Apple is nearing completion of its new
高中英语(新人教版)选择性必修三课后习题：UNIT 1单元测评(课后习题)【含答案及解析】
UNIT1单元测评(时间:120分钟满分:150分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where does the conversation most probably take place?A.In a bar.B.At home.C.In a restaurant.2.What are the speakers talking about?A.Politeness to strangers.B.Friendliness to foreigners.C.Service in restaurants.3.What is the woman doing?A.Making a speech.B.Introducing a new employee.C.Asking for advice.4.How does the bridegroom feel at the wedding?A.Nervous.B.Happy.C.Excited.5.When did the woman take her father out on Father’s Day?A.In the morning.B.In the afternoon.C.In the evening.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Where is the woman likely to go in the afternoon?A.To the sports centre.B.To the sports ground.C.To the park.7.What is the man’s favourite sport?A.Baseball.B.Basketball.C.Table tennis.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
写煮鸡蛋变化的英语作文400字
写煮鸡蛋变化的英语作文400字As the egg is submerged into the boiling water, asilent transformation begins, driven by the relentless heat. Initially, the egg's protective exterior remains intact,the white albumin barely stirred by the seething water.Minutes pass, and the heat penetrates the shell, slowly awakening the egg's dormant potential. The albumin, once a viscous liquid, gradually solidifies, forming delicatelayers around the central yolk. As the cooking time progresses, the yolk undergoes a subtle metamorphosis. Its once vibrant yellow hue deepens, hinting at the complex chemical reactions taking place within.The shell, now a heated cage, becomes a witness to the internal alchemy. The albumin, fully set, forms a perfectly oval orb, suspended within the clear, colorless liquid of the yolk. The yolk, its consistency subtly altered, retains a slight creaminess, its flavor intensified by the heat's gentle touch.With each passing minute, the egg steadily evolves, its transformation nearing completion. The once raw and fragile interior has been reborn, imbued with a new texture, a heightened flavor, and an unexpected resilience.As the egg is retrieved from the boiling water and plunged into cold water, the transformation is abruptly halted. The rapid temperature change seals the egg's fate, suspending it in its perfected state. The shell, now cool to the touch, conceals the culmination of the heat's artistry.Upon cracking open the shell, the cooked egg revealsits marvel. The albumin, a pristine canvas of ivory, surrounds the vibrant yolk, its amber hue reminiscent of the sun. The yolk, a perfect sphere, yields gently to the touch, its creamy interior releasing a symphony of flavors.The boiled egg, a seemingly simple culinary creation,is a testament to the transformative power of heat. Through a delicate interplay of temperature and time, the egg's rawpotential is unlocked, unveiling a symphony of textures, flavors, and culinary possibilities.。
how to plan the project for project managmentPPT课件
Setting the Project Objectives
The objectives must be clearly set in terms of
When you are happy with it, write it on a flip chart. One of you will present this.
Defining the Project Scope • Scope is about defining exactly what the project IS and what it PRODUCES (finished product/key deliverables). • It is also important to define what the project is NOT.
• Log Change Request
Change Request
Project:
Change Request Name:
Identified by:
Assigned to:
Description of Problem:
Change Request ID:
Priority:
High Medium
Low
Now the real work begins!
Your Project
Return to your company groups from your successful business proposal.
What has led to your project being approved? What is the need or opportunity?
非常饥饿的毛毛虫英语作文
The Very Hungry Caterpillar's AdventureIn a cozy corner of the garden, a very special egg lay dormant, waiting for the right moment to hatch. Inside that egg was a very hungry caterpillar, eager to explore the world and satisfy its insatiable appetite.As the sun warmed the egg, it finally cracked open, revealing a tiny, hungry caterpillar. Its eyes immediately widened in wonder as it gazed upon the vast array of delicious plants surrounding it. It knew its mission: toeat and grow, to transform into a beautiful butterfly.The caterpillar's journey began with a taste of the nearest leaf. It devoured the leaf eagerly, its tiny body expanding with each bite. As it grew, so did its appetite, and it soon found itself wandering through the garden, seeking out new and delicious flavors.From sweet, juicy apples to the tender leaves of roses, the caterpillar tasted everything in sight. It even discovered the delicacies hidden within flower buds and the sweet nectar of blooming flowers. Its hunger knew no bounds,and its body transformed with each meal, growing stronger and more vibrant.As days turned into weeks, the caterpillar's body began to glow with a bright, shiny hue. It knew that its transformation was nearing completion, and with a final burst of energy, it wrapped itself in a cozy cocoon.Inside the cocoon, the caterpillar's body underwent a miraculous transformation. Its skin hardened, and its body shrank, as it prepared to emerge as a butterfly. After a long wait, the moment finally arrived, and the caterpillar emerged as a beautiful butterfly, ready to take flight.With its newfound wings, the butterfly floated gracefully through the air, surveying the garden it had once explored as a caterpillar. It smiled, knowing that its hunger had led it to this moment of transformation and freedom.And so, the story of the very hungry caterpillar came to an end, but its legacy lived on in the beautiful butterfly it had become. Its journey taught us that even the smallest beginnings can lead to great transformations,and that with persistence and hunger for growth, we can all achieve our dreams.**非常饥饿的毛毛虫历险记**在花园的一个舒适角落，一个特别的卵静静地躺着，等待着合适的时机孵化。
合同到期 英文
合同到期英文Contract ExpiryA contract expiry refers to the termination or end date of a contractual agreement between two or more parties. Contracts are legally binding documents that outline the rights and obligations of each party involved, and they often have a defined term or duration.When a contract nears its end date, it is essential for the parties involved to assess the contract's performance and negotiate the terms for renewal or termination. This process requires thoughtful consideration, thorough evaluation, and open communication to determine the best course of action.Contract expiry can happen for various reasons, including the completion of a specific project, expiration of a fixed-term agreement, or the fulfillment of the contractual obligations. Regardless of the reason, it is crucial for both parties to honor the terms and conditions stated in the contract until its expiry date. Once a contract is nearing its expiry, it is advisable to review the terms, conditions, and any renewal or termination provisions outlined in the original agreement. It is also essential to consider any performance-related factors, such as whether the contract was fulfilled satisfactorily or if there were any breaches or disputes during the contract duration.In some cases, both parties may choose to renew the contract if they are satisfied with its performance and wish to continue the business relationship. If this is the case, negotiations for renewalshould begin well in advance of the contract expiry date to allow sufficient time for discussions, amendments, and revisions to the agreement.During the negotiation process, each party should assess their needs, interests, and goals to ensure that the renewed contract meets their requirements. This may involve revising certain clauses, updating pricing or terms, or addressing any concerns that may have arisen during the initial contract term.On the other hand, if either party is not satisfied with the contract's performance, they may choose to terminate the agreement upon its expiry. It is essential to follow any termination provisions specified in the contract, such as providing written notice within a particular timeframe or adhering to any penalty clauses. Both parties should also be aware of any post-termination obligations, such as returning any assets or confidential information that was shared during the contract period.If the parties are unable to reach an agreement on the contract's renewal or termination terms, it may be necessary to seek legal advice or engage in alternative dispute resolution methods, such as mediation or arbitration. These processes can help facilitate a resolution and minimize potential conflicts or disruptions to the business relationship.In conclusion, contract expiry is a critical milestone in any contractual agreement. It allows both parties to assess the contract's performance, negotiate renewal or termination terms, and make decisions based on their needs and interests. Clearcommunication, thorough evaluation, and adherence to contractual obligations are essential during this process to ensure a successful and mutually beneficial outcome for all parties involved.。
医学英语交班范文
医学英语交班范文Handover Report Sample in Medical English。
Good morning team,。
I hope this report finds you well. As I transition out of my role, I want to ensure a seamless handover process by providing this comprehensive overview of our current projects and tasks. Throughout my tenure, I have meticulously documented our progress and strategies, which I will outline below.Firstly, let's address our ongoing research projects. The primary focus has been on understanding the efficacy of novel treatments for [specific medical condition]. Our team has conducted extensive literature reviews, analyzed clinical trial data, and collaborated with external experts to gain insights into potential breakthroughs. Notably, we are nearing the completion of data collection for our latest clinical trial, which aims to evaluate the long-term effects of [treatment X] on patient outcomes. Preliminary results indicate promising trends, but further analysis is warranted before drawing definitive conclusions.In addition to our research endeavors, we have been actively engaged in quality improvement initiatives within the department. Over the past quarter, we implemented a new protocol for patient intake procedures, with the goal of streamlining workflow and enhancing patient satisfaction. Initial feedback from staff and patients has been positive, with notable reductions in wait times and administrative errors. Moving forward, I recommend continuing to monitor key performance indicators to ensure sustained improvements and identify areas for further optimization.Furthermore, our team has been instrumental in advancing medical education initiatives both internally and externally. We successfully organized a series of seminars and workshops aimed at enhancing clinical skills and promoting evidence-based practice among healthcare professionals. These events garnered widespread participation and received accolades for their relevance and impact. Looking ahead, I encourage exploringopportunities to expand our educational outreach efforts, leveraging digital platforms to reach a broader audience and foster knowledge exchange.On the administrative front, I have overseen the management of departmental budgets and resource allocation to support our various projects and activities. Despite budgetary constraints, we have effectively prioritized expenditures to maximize value and minimize waste. Moreover, I have maintained open lines of communication with stakeholders at all levels, ensuring alignment with organizational goals and fostering a culture of collaboration and transparency.In conclusion, I am confident that our team is well-positioned to build upon the foundation we have laid together. I am grateful for the opportunity to have contributed to our collective success and am eager to see the continued progress in the months ahead. I am available to provide additional support or clarification as needed during this transition period. Thank you for your dedication and hard work, and I wish you all the best in your future endeavors.Best regards,。
2024年吉林高考英语真题及答案 (3)
2024年吉林高考英语真题及答案本试卷共12页。
考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项: 1. 答题前, 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚, 将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2. 选择题必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂; 非选择题必须使用 0.5 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写, 字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3. 请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答, 超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4. 作图可先使用铅笔画出, 确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5. 保持卡面清洁, 不要折叠, 不要弄破、弄皱, 不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分听力（1—20 小题）在笔试结束后进行。
第二部分阅读（共两节, 满分50分）第一节（共15 小题; 每小题 2.5 分, 满分 37.5分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AChoice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced WalkersThe Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural WorldWith environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00Start Point: Scratoes BridgeWalk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to HillwalkingEmmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00Start Point: Deerpark Car ParkWalk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the StarsWalking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30Start Point: The Town HallWalk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation AreaWalk Duration: 1.5 hours1．Which walk takes the shortest time?A．The Natural World. B．Introduction to Hillwalking. C．Moonlight Under the Stars. D．Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.2．What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?A．Wear proper clothes. B．Join a walking club.C．Get special permits. D．Bring a survival guide.3．What do the four walks have in common?A．They involve difficult climbing. B．They are for experienced walkers. C．They share the same start point. D．They are scheduled for the weekend.BDo you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old schooland read something printed.Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,”says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit?Trost thinks so.“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.And you’ll never be without something to read.4．Why did BART start the kiosk program?A．To promote the local culture. B．To discourage phone use.C．To meet passengers’ needs. D．To reduce its running costs.5．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk?A．By popularity. B．By length.C．By theme. D．By language.6．What has Trost been doing recently?A．Organizing a story contest. B．Doing a survey of customers. C．Choosing a print publisher. D．Conducting interviews with artists.7．What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?A．It will close down. B．Its profits will decline.C．It will expand nationwide. D．Its ridership will increase.CWe all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.8．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?A．It guarantees the variety of food. B．It requires day-to-day care.C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D．It relies on farmer’s markets. 9．What information does the convenient app offer?A．Real-time weather changes. B．Current condition of the plants. C．Chemical pollutants in the soil. D．Availability of pre-seeded pods. 10．What can be concluded about BMF employees?A．They have a great passion for sports.B．They are devoted to community service.C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences.D．They have a strong environmental awareness.11．What does the text mainly talk about?A．BMF’s major strengths. B．BMF’s general management. C．BMF’s global influence. D．BMF’s technical standards.DGiven the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AIand its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.12．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic.13．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?A．It is packed with complex codes. B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C．It provides step-by-step instructions. D．It is intended for AI professionals.14．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?A．Observe existing regulations on it.B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.第二节（共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
APY-9
As their missions have changed,so have AEW&C (airborne early warning and control)aircraft.As in many other fields of warfare,cold warriors such as AWACS (airborne early warning and control sur-veillance)have remained relevant by ex-panding their abilities.Besides being able to detect hordes of Soviet bombers and fighters at extended ranges (beyond theAEW&C aircraft will remain crucial in a network-centric fight.The biggest U.S.(and international)AEW&C programs are the legacy Boeing 707-based E-3AWACS,Boeing’s next-generation 737-based Wedgetail,and Northrop Grumman’s 40+-year-old E-2Hawkeye,about to enter its sixth decade with an all-new E-2D Advanced Hawkeye.carrier-based Northrop Grumman E-2C Hawkeye.The systems are progressive ev-olutions of the earlier AN/APS-120and AN/APS-125radars,dating back to the 1960s,with the first APS-145delivered in November 1991.The Navy today operates about 75E-2Cs,and it plans to maintain a fleet of more than 70for the next two decades,all either built to,or upgraded to,the Hawkeye 2000configuration.The Navy has several new and up-graded APS-145radar programs in the works,with new APS-145production to continue for the Hawkeye 2000for an-other few years.International operators of the E-2C all either use,are contracted for,or are considering new production APS-145s.In total,all E-2Cs should be operat-ing a version of the APS-145by the end of the decade (except perhaps Mexico,which bought Israel’s E-2Cs in 2003).Despite being designed as a carrier-based aircraft,the Hawkeye has probably sold more widely than any other AEW&C aircraft,largely for land-based operations,and often to smaller nations.Hawkeye 2000s are operated by France,Mexico (E-2C),Egypt,Japan,and Taiwan.Singa-pore’s air force has operated four E-2Cs since 1985-1986,but announced in April 2007that it will replace them with four Gulfstream 550business jets equipped with Israeli Phalcon radars and other Is-raeli mission systems.The Navy has also been willing to part with some of its older planes at a rea-sonable price —Oman,Malaysia,and Thailand have all considered this option,and Egypt and the UAE both requested ex-USN planes in late 2007.In December 2007,Egypt requested two additional E-2C aircraft,to be delivered in Hawkeye 2000configuration,worth $75million.Also in December 2007,the Bush ad-ministration proposed several large sales of cutting-edge systems to the Middle East,including $437million for threenew targetsThe Navy today operates about 75E-2Cs;they are also widely sold around the world.18AEROSPACE AMERICA/NOVEMBER 2008horizon limits of surface radars),the next generation of AEW&C aircraft radars will be able to pick out low-flying stealthy su-personic cruise missiles against back-ground surface clutter of rough terrain,littoral coastlines,and even cities.Not your grandfather’s AWACS or Hawkeye.The crucial added “C”of AEW&C —control —will remain relevant and also expand abilities during this century.Early AEW&C aircraft were revolutionary air-borne C4I nodes,coordinating hundreds of friendly fighters to intercepts.Today there are many C4I nodes out there,butWe will focus here on new C4I and especially radar capabilities.Platforms have also been upgraded,but being based on commercial Boeing 707and 737jet-liners,or a 50-year-old twin-turboprop Grumman W2F-1,platform advances have played a much smaller part in AEW&C development.Hawkeyes for everyoneLockheed Martin’s AN/APS-145is the lat-est in a family of airborne surveillance radars,including the AN/APS-138and AN/APS-139,developed for the Navy’sAEROSPACE AMERICA/NOVEMBER 200819used/upgraded E-2Cs to the UAE.How-ever,there is a chance Congress will block the sale,as it did in 2003.This June UAE officials claimed a decision was imminent,though they were still also considering Boeing’s 737MESA (multi-role electronically scanned array)AEW aircraft.Pakistan has been offered E-2s,but it now looks as though they may buythe APS-145radar for P-3Cs.India has re-jected the E-2C offer.Funding for Navy E-2C electronics upgrades will be worth more than $50million a year for at least another couple of years,with many of these improve-ments eventually destined for interna-tional Hawkeyes as well.Many current upgrades focus on C4I capabilities,for the evolution of E-2BMC2(battle manage-ment and command and control),includ-ing experimentation with narrowband and wideband Internet protocol concepts,to include technologies such as the high-frequency secure IP router network,AN/VRC-99digital IP radio as a surrogate to the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS),machine-to-machine digital data commu-nications,advanced digital networking system,tactical information services,co-operative and noncooperative identifica-tion,and open architecture hardware and software computing environments.These efforts have laid the founda-tion for growth to provide additional functional capabilities that satisfy evolv-ing operational requirements such as air-borne networking,joint sensor netting,tactical decision aids,advanced commu-nications,and the evolutionary growth of a combat identification and theater air and missile defense capability.The auto-matic identification system is a broadcast transponder system operating in the VHF maritime band that provides data ex-change from ship to ship,ship to shore,and shore to ship.Broadcast parametersinclude registry number,port of origin,latitude,longitude,course,speed,and other vessel characteristics.It is clear that the “C”in AEW&C is still important for traditional Navy requirements as well as new homeland security needs.But much of the Hawkeye “buzz”in recent months has been about the nearing completion of the newest and most capa-ble U.S.AEW&C radar,the all-new AN/APY-9(formerly ADS-18)Radar Modern-ization Program (RMP)system,being de-veloped for Northrop Grumman’s E-2D Advanced Hawkeye.The E-2D is in many ways a brand-new aircraft,despite an ex-ternal appearance very similar to the legacy E-2C,with an updated airframe,more powerful engines,an open architec-ture mission system,and integrated glass cockpit.ADS-18pre-SDD (system develop-ment and demonstration)funding was awarded to radar team leader Lockheed Martin in March 2002,with the $1.9-bil-lion SDD contract awarded in August 2003(about half of this will go for radar development),and a $408-million “pilot production”contract in July 2007.The L-3Randtron ADS-18passive phased-array RESA (rotating electronically scanned ar-ray)antenna has been in testing since 2002.In August and November 2007,two E-2Ds took their first testflights.The E-2D may look like its predecessor,but it is a far different aircraft.AWACS aircraft are much bigger,and more expensive,than the Hawkeye.The APY-9radar began flight testing with airborne targets in the spring of this estone C for low-rate initial pro-duction (LRIP)could occur as soon as early FY09,with delivery of the first LRIPfor the final four 767s bought by Japan —and were affordable only to the richest nations (or coalitions of nations)during the cold war —the USAF,NATO,the U.K.,and France.The other two buyers,Saudi Arabia and Japan,pretty much complete the list of the world’s richest nations of the last century.AWACS production has ended (in-cluding 34for the USAF from 1977to 1984),but with 72APY-2s to potentially remain in service for another 25years,continuing upgrades will be worth bil-lions of dollars.Recent efforts include the RSIP (radar system improvement pro-gram).The final USAF upgrade kit was installed in April 2005,but Japan con-tracted for four kits in 2006and Saudi Arabia for five more in mid-2008.20AEROSPACE AMERICA/NOVEMBER 2008aircraft in FY11.Initial operational capa-bility (IOC)is also planned for 2011.The APY-9is a hybrid,mechanically rotated,electronically steered (in azimuth)solid-state UHF-band radar designed to be less vulnerable to atmospheric attenuation and better able to detect small radar cross-section targets than are the much shorter wavelength X-band AESAs (active elec-tronically scanned arrays).The antenna can be slowed or stopped to dwell on tar-gets or stare in one direction,and uses space-time adaptive signal processing to reduce ground clutter and detect easier to detect targets,including land-launched ballistic and cruise missiles.The APY-9has a Northrop Grum-man high-power solid-state silicon-car-bide-based transmitter and Raytheon dig-ital receivers,with 18transmit/receive element channels,as well as three chan-nels for IFF.The APY-9is claimed to offer almost twice the detection range of the APS-145(perhaps 350n.mi.),and far su-perior near-land/overland performance.It is clear,however,that completion of APY-9development will result in a sub-stantial decrease of funding for the entire AEW&C market,as the APY-9and the huge E-2D program have driven techno-logical development recently.Nonethe-less,funding will remain around $200million a year for AEW&C upgrades.AWACS and MESA:High rollersThe Northrop Grumman AN/APY-2is the radar system at the heart of the E-3Sentry AWACS craft.AWACS planes are much larger than E-2Cs —Boeing 707s,exceptRSIP allows the detection of targets about 10times smaller than non-RSIP AWACS radars,including cruise missiles.Range resolution improves by six times,with a 70-100%increase in detection range,and much better range,altitude,and azimuth accuracy.RSIP radars are able to see targets with a 0.5-m radar cross section at 300n.mi.or more.The modifications include a new pulse-com-pressed waveform,two new adaptive sig-nal processors,and better electronic counter-countermeasures proofing.In August 2007,Japan awarded Boeing a $110-million contract for a software op-tion for Japan’s E-767RSIP.In early 2008,the billion-dollar NATO midterm modernization program was approaching full operational clear-ance,with 10of 17E-3AWACS aircraft already modified.This program has influ-enced the USAF Block 40/45upgrade.In July 2003,Boeing won a four-year system design and development contract from the Air Force for the AWACS Block 40/45battle management suite upgrade,to replace the current 1970s-era system.Block 40/45will replace current main-frame computers with three key systems:a data link infrastructure for target report scheduling,a primary AWACS display for a graphical user interface,and a multi-source integrator for multisensor data fu-sion and combat identification.In July 2006,the first Block 40/45AWACS completed its first test flight.In April 2007,Boeing began missionsystemSince winning Australia’s Wedgetail competition in July of1999,Northrop Grumman’s next-generation MESA radar on the E-737has picked up the torch from the APY-2on AWACS,as(poten-tially)the world’s premier AEW&C sys-tem.MESA is an electronically steerable, nonrotating,360-deg-coverage electroni-cally scanned array radar with interleaved multimode operations.Australia and Turkey are buying six and four aircraft respectively,and South Korea contracted for four more in2006. But development and aircraft deliveries have been delayed by2-3years—which might be fine for a U.S.program,but both Australia and Turkey may now charge Boeing as much as$500million each(or more)in late penalties.In June 2007,the office of the Australian defense minister confirmed that they will be seek-ing monetary damages,although the amount is confidential.This June Boeing added another four-month delivery delay. IOC for the first two aircraft has slipped to July2009,because of“extended valida-tion and flight test”(especially concerning MESA),with the final four to be delivered in late2009.BAE Systems Australia’s electronic support measures package is also seeing delays,and is not due to be installed until early2010.Boeing still maintains that Turkey’s and South Korea’s aircraft schedules will not be affected.Boeing took charges of$770million in2006,re-lated to Australia’s Wedgetail,and in July of this year announced another$250-mil-lion pretax charge in the second quarter.But despite these serious teething troubles,Teal Group expects foreign mil-itary sales to continue,and has made a moderate undetermined forecast.Now that the E-10A MC2A has been canceled, it is also possible that the USAF will wind up with some MESA E-737s.But Air Force buys likely would not occur until after our10-year forecast in any case,so we will wait with a prediction.Thus,looking at our procurement forecast,although E-2D Advanced Hawk-eye APY-9production will grow the mar-ket as platform numbers ramp up,the MESA radar should result in even more procurement funding as future orders are placed for the follow-on to the Air Force’s much more expensive AWACS.David L.RockwellTeal Groupdrockwell@ AEROSPACE AMERICA/NOVEMBER200821flight testing.Full-rate production couldbegin in2009,with IOC(five aircraftcomplete)slipping to2013.Ultimately,32USAF aircraft will be upgraded,at acost of more than$1billion.In the U.K.,the RAF was workingon its Project Eagle AWACS upgrade pro-gram in mid-2006,seeking new capabili-ties similar in many ways to the Block40/45upgrade.The U.K.intends to im-prove its AWACS capabilities as a hub fornetwork-enabled operations.The Air Force will not need newAWACS aircraft until well after2017,butthis would be either for Northrop Grum-man’s MESA radar or a new system en-tirely,perhaps aboard satellites,UAVs,orairships.Since plans for the multimodeE-10A multisensor command and con-trol aircraft have now been definitely can-celed,APY-2AWACS upgrades will con-tinue to see huge funding.In addition to these programs,inMay2001Boeing won a$7-billion“over-arching”AWACS modernization and sus-tainment support contract from the AirForce.In August2005,Northrop Grum-man signed a$1.2-billion contract toprovide aircraft maintenance and designengineering support services over thenext20years for the RAF’s AWACS air-craft.You get the idea....But there is also a next generationfor the larger,widebody jet AEW&C,which allows many more airborne crewand potentially much more effective C4I,as well as greater endurance(only todayare Hawkeyes even beginning to receivean in-flight refueling capability).Boeing has fallen behind on delivery of aircraft fitted with MESA radars.。
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The area inside and all around the building will be landscaped like a park, with more than 8,000 trees and plants. Steve Jobs said it was his goal to make 80 percent of the property green space. Much of the parking is hidden underground. 建筑内部和周边区域将用 8 千棵树木和植物美化得像一个公园。 乔布斯表示， 他的目标是使该建筑的 80% 为绿化空间。大部分停车场隐藏在地下。 There will also be running and biking paths and hundreds of bikes available for employee use. 里面还会有跑步和骑自行车的道路，以及数百辆自行车供员工使用。 Apple's goal of engineering and design perfection seemed to be very much alive throughout construction. One union official said every detail – no matter how small – always required approvals from Apple managers.苹果的工程学和完美设计的目标似乎在整个施工过程中都很活跃。一 位工会官员表示，无论大小的每个细节都需要苹果公司管理人员的批准。 The official told Reuters that all materials and operations were checked and rechecked by Apple's in-house team and construction contractors. Workers often wore gloves to protect the more delicate parts of Apple's new spaceship. 该官员对路透社表示，所有材料和工序都由苹果内部团队和承建商进行检查和复核。工人们经常戴着手套 以保护苹果新飞船总部非常精细的部分。 "It's like a painting that you don't want to touch," the official said. "It's definitely going to be something to see, if they let you in." 这名官员说：“它就像是一副你不想触碰的画。如果他们让你进去，它绝对值得一看。”
Jobs presented his plans for the project to local officials in June 2011, just months before his death. In the presentation, he outlined his plans to make a beautiful building inside and out. 乔布斯于 2011 年向当地官员提交了该项目的方案，也就是他去世前的几个月。他在介绍中概述了修建一 栋内外同样美丽的建筑的计划。 He noted that using curved glass all the way along the building would be expensive and complex, but well worth the effort. "There's not a straight piece of glass in the building," he said.他指出，在该建筑中全部使用弧形玻璃会很昂贵和复杂，但是这非常值得。他说，“建筑中没有一块 平面玻璃。” The main building actually houses the world's largest piece of curved glass. Thousands of smaller pieces were used to make a continuous glass wall that will stretch more than six kilometers.这一主体建筑实际上装备了全球最大的曲面玻璃。 并使用了数千块小块玻璃制造一个绵延超过 6 公里的玻璃墙。 The property includes a 1,000-seat auditorium for meetings and product launches. Employees also get access to a large fitness center, as well as sitting areas and cafes to buy food.该建筑包括一个拥有 1000 个座位的礼堂， 用于开会和产品发布。 员工们还可以使用大型健身中心以 及休息区和咖啡馆。 New home for over 14,000 employees 超过 1.4 万名员工的新总部 The entire property – also known as Apple Campus 2 – was built to hold all the company's employees in the area – up to 14,000. The campus includes research and testing buildings. It also has an "Energy Center" to store the power Apple generates itself. 整个建筑被称之为苹果 2 号园区，它被建造用于容纳该公司当地高达 1.4 万名的所有员工。该园区包括研 究和测试大楼。它还拥有一个能源中心用于储存苹果公司自己发的电。 The company says the property will be powered by 100 percent renewable energy. Architecture company Foster + Partners has overseen the project. It called the building "one of the most environmentally sustainable projects" in the world. 该公司表示，该建筑将采用 100%可再生能源供电。福斯特建筑公司监管了这一项目。该公司称该建筑是 全球环境最可持续的项目之一。
Apple is nearing completion of its new "spaceship" headquarters in northern California. 苹果快要建好了该公司位于加州北部的新的“太空飞船”总部。The company has been secretive about the project, just as it is about its new product development. But Apple officials have said they plan to move into the new headquarters in 2017.该公司一直对该项目保密，就像对待其新产品开 发一样。 但是苹果公司官员曾说他们计划在 2017 年搬入新总部。 Reuters news agency quotes people involved with the project as saying the move could happen as early as this spring. 路透社引用了参与该项目的人士的说法，称搬迁最早可能会在今年春天进行。 Construction began in late 2013 and the cost of the project is estimated to be at least $5 billion. The building is located in Cupertino, California, near Apple's current headquarters. 这一工程施工始于 2013 年末，预计该项目的费用至少为 50 亿美元。该建筑坐落在加州库比蒂诺市，邻 近苹果公司现有总部。 Many people have compared the design and construction to the way Apple has developed its most successful products. These methods include extreme attention to detail and creating visually pleasing features.很多人将这一设计和施工同苹果开发其最成功产品的 方式进行了比较。这些方式包括极度注重细节和创造视觉愉悦特征。 World's largest piece of curved glass 世界上最大的曲面玻璃 Apple employees and people involved in the construction have not said much publicly about the project.苹果员工以及施工参与者在公开场合对该项目没有多说。 However, some employees did tell Reuters that one iPhone design theme found throughout the building is rounded edges and corners. Some also said the elevator buttons reminded them of the iPhone's home button. Even the toilets seemed similar to the iPhone's square shape with rounded corners, they added.然而，一些员工对路透社表示，建筑中到处充斥着 iPhone 设计主题的圆润边角。有人还说，电梯按钮让他们想起来 iPhone 手机的 Home 键。他们补充说，即使是 厕所看上去也类似 iPhone 手机带圆角的方形。 The main structure of Apple's new headquarters was built as a complete circle with glass walls on all sides. It rises up four levels from the ground. Apple's late chief Steve Jobs once described the future building as looking "like a spaceship landed." 苹果新总部的主体结构是一个四周由玻璃墙组成的完整圆形，从地面算起有四层。苹果公司已故首席执行 官乔布斯曾经描述这一未来建筑看起来像是一艘着陆的太空飞船。