vpp 现在完成时

重点难点：
现在完成时：
构成：S+have/has+Vpp
用法：（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

常与just, yet，ever, never，already, before 连用。

1.Have you ________ been to Beijing? No, _____.
2.I have ______ finished my work.(已经).
3.They have ______ left here. (刚刚)
4.I have ______ (从来没有)met such a man __________. (以前) (2)表示动作或状态开始于过去, 一直延续到现在, 甚至还可能继续延续下去. 常与for , since, so far, in the past/ last +一段时间, recently 等连用。

动词用延续性动词。

常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换。

come/go –be in/on
go out-be out
leave – be away
begin/start – be on
buy – have
borrow – keep
join – be a member
die – be dead
catch a cold – have a cold
become – be
fall asleep – be asleep
open – be open
get to know – know
close-be closed
1.He died twenty years ago.
1) He ___ ____ _____for twenty years.
2.Jim came to the city last year.
1)Jim ___ ____ ____the city____one year.
3.have (has) been to sp.曾经去过某地，(或多少次)而现在不在某地have (has) gone to sp. 已经去了或正在去某地的路上
have (has) been in sp 在某地(多久).
1).The twins are not at home. They _________ the West Hill Farm.
2).A: Where ________you________? I’m looking for you.
B: I _________ the library.
3).---How long ______ his uncle _______ Germany?
--- I don’t know. But I know that he __________ there many times.
4).We can’t fi nd Zhang Ming .Where ___ he __?
A. does, go
B. does, gone C did , gone D. has , gone to
5).Neither you nor Jim ___ to Japan.
A have been B. has been C. went D. has gone
6).Where is your mother ? She ___ Shanghai. She won’t be back ___ next week.
A. has gone to ,until
B. has been to , until
C. has been to ,after
D. has gone to , after
4.寻找现在完成时中的―时间段
现在完成时态表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，多和表示一段时间的状语连用，其标志通常是―for+一段时间或―since+点时间
I have been a teacher for ten years old. 我当老师有十年了。

Have you worked in the city since three years ago?
你自从三年前就在这个城市工作吗？
注意：since作连词后接句子时，该从句一半过去时，其主句依然用完成时态.
5.寻找完成时态的状语标志
在做时态题时，句中现在完成时的状语标志是我们选用现在完成时态的首选条件。

常见的状语标志有yet, already, never, lately, recently, ever, just, before, twice(表示次数的词)等。

They haven't finished their work yet.他们还没有完成工作。

We have never seen a more interesting film. 我们从来没看过比这更有趣的电影。