河南历史文化介绍(英汉对照)

河南历史

河南是中华文明和中华民族最重要的发源地。4000多年前，河南为中国九州中心之豫州，故简称“豫”，且有“中州”、“中原”之称。河南是华夏民族早期主要居住的地方，也是今天绝大部分中国人的祖居之地。中国历史上绝大部分时间的政治、经济和文化中心都在河南，从中国历史上第一个王朝夏朝在河南建都起，先后有夏、商、西周（成周洛邑）、东周、西汉（初期）、东汉、曹魏、西晋、北魏、隋、唐（含武周）、五代、北宋和金等20多个朝代在河南定都。中国八大古都中，河南一省就占了四个，分别为夏商故都郑州、商都安阳、十三朝古都洛阳和七朝古都开封。

Henan is the birthland of the Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation. Locatd in the center of Chinese Kyushu,which was called “Yuzhou” at that time, Henan was called briefly “Yu” , Nakasu and central plains of China before 4000 years,. Henan is a main place for Chinese nation to live in the early days and also is a Ancestral home land for the vast majority of Chinese. The most of political movements, economic novations and cultural movements occurred in Hennan ,.There are more than 20 dynasties which was settled down in Hennan from the first dynasty－Xia dynasty in Chinese history which was built in henan province,such as Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties (into ZhouLuoYi), EasternZhou dynasty (early), and the Eastern Han dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin, the Northern Wei dynasty, Sui and Tang (including WuZhou), the Five Dynasties , and the Northern Song dynasty and Gold dynasty. There are eight famous ancient capitals in China and four of them are in Henan, namely Luoyang—thirteen dynasties ancient capital, Kaifeng—seven dynasties ancient capital, Anyang—Shang dynasty ancient capital and Zhengzhou—Xia and Shang dynasty ancient capital.

河南不仅被称为“中原”和“中州”，在历史上还曾被称为“中国”和“中土”。今天的“中国”是中华人民共和国的简称，但历史上最早的“中国”却是指以洛阳为中心的河南一带，这是史学界的共识。“中国”一词，在西周周武王时期意为“中央之国”。在3000多年前，周公在阳城(今河南登封，在洛阳附近)用土圭测度日影（今登封嵩山有周公测影台遗址），测得夏至这一天午时，八尺之表于周围景物均没有日影，便认为这是大地的中心，因此周朝谓之中国，并在附近营建了成周洛邑。洛阳也因此被历代文人认为“居天下之中”。

Henan was not only called “Central Plain” and “Central State”, and also has been called “China” and ” Central Land”. Today’s China is shorten from” Peoples’ Republic of China”, but in history, the “China” was refers to the Luoyang center for Henan area, this is a consensus in the h istoriography circle. The "China" was meant ”the central state” in the western zhou dynasty ZhouWuWang period.3000 years ago, Chou Kung measured the shadow in Yang city (Today’s Dengfeng City, nearby Luoyang City, we still can see the relics of the shadow measuring set ),in mid-summer solstice day, fund no shadows around the flagpole, So he thought this must be the center of the earth, this is why it was called “China” at that time, they built their capital “Luoyi” there. Luoyang was called “The middle of world” by Chinese literati from then.

由于河南不仅是中华文明和中华民族的重要发源地，而且数千年都是这片广阔土地的政治、经济和文化中心，所以“中国”一词渐渐成了正统国家的代称。历史上无论是入主中原的少数民族政权，还是失掉中原的汉族政权，都自称“中国”而不承认对方为“中国”。

Henan is not only the birthland of the Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation, but also the centre of political ,economic and culture for thousands of years in this land, so“Zhongguo” is representative as Orthodox country gradually. No matter the minority regimes who founded theirs nations in central plains, or the Han Chinese regimes who lost theirs countries called themselves as “Zhong guo” and didn’t admit opposite side s belonging to “Zhongguo”.

1：龙亭资料：

位于开封城内西北隅龙亭公园内，南接宋都御街。目前，以它为中心已经形成了开封最大的风景区，成为中外游客向往的旅游胜地，有开封揽胜必游龙亭之说。

龙亭是开封最大的风景区，公园面积为83.13公顷，其中水面过半。龙亭一带早在一千多年前曾是唐朝宣武军节度使衙署的所在地，后梁时改建为皇宫，名建昌宫。后晋、后汉、后周定都开封时仍以此地为宫室，改名为大宁宫。北宋时在此建大内皇宫，使之进入了历史极盛时期。金朝末年，这里再度成为皇宫禁苑。到了明代，朱元璋的第五子朱棣在