the research but not yet described in published literature, software must be made available to editors/reviewers. We strongly encourage code deposition in a community repository (e.g. GitHub). See the Nature Research guidelines for submitting code & software for further information.DataPolicy information about availability of dataAll manuscripts must include a data availability statement . This statement should provide the following information, where applicable:- Accession codes, unique identifiers, or web links for publicly available datasets- A list of figures that have associated raw data- A description of any restrictions on data availabilityData and Software Availability: The data and essential custom scripts for image processing will be made available from the corresponding authors P.Y.(**************.edu),S.K.S.(***********************.edu),andY.W.(********************.edu)uponrequest.Thedeeplearningalgorithmandtestdataset for automated identification of nuclear contours in tonsil tissues is available on https:///HMS-IDAC/UNet . The MATLAB code for nuclear segmentation isOctober 2018available on: https:///HMS-IDAC/SABERProbMapSegmentation .Field-specific reportingPlease select the one below that is the best fit for your research. If you are not sure, read the appropriate sections before making your selection.Life sciencesBehavioural & social sciences Ecological, evolutionary & environmental sciencesFor a reference copy of the document with all sections, see /documents/nr-reporting-summary-flat.pdfLife sciences study design All studies must disclose on these points even when the disclosure is negative.Sample size Each FFPE experiment batch were performed on consecutive sections from the same source, each containing over 600,000 cells. Due to largenumber of single cells with tens of distinct germinal center morphologies being present in each section, ROIs from different parts of a wholesection was used for quantification of signal improvement for each condition (consecutive sections were used for all the conditions of onequantification experiment). Number of ROIs are noted in the respective figure legends. For quantifications in retina samples, due toconserved staining morphology and low sample-to-sample variability n = 6 z-stacks were acquired from at least 2 retina sections. ForSupplementary Fig. 4, minimum 5 z-stacks were acquired for each condition to collect images of 18-45 cells. Number of cells are reported in the graphs.Data exclusions Parts of the FFPE tissue sections were excluded from analysis due to automated imaging related aberrations (out-of-focus areas) or tissuepreparation aberrations (folding of the thin sections at the edges, or uneven thickness at the edge areas). For FWHM calculations inSupplementary Fig. 2, ROIs that yield lineplots with more than one automatically detected peak were discarded to avoid deviations due tomultiple peaks. For Supplementary Fig. 4 cells in the samples were excluded when an external bright fluorescent particle (dust speck, dye aggregate etc.) coincided with the nuclei (as confirmed by manual inspection of the images). The exclusion criteria were pre-established.Replication Each FFPE experiment batch were performed on consecutive sections from the same source, each containing over 600,000 cells. Forevaluation and quantification of our method, multiple biological replicates were not accumulated in order to avoid the error that would beintroduced by the natural biological and preparation variation, and to avoid unnecessary use of human tissue material. In the case of themouse retina quantifications a minimum of two distinct retinal sections were imaged, and each experiment was performed at least twice. ForSupplementary Fig. 4 dataset, 16 different conditions were prepared and each were imaged multiple times (before linear, after linear, beforebranch, after branch). Although the data was not pooled together for the statistics reported in the figure, low cell-to-cell variability was observed and high consistency was seen across the samples for comparable conditions, suggesting low sample to sample variability.Randomization Randomization was not necessary for this study.Blinding Blinding was not possible as experimental conditions were mostly evident from the image data.Reporting for specific materials, systems and methodsWe require information from authors about some types of materials, experimental systems and methods used in many studies. Here, indicate whether each material, system or method listed is relevant to your study. If you are not sure if a list item applies to your research, read the appropriate section before selecting a response.AntibodiesAntibodies used The full list is also available in Supplementary Information, Supplementary Table 4.Ki-67 Cell Signaling #9129, clone: D3B5 (formulated in PBS, Lot: 2), diluted 1:100-1:250 after conjugationCD8a Cell Signaling #85336 clone: D8A8Y (formulated in PBS, Lot: 4) diluted 1:150 after conjugationPD-1 Cell Signaling #43248, clone: EH33 (formulated in PBS, Lot: 2), diluted 1:150 after conjugationIgA Jackson ImmunoResearch #109-005-011 (Lot: 134868), diluted 1:150 after conjugationCD3e Cell Signaling #85061 clone: D7A6E(TM) XP(R) (formulated in PBS, Lot:2), diluted 1:150 after conjugationIgM Jackson ImmunoResearch #709-006-073 (Lot: 133627), diluted 1:150 after conjugationLamin B Santa Cruz sc-6216 clone:C-20, (Lot: E1115), diluted 1:100Alpha-Tubulin ThermoFisher #MA1-80017 (multiple lots), diluted 1:50 after conjugationCone arrestin Millipore #AB15282 (Lot: 2712407), diluted 1:100 after conjugationGFAP ThermoFisher #13-0300 (Lot: rh241999), diluted 1:50 after conjugationSV2 HybridomaBank, Antibody Registry ID: AB_2315387, in house production, diluted 1:25 after conjugationPKCα Novus #NB600-201, diluted 1:50 after conjugationCollagen IV Novus #NB120-6586, diluted 1:50 after conjugationRhodopsin EnCor Bio #MCA-A531, diluted 1:50 after conjugationCalbindin EnCor Bio #MCA-5A9, diluted 1:25 after conjugationVimentin Cell Signaling #5741S, diluted 1:50 after conjugationCalretinin EnCor Bio #MCA3G9, diluted 1:50 after conjugationVLP1 EnCor Bio #MCA-2D11, diluted 1:25 after conjugationBassoon Enzo ADI-VAM-#PS003, diluted 1:500Homer1b/c ThermoFisher #PA5-21487, diluted 1:250SupplementaryAnti-rabbit IgG (to detect Ki-67 and Homer1b/c indirectly) Jackson ImmunoResearch # 711-005-152 (Multiple lots), 1:90 afterconjugationAnti-mouse IgG (to detect Bassoon indirectly) Jackson ImmunoResearch #715-005-151) (Multiple lots), diluted 1:100 afterconjugationAnti-goat IgG (to detect Lamin B indirectly) Jackson ImmunoResearch # 705-005-147) (Lot: 125860), diluted 1:75 afterconjugationAlternative antibodies used to validate colocalization of VLP1 and Calretinin in Supplementary Fig. 8d-f:Calretinin (SantaCruz #SC-365956; EnCor Bio #CPCA-Calret; EnCor Bio #MCA-3G9 AP), VLP1 (EnCor Bio #RPCA-VLP1; EnCor Bio#CPCA-VLP1; EnCor Bio #MCA-2D11). All diluted 1:100.Fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies used for reference imaging:anti-rat-Alexa647 (ThermoFisher #A-21472, 1:200), anti-rabbit-Alexa488 (ThermoFisher #A-21206, 1:200), anti-rabbit-Atto488(Rockland #611-152-122S, Lot:33901, 1:500), anti-mouse-Alexa647 (ThermoFisher #A-31571, 1:400), anti-goat-Alexa647(ThermoFisher # A-21447, 1:200), anti-rabbit-Alexa647 (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 711-605-152, Lot: 125197, 1:300).Validation All antibodies used are from commercial sources as described. Only antibodies that have been validated by the vendor with in vitro and in situ experiments (for IHC and IF, with images available on the websites) and/or heavily used by the community withpublication in several references were used. The validation and references for each are publicly available on the respectivevendor websites that can reached via the catalog numbers listed above. In our experiments, IF patterns matched the distributionof cell types these antibodies were expected to label based on the literature both before and after conjugation with DNA strands. Eukaryotic cell linesPolicy information about cell linesCell line source(s)BS-C-1 cells and HeLa cellsAuthentication Cell lines were not authenticated (not relevant for the experiment or results)Mycoplasma contamination Cell lines were not tested for mycoplasma contamination (not relevant for the experiment or results)Commonly misidentified lines (See ICLAC register)No commonly misidentified cell lines were used.October 2018Animals and other organismsPolicy information about studies involving animals; ARRIVE guidelines recommended for reporting animal researchLaboratory animals Wild-type CD1 mice (male and female) age P13 or P17 were used for retina harvest.Wild animals The study did not involve wild animals.Field-collected samples The study did not involve samples collected from the field.Ethics oversight All animal procedures were in accordance with the National Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Guide for the Care and Useof Laboratory Animals and approved by the Harvard Medical School Committee on Animal Care.Note that full information on the approval of the study protocol must also be provided in the manuscript.Human research participantsPolicy information about studies involving human research participantsPopulation characteristics We have only used exempt tissue sections for technical demonstration, since we do not derive any biological conclusions, thepopulation characteristics is not relevant for this methodological study.Recruitment Not relevant for this study.Ethics oversight Human specimens were retrieved from the archives of the Pathology Department of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centerunder the discarded/excess tissue protocol as approved in Institutional Review Board (IRB) Protocol #2017P000585. Informedinform consent was waived on the basis of minimal risk to participants (which is indirect and not based on prospectiveparticipation by patients).Note that full information on the approval of the study protocol must also be provided in the manuscript.October 2018。

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jk
(4)
ˆ ij (p2 ) are the elements of the 3 × 3 matrix Γ ˆ hHA (p2 ) as speciﬁed above. The where the Γ expressions for the oﬀ-diagonal Higgs propagators read (i, j, k all diﬀerent, no summation over i, j, k ) ∆ij (p2 ) = ˆ ki ˆ kk − Γ ˆ jk Γ ˆ ij Γ Γ , ˆ2 ˆ2 − Γ ˆ kk Γ ˆ2 − Γ ˆ jj Γ ˆ ki − Γ ˆ ii Γ ˆ jk Γ ˆ kk + 2Γ ˆ ij Γ ˆ jj Γ ˆ ii Γ Γ ij ki jk (5)
where ∆hh (p2 ), ∆HH (p2 ), ∆AA (p2 ) are the (11), (22), (33) elements of the 3 × 3 matrix ∆hHA (p2 ), respectively. The structure of eq. (3) is formally the same as for the case without ˆ eﬀ (p2 ) which contains mixing, but the usual self-energy is replaced by the eﬀective quantity Σ ii mixing contributions of the three Higgs bosons. It reads (no summation over i, j, k ) ˆ eﬀ (p2 ) = Σ ˆ ii (p2 ) − i Σ ii ˆ ij (p2 )Γ ˆ jk (p2 )Γ ˆ ki (p2 ) − Γ ˆ 2 (p2 )Γ ˆ jj (p2 ) − Γ ˆ 2 (p2 )Γ ˆ kk (p2 ) 2Γ ij ki , ˆ jj (p2 )Γ ˆ kk (p2 ) − Γ ˆ 2 (p2 ) Γ
ˆ ij (p2 ) appearing on the right-hand side for where we have dropped the argument p2 of the Γ 2 ease of notation. The three complex poles M of ∆hHA , eq. (1), are deﬁned as the solutions of 2 2 ˆ eﬀ M2 (6) i − mi + Σii (Mi ) = 0, i = h, H, A, with a decomposition of the complex pole as M2 = M 2 − iM Γ, where M is the mass of the particle and Γ its width. We deﬁne the loop-corrected mass eigenvalues according to M h1 ≤ M h2 ≤ M h3 . We now turn to the on-shell properties of an in- or out-going Higgs boson. In order to ensure the correct on-shell properties of S-matrix elements involving external Higgs it is LCWS/ILC 2007
1Hale Waihona Puke IntroductionA striking prediction of models of supersymmetry (SUSY) is a Higgs sector with at least one relatively light Higgs boson. In the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) two Higgs doublets are required, resulting in ﬁve physical Higgs bosons. In lowest order these are the light and heavy CP -even h and H , the CP -odd A, and the charged Higgs bosons H ± . The Higgs sector of the MSSM can be characterised at lowest order by the two parameters (besides the gauge couplings) MH ± and tan β ≡ v2 /v1 , the ratio of the two vacuum expectation values. All other masses and mixing angles can be predicted in terms of these parameters. Higher-order contributions yield large corrections to the tree-level relations and, via complex phases, induce CP -violating eﬀects. In the MSSM with complex parameters (cMSSM) therefore all three neutral Higgs bosons can mix with each other. The corresponding mass eigenstates are denoted as h1 , h2 , h3 . If the mixing between the three neutral mass eigenstates is such that the coupling of the lightest Higgs boson to gauge bosons is signiﬁcantly suppressed, this state can be very light without being in conﬂict with the exclusion bounds from the LEP Higgs searches [2, 3]. In this case the second-lightest Higgs boson, h2 , may predominantly decay into a pair of light Higgs bosons, h2 → h1 h1 . We report in this paper on recent progress on higher-order corrections in the Higgs sector of the cMSSMa . We brieﬂy discuss propagator-type corrections of O(αt αs ) [8] and complete one-loop results for Higgs cascade decays of the kind ha → hb hc (a, b, c = 1, 2, 3) [9]. In this context we put a particular emphasis on the treatment of external Higgs states in Higgsboson production and decay process in the presence of CP -violating mixing among all three neutral Higgs bosons.
a See e.g. Refs. [4–7] for recent reviews of the present status of higher-order corrections in the Higgs sector of the MSSM with and without complex phases.
2 ˆ ˆ hH (p2 ) ˆ hA (p2 ) m2 −Σ −Σ h − Σhh (p ) 2 ˆ hH (p2 ) ˆ ˆ HA (p2 ) . Mn (p2 ) = −Σ m2 −Σ H − ΣHH (p ) 2 2 2 ˆ ˆ ˆ AA (p2 ) −ΣhA (p ) −ΣHA (p ) mA − Σ −1
,
(1)

(2)
ˆ ij are the renormalised Here mi (i = h, H, A) denote the tree-level Higgs-boson masses, and Σ 2 ˆ hHA (p ) yields for the diagonal Higgs propagators (i = h, H, A) self-energies. Inversion of Γ ∆ii (p2 ) = i p2 − m2 i ˆ eﬀ (p2 ) +Σ ii , (3)
CP -violating Loop Eﬀects in the Higgs Sector of the MSSM
arXiv:0711.2020v1 [hep-ph] 13 Nov 2007
T. Hahn1 , S. Heinemeyer2 , W. Hollik1 , H. Rzehak3 , G. Weiglein4 and K.E. Williams4 1- Max-Planck-Institut f¨ ur Physik, F¨ ohringer Ring 6, D–80805 Munich, Germany 2- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain 3- Paul Scherrer Institut, W¨ urenlingen und Villigen, CH–5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland 4- IPPP, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK CP -violating eﬀects in the Higgs sector of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with complex parameters (cMSSM) are induced by potentially large higher-order corrections. As a consequence, all three neutral Higgs bosons can mix with each other. Recent results for loop corrections in the Higgs sector of the cMSSM are reviewed [1]. Results for propagator-type corrections of O(αt αs ) and complete one-loop results for Higgs cascade decays of the kind ha → hb hc are summarised, and the proper treatment of external Higgs bosons in Higgs-boson production and decay processes is discussed.