2007年4月自学考试自考全国英语词汇学历年试卷试题真题
全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one thatbest completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1．Which of the following is NOT a rhetorical feature of idioms?（）A．Phonetic manipulation. B．Lexical manipulation.C．Figures of speech. D．Phrasal verbs.2．The sentence “I like Mary better than you.” is ambiguous due to ______.（）A．extra-linguistic context B．lexical contextC．grammatical context D．homonymy3．Which of the following is NOT one of the obvious characteristics of the basic word stock?（）A．Creativity. B．Stability.C．Duality. D．All national character.4．Which of the following is NOT considered as an inflectional affix?（）A．-es B．-orC．-est D．-er5．The following are user-friendly features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, except ______. （）A．extra column B．clear grammar codesC．usage notes D．language notes6．Which of the following is a case of suffixation? （）A．Hemisphere. B．Attempt.C．NA TO. D．Respondent.7．Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words?（）A．The rapid development of modern science and technology.B．Geographical and political changes.C．The influence of other cultures and languages.D．Social and economic changes.18．Webster’s New World Dictionary is a(n) ______ dictionary. （）A．unabridged B．deskC．pocket D．encyclopedic9．Angel, martyr and paradise have their meanings ______ because of the influence of Christianity.（）A．elevated B．degradedC．narrowed D．extended10．As far as denotation is concerned, relative synonyms may differ ______. （）A．in the diachronic approach B．in the stylistic and emotive colouring of words C．in usage in simple terms D．in the range and intensity of meaning 11．Which of the following is NOT true about Old English? （）A．Uses of Old English borrowed heavily from Latin and other languages.B．Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000.C．Old English refers to the English language used from 450 to 1150.D．Old English was a highly inflected language.12．Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions. Which of the following is NOT an example of neologisms? （）A．SARS. B．Can-opener.C．Futurology. D．Freak out.13．Which of the following words is morphologically motivated? （）A．Black market. B．Greenhorn.C．Hopeless. D．Neigh.14．In the sentence “Italian artists were more active in the quattrocento than in the sixteenth century which followed.” The meani ng of quattrocento can be inferred from the clue of ______. （）A．definition B．explanationC．example D．relevant detail15．Tooth and nail is an idiom ______ in nature. （）A．norminal B．adjectivalC．adverbial D．verbal2II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16．The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the ______________. 17．Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ______________.18．In the word “post-war”, “post-” is a prefix of ______________.19．Functional words such as preparations, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong ______________meaning.20．Relative synonyms also called ______________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1) meaning of prefixes; 2) type of word formations; 3)types of meaning changes and4) types of idioms. (10%)A B（）21．Ultr- A. backformation（）22．burgle B. initialism（）23．pop C. transfer of sensation（）24．clear-sounding D. before（）25．VOA E. brim (water’s edge —the top edge of a cup) （）26．fore- F. mistress（）27．degradation G. succeed（）28．kick the bucket H. clipping（）29．extension I. die（）30．make it J. extremeIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) historical stage of English vocabulary; 2) origins of homonyms; 3) types of meanings; 4) sources of synonyms;5) causes of ambiguity and 6) types of motivations. (10%)31．ball, ball （）32．a hard businessman （）33．friend or foe （）334．miniskirt （）35．an attractive ball （）36．lie –distort the fact （）37．occupation-walk of life （）38．coffee （）39．mother (love, care) （）40．enrich （）V. Define the following terms. (10%)41．loan words42．specialized dictionary43．conversion44．lexical context45．ameliorationVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46．What are bound morphemes? Illustrate your point.47．Why is context very important for the understanding of word-meaning?48．What is the difference between associative meaning and conceptual meaning?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49．Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agree or disagree to this comment? State your reason(s) with at least three examples. 50．Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.4。
2007年4月全国自考英语(一)真题参考答案
做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答!2007年4月全国自考英语(一)真题参考答案一、Vocabulary and Structure(10 points,1 point for each item)1.Mary______be Canadian,for she‟s got a British passport.A.can‟tB.isn‟t able toC.mustn‟tD.needn‟t答案：A2.As his parents died when he was young,he was______by his uncle.A.brought upB.grown upC.brought outD.taken out答案：A3.What do you_____to do about the problem now that this solution has failed?A.inclineB.intendC.pretendD.think答案：B4.I had never expected you to turn____at the meeting. I thought you were inShanghai.A.aroundB.onC.inD.up答案：D5.They have to stay with us______the time being because they have not found aplace yet.A.duringB.inC.forD.since答案：C6.Sixty percent of television viewers chose him as their______host.A.popularB.preferredC.favoriteD.favored答案：C7.Don‟t call me at the office_____it‟s absolutely necessary.A.exceptB.unlessC.sinceD.if答案：B8.Each one of us,______old or young, is a valuable member of society.A.howeverB.wheneverC.whoeverD.no matter答案：A9.Diamonds are the hardest substance_______in nature.A.findB.foundC.findingD.to find答案：B10.Tony likes walking in the country and_______.A.also does MaryB.Mary does alsoC.so Mary doesD.so does Mary答案：D二、Cloze Test(10 points,1 point for each)1. A study by the World Wildlife Fund reveals that the human race is destroyingthe earth at a pace that is(1)fast for its capacity to support life.(2), it pointsout that the extra planets (equal to the earth in size) will be required by the year2050 as(3)resources are exhausted.The report, (4)on scientific data from across the world, shows that over(5)of thenatural world has been destroyed by human beings over the past three decades. Itwarns that consumption rates must be rapidly lowered,(6)the earth will no longer beable to support population growth.The report offers a clear warning(7)people either stop their present life style orrisk(8)the burden on scientists to locate another planet that can support human life.It is not just humans who are at risk.(9), who examined data for 350 kinds of mammals (哺乳动物), birds and fish, found that the(10)of many species had reduced more than a half during the period.(1).(A).so(B).too(C).very(D).much答案：B(2).(A).However(B).Too(C).Except for(D).In addition答案：D(3).(A).producing(B).developing(C).existing(D).affecting答案：C(4).(A).insisted(B).blamed(C).debated(D).based答案：D(5).(A).three(B).thirds(C). a third(D).third答案：C(6).(A).or(B).and(C).so(D).but答案：A(7).(A).that(B).which(C).whose(D).when答案：A(8).(A).left(B).leaving(C).leave(D).to leave答案：B(9).(A).Scientists(B).Reporters(C).Officials(D).Clerks答案：A(10).(A).accounts(B).members(C).amounts(D).numbers答案：D三、Reading Comprehension(30 points,2 points for each)1.There was a strange girl in my high school whom we all called the Bird. Wecalled her that because of her nervous, birdlike movements. Her skin looked as if it had never felt the sun, and there was usually a red spot in the middle of herforehead. She had thin black hair on her arms long enough to comb, and she wore clothes that h ad been out of fashion since Shirley Temple‟s time. She was so often laughed at that it shames me to this day to think that I was part of it. Oh, Inever laughed at her in her face; I wasn‟t that brave. I‟d wait until she hurriedby and join the oth er guys. And it‟s important when you‟re a teenager to join inthe laughter so that the laughter will not turn on you.I remember one day when the Bird was surrounded by three or four rude guys who had stopped her in the hall between classes. They were moving their arms up and down like birds and shouting in her ear. She was terrified and there was fright in her eyes. A couple of her books fell to the floor. Then this girl came out of nowhere.I‟d never seen such anger in a girl before. She went up to the leader of the guys and shouted angrily, “Stop it! Can‟t you see what you‟re doing?”The guys backed off, astonished. Then the girl went over to the Bird and put her arm around her shoulders and walked her to class.I thought about the Bird when I read about Nathan Faris, the little boy who shot a classmate and killed himself after being laughed at by the kids in his school. I thought of how I had been part of her misery, how more than twenty years later itstill bothered me. But I also thought of what I had learned that day about respect and bravery, about being a human being, from a girl whose name I don‟t even know. And I wonder whether that one act of kindness might have saved another girl‟s life.(1).The girl was called the Bird mainly because of her____.(A).outdated dress(B).color of her hair(C).birdlike actions(D).physical appearance答案：C(2).The author joined other teenagers in laughing at the Bird because he____.(A).feared that they would laugh at him(B).did not dare to laugh at her in her face(C).shared their opinion of her nervous actions(D).was ashamed of her peculiar movements答案：A(3).When the kind girl came to the Bird‟s help, the teenagers were____.(A).shocked(B).afraid(C).angry(D).ashamed答案：A(4).The story of Nathan Faris reminded the author that____.(A).he should have asked the girl‟s name(B). a kind act may change a person‟s life(C).the girl had saved the life of the Bird(D).boys were not as brave as girls in school答案：B(5).What the author learns from the kind girl is____.(A).shame and misery(B).shame and kindness(C).respect and courage(D).respect and lovePassage Two答案：C2. A group of college students were telling frightening stories. Eventually, agirl from a small town in Michigan broke in. “I know a more frightening story than any of those!”she announced. “And the most fright ening thing is, this one istrue. It happened to a girl my sister knew.”She began her story.“One stormy evening, the girl went to babysit at a houseway out in the country. She was feeling a little nervous when the phone rang. When she answered, a man said, …Have you checked the child?‟and laughed strangely. She was scared to death when a few minutes later the guy called again and said the same thing. She checked the child and called the operator to get the calls traced. Soon the operator called back to say,…Get out of the house! He‟s in the house withyou!‟So she got hold of the child and ran out into the rain. Later, the policefound this escaped prisoner in the parents‟upstairs bedroom.”“But wait a minute!”called out the girl‟s roommate from Iowa.“That didn‟thappen in Michigan. It happened near my hometown long ago when my mother was in school. The guy had escaped from a madhouse.” “Well, it sounds an awful lot like something that happened a few years ago to a friend of my brother‟s inColor ado,”said another student.“Only the guy actually caught the babysitter.”What‟s going on here? How could the same event have happened to three different babysitters in three different parts of the country at three different times? It iswhat we call urban legend (都市传奇), which is the modern version of American folk tales. Urban legends are modern and sound real to us. They are humorous, unexpected, and often frightening, though they probably never happened.(1).The girl from Michigan believed her story to be the most frightening because____.(A).it actually happened(B).it happened on a stormy night(C).it involved a dangerous person(D).it happened far away in the country答案：A(2).In the story told by the girl from Michigan, the prisoner____.(A).escaped from the house(B).caught the babysitter(C).was arrested by the police(D).called from the girl‟s home答案：C(3).According to the girl from Iowa, the guy in the house was____.(A). a runaway prisoner(B).an escaped mad person(C). a classmate of her mother(D). a friend of her brother‟s答案：B(4).The author uses three different versions of the same story to____.(A).illustrate what urban legend is(B).show the false nature of the story(C).emphasize the truth of the story(D).prove life in the country is dangerous答案：A(5).According to the passage, urban legends are____.(A).always horrible and scary(B).very difficult to believe(C).enjoyed by college students(D).part of the folk tale tradition答案：D3.By the time she got the box open, Nancy was so excited that she could hardly contain herself. Eagerly she removed the cotton surrounding the small object inside the box, and held it up to the light. It glittered and sparkled (闪闪发光)—made alive by the bright sunlight pouring through the window.Nancy turned the object slowly in her hands, first this way and then that way. It continued to sparkle and shine as if it had a light of its own. She cried out in delight. Her diamond engagement ring had been found and returned to her, just as the woman on the phone had promised.For two weeks, Nancy almost collapsed after losing the ring on the subway. She had placed ads in the newspapers and on the radio, offering a reward for the returnof the ring. And, she had almost given up hope when the phone call came.A kind, elderly female voice informed her that she had found the ring between seat cushions (坐垫). She had called, she said, to make sure of the exact addressand had promised to return the ring by insured mail the next day. And then she had added sweetly:“There‟s no need to send a reward either. I lost my engagement ringonce when I was young, and some kind, unknown person returned it to me the next day.I feel I‟m only paying back an old debt of thanks.”Nancy had thanked the finder profusely and asked her name, but the other woman had said that it wasn‟t important. And, now, here was the ring once again in herhand. She put it back on her finger and breathed a huge sigh of relief.(1).The word “object” in the first and second paragraphs refers to the____.(A).box(B).ring(C).cotton(D).sunlight答案：B(2).After she lost the ring, Nancy did all the following EXCEPT____.(A).she placed ads on the radio(B).she placed ads on the radio(C).she offered a reward for its finder(D).she called the kind, elderly woman答案：D(3).The elderly woman told Nancy that she found the ring____.(A).in a box(B).in the cotton(C).on the subway(D).in the insured mail答案：C(4).The woman refused to accept Nanc y‟s offer of reward because____.(A).the reward was not important to her(B).an unknown finder gave the ring to her(C).she did not consider it a sincere offer(D).she had had the same experience before答案：D(5).Nancy breathed a huge sigh of relief because____.(A).she had finally paid off her debt of thanks(B).she had finally got the engagement ring back(C).the woman had refused her offer of reward(D).the woman had promised to send her the ringPART TWO答案：B四、Word Spelling(10 points,1 point for two words)1.将下列汉语单词译成英语。
英语词汇学自考题-17_真题-无答案
英语词汇学自考题-17(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ.1. Lexicology is a branch of ______.A. language B. meaning C. linguistics D. etymology2. Lexicology inquires into the ______ and meanings of words.A. relations B. disciplines C. origins D. development3. English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as ______, semantics, stylistics, etymology, lexicography.A. idioms B. grammar C. morpheme D. morphology4. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of ______ construct.A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root5. Modern English is derived from the languages of early ______ tribes with a fairly small vocabulary.A. Germanic B. Pacific C. Roman D. Celtic6. English lexicology deals with English ______.A. grammar B. vocabulary C. pronunciation D. spelling7. Stylistics is the study of style. It is concerned with the user's choices of linguistic elements in a particular ______ for special effects.A. situation B. context C. time D. place8. Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a ______ difference.A. spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic9. Semantics is the study of meanings of different ______ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic10. ______ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. Semantics is the study of the meaning of words.A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics11. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and ______.A. chronic B. realistic C. specific D. diachronic12. The "wife" now means "a married woman", but it has an obsolete meaning "woman" which is only preserved in "midwife", "housewife", etc. This is from a ______ point of view.A. diachronic B. synchronic C. prescriptive D. descriptive13. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.A. sounds B. meaning C. form D. function14. A word is a ______ that stands for something else in the world.A. symbol B. system C. structure D. pattern15. A word is ______ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A.a smallest form B. a minimal free form C. a constituent form D. a separate part16. We consider that the written form of a natural language is the written record of the ______ form.A. written B. practical C. oral D. grammatical17. The reason for that more and more differences occur between sound and form is that the English alphabet was adopted from the ______.A. Pacifics B. Germanics C. Celtics D. Romans18. In different languages, the same concept can be represented by ______ and the same sound can show ______.A. different sounds; different meanings B. same sounds; different meanings C. different sounds; same meanings D. same sounds; same meanings19. The differences between sound and form are due to the following EXCEPT ______.A. the fact of more phonemes than letters in English B. stabilization of spelling by printing C. influence of the work of scribes D. innovations made by linguists20. In old English sound and form are ______.A. different B. not the same C. consistent greatly D. inconsistent greatly21. The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.A. more slowly than B. as quickly as C. more rapidly than D. notso quickly as22. In spite of the differences, at least ______ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns.A. sixty B. seventy C. eighty D. ninety23. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over ______ words.A. one billion B. two million C. two billion D. one million24. If we classify English words by use frequency, the two types of words are ______.A. the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary B. content words and functional words C. native words and borrowed words D. functional words and notional words25. Words can be classified according to the following criteria except ______.A. notion B. use frequency C. foundation D. origin26. Words may fall into content words and functional words by ______.A. use frequency B. notion C. origin D. stability27. Words of the basic word stock denote the **mon things and phenomena of the world around us. Which of the following words is related to the natural phenomena?A. Father. B. Fire. C. Evil. D. Old.28. Which of the following is not one of the obvious characteristics of the basic word stock? ______A. Creativity. B. Stability. C. Duality. D. All national character.29. Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. foot is the father of football, footage and footprint. This demonstrates that one of the characteristics of the words of the basic stock is ______.A. productivity B. polysemy C. stability D. collocability30. ______ refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and **municate among themselves.A. Slang B. Argot C. Jargon D. Archaism31. Nonbasic vocabulary includes ______.A. argot and jargon B. archaisms and neologisms C. technical terms D. all the above32. Which category do the following words fall into: photoscanning, trigonometry, sonata and audiovisual?A. Neologism. B. Jargon. C. Terminology. D. Slang.33. ______ belong to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. Terminology B. Jargon C. Slang D. Argot34. ______ are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. Neologisms B. Archaisms C. Jargons D. Terminologies35. The expression "can-opener", which means all-purpose key, belongs to ______.A. slangs B. terminologies C. argots D. archaisms36. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions. Which of the following is not an example of neologisms?A. SARS. B. Can-opener. C. Futurology. D. Freak out.37. ______ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. Argots B. Slangs C. Jargons D. Dialectal words38. ______ constitute the main body of the English vocabulary.A. Functional words B. Content words C. Numerals D. Pronouns39. Which types of words belong to functional words?A. Adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions. B. Adjectives, nouns, articles. C. Articles, prepositions, conjunctions. D. Verbs, pronouns, prepositions.40. Which of the following is not content word?A. Five. B. And. C. Earth. D. Never.41. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as ______ words.A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal42. There are ______ functional words in the following sentence. It is fun to play with children.A.3 B.4 C.5 D. 643. "I'm sure that they **e today."There are ______ content words in the above sentence.A. 2 B.3 C.4 D. 544. Native words have ______ features.A. two B. seven C. five D. six45. Which are the features of native words?A. All national characters. B. Neutral in style. C. Frequent in use. D. All the above.46. The words borrowed from French or Latin are mostly ______.A. colloquial B. informal C. formal D. slangy47. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute ______ percent of the modern Englishvocabulary.A. 60 B. 70 C. 80 D. 9048. ______ are loan words that have naturalized or assimilated in English.A. Denizens B. Semantic-loans C. Translation-loans D. Aliens49. Which of the following isn't the denizen? A. Port. B. Cup. C.D. Skirt.50. Which of the following isn't the alien? A. B. Bazaar. C. Shift.D. Emir.51. Which of the following doesn't belong to the translation-loans?A. Mother tongue. B. Long time no see. C. Black humour. D. Status quo.52. The word "kowtow" in English is called an alien word because ______.A. it is a newly-created word from another language B. it has been assimilated into the English language C. it has undergone a semantic change D. it has retained its original pronunciation53. Which of the following belongs to the semantic-loans?A. Change. B. Pork. C. Dream. D. Tea.。
2007年4月自学考试自考浙江省英语词汇学历年试卷试题真题
2007年4⽉⾃学考试⾃考浙江省英语词汇学历年试卷试题真题浙江省2007年4⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (15%, 1 point for each)1．In Lexicology, we shall study ______.( )A．the combination of morphemes into wordsB. the development of speech sounds of EnglishC．the stylistic effect of sentencesD．the structure of discourse2. Of the four characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ______. ( )A．all national character B. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability3. The first peoples known to inhabit the British Isles were ______. Their languages were dialects of still another branch of the Indo-European Language Family ______.( )A．German/Germanic B. Celts/CelticC. Italian/ItalicD. Sweden/Swedish4. The modes of modern English vocabulary grow through three major channels: ______, semantic change, ______.( ) A．exchange/lending B. derivation/borrowingC. creation/borrowingD. affixation/creation5. Almost all mono-morphemic ______ can be conversed into nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways.( )A．verbs B. adjectivesC. adverbsD. prepositions6．In most cases a noun can be converted to a verb ______. ( )A．with some changes1B. without any changeC. with some changes in spellingD. without any change in pronunciation7.Back-formation is the method of creating new words by ______ the so-called suffixes.( ) A．removing B. combiningC. shorteningD. considering8. Words mainly involved in conversion are ______.( )A．nouns, verbs and adverbsB. nouns, adjectives and verbsC. nouns, prepositions and verbsD.adjectives, adverbs and verbs9. Grammatical meaning does not include ______.( )A．part of speech B. plural forms of nounsC. tensesD. appropriateness10.According to different demands the major types of dictionaries are ______.( ) A．monolingual, bilingual and multilingualB. general and specializedC. pocket, medium-sized and unabridgedD. all of the above11. Non-basic vocabulary includes ______.( )A．argot and jargon B. archaisms and neologismsC. technical termsD. all the above12. Associative meaning is NOT affected by ______.( )A．experience B. cultureC. languageD. education13. The process of meaning relation is also called ______.( )A．extension B. degradation2C. specializationD. elevation14．Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally ______.( ) A．movable B. unstableC. unchangeableD. ununderstandable15. The relationship between words and things in the world is established by means of ______.( )A．reference B. senseC. conceptD. meaningⅡ.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)16. English is more closely related to German than French.( )17. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period.( )18. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are advances in science and technology as well as influence of foreign cultures and languages. ( )19. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems. ( )20. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit, so the internal structure cannot be changed. ( )21. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word-formation which indicates the attitude of the user.( )22. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations which are generally found in the dictionary.( )23. The origins of the words are a key factor in distinguishing homonyms from polysemants. ( )24. Relative terms are relational opposites, which include verbs reversing the action of each other.( )25. Antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.( )3Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to the sense relations. (10%, 1 point for each)26.（） 27.（） 28.（） 29.（） 30. （）31.（） 32.（） 33.（） 34.（） 35. （）Ⅳ.Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)36. World languages can be grouped into roughly ______ language families on the basis of similarities in the basis word stock and grammar.37. Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England, and it can be subdivided into ______ more stages.38. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a ______ quantity of words borrowed form Latin and Scandinavian.39. The words of the basic word stock form the common ______ of the language.40. Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are ______.4Ⅴ.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed. (10%, 2 points for each) Example: disobey (Affixation)41. airline （）42. shadow (v) （）43. exploitation （）44. swimmer （）45. motel （）Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. (20%, 5 points for each)46. What is vocabulary?47. What is motivation?48. What are the major sources of English synonyms?49. What are the causes of semantic change?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the given sentence(s). Pick out the idiom in the sentence, and point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech. (15%)50. She told me that he was Jack of all trades.5。
历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案
2000年4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷及答案第一局部选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.〔30%〕1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.〔〕A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.〔〕A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.〔〕A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.〔〕A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.〔〕A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.〔〕A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.〔〕A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenic8 pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.〔〕A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.〔〕A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?〔〕A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.〔〕A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.〔〕A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.〔〕A. long〔not short〕B. ball〔a dancing party〕C. rock〔rock'n'roll〕D. ad〔advertisement〕14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.〔〕A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?〔〕A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二局部非选择题Ⅱplete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.〔10%〕16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context. Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.〔10%〕A B21.Scandinavian〔〕l〔place where things are made〕22.Germanic〔〕B.grammatical23.extension〔〕C.double meaning24.narrowing〔〕D.Swedish25.linguistic〔〕E prehend/understand26.ambiguity〔〕F.Dutch27.participants〔〕G.degermined28.difference in denotation〔〕H.pigheaded29.appreciative〔〕I.non-linguistic30.pejorative〔〕J.iron〔a device for smoothing clothes〕Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1〕types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2〕types of word formation or prefixes.〔10%〕31.predict〔〕32.motel〔〕33.potatoes〔〕34.blueprint〔〕35.preliminaries〔〕36.Southward〔〕37.demilitarize〔〕38.hypersensityve〔〕39.retell〔〕40.multi-purposes〔〕Ⅴ.Define the following terms.〔10%〕41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.〔12%〕46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.〔18%〕49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.答案2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.(30%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.〔head+tail〕blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversativ38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1〕Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2〕Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3〕Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4〕Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18%)49.1〕Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection〔re+collect+ion〕,nationalist 〔nation+al+ist〕,unearthly〔un+earth+ly〕.2〕Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3〕All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.50.1〕the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine〔3分〕2〕proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking〔1分〕3〕using an old saying is more persuasive〔2分〕4〕the short form saves time, more colloquial〔2分〕5〕indicates intimacy or close relationship〔1分〕2001年4月份全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案英语〔本科〕专业第一局部选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statementand put the letter in the bracket〔30％〕1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二局部非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book〔10％〕16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1〕types of meaning changes;2〕types ofmeaning;3〕language branches and 4〕features of idioms〔10％〕A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1〕types of bound morphemes underlined;2〕types of wordformations;3〕types of meaning and 4〕types of meaning of idioms.〔10％〕31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms〔10％〕41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.〔12％〕46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.〔18％〕49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explainwhy and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.英语词汇学试题参考答案第一局部选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statementand put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二局部非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types ofmeaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of wordformation；3〕types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process ofsemantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点：Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii〕次要意义由主要意义辐射ii〕由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii〕名词语义互不依赖iii〕最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：〔1〕break up an idiom into pieces〔2分〕〔2〕an unusual case of using idioms〔1分〕〔3〕in literature or popular press for special effect〔1分〕注：语言扣分不得超过1分〔语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分〕48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of theword-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share theconceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. 答案要点1〕Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.〔2分〕2〕Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense andfigurative sense of the word.(3分)3〕In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon tofight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：〔1〕it is ambiguous〔2分〕〔2〕ambiguity caused by the structure〔2分〕〔3〕stop drinking can be understood as1〕police stop drinking by themselves (1分)2〕police stop people drinking (1分)〔4〕improvement〔3分〕1〕The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2〕The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.2002年4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷第一局部选择题Ⅰ. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ____.A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above [ ]2. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example:A. ad for "advertisement"B. dish for "food"C. fond for" affectionate"D. an editorial for "an editorial article" [ ]3. It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over______.A. the reader's interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's mten6onD. the etymology of the word [ ]4 .Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi- [ ]5. Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's EncyclopediC English DictionaryD. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. [ ]7. The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form __A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context [ ]8. "Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Centre." The clue provided in the context is___.A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponymy [ ]9. The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that___.A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field [ ]10. The idiom "a dark horse" is a___.A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification [ ]11. An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ___ and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analysableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood [ ]12. We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to___.A. morphological strucmreB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context [ ]13. What causes the ambiguity of the sentence "I like Mary better than Janet"?A. Vocabulary.B. Situation.C. Structure.D. None of the above. [ ]14. Early Modem English refers to the language spoken___.A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 1800 [ ]15. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known asA. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes [ ]Ⅱ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. _______ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17. The word ____________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry, ".18. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or_______.19. When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates________20. Almost ,all affixes are ________morphemes because few can be used as independent words. III. Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)senserelations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)mofivafion .(10 %)A B21. reiteration ( ) A. high and low22. repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23. juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24. perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25. personification ( ) E. hiss26. porms ( ) F. bear; bear27. come ( ) G. twitter28. heart ( ) H. cat29. birds ( ) I. port30. snakes ( ) J. heart and soulIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify1) types of context clues; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms. (10%)31. making a restatement of a new word or concept in fanfiliar words ( )32. sitcom ( )33. the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34. from cradle to grave ( )35. might and main ( )36. fax ( )37. disobey, impolite, ( )38. hussy: "housewife"→ "a woman of low morals" ( )39. disease: "discomfort" → "illness" ( )40. fond: "foolish" → "affectionate" ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. dictionary42. pejoration43. idioms nominal in nature44. Germanic45. allomorphVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What are the stylistic features of idioms?47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner.全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡplete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D 26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows as noun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. forC. threeD. five2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-SaxonD. Celtic4. The idiom “Jack of all trades〞results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.A. Free rootsB. Free morphemesC. Bound morphemesD. Meaningful units6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.A. the growth of science and technologyB. economic and political changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. all the above7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. semantic changeD. both B and C8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important?A. StabilityB. Collocability.C. Productivity.D. National character.9. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason and psychological reasonC. class reason and psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are listed under one headword in a dictionaryD. all the above11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing12. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. rhetorical functionD. none of the above13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______A. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.A. lexical meaningB. associative meaningC. collocative meaningD. grammatical meaning15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.A. socialB. verbalC. lexicalD. physicalII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. In the course book, the idioms are classified according to ______ functions.17. Linguistic context can be further divided into ______ context and grammatical context.18. The ______ languages made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with a few place names like Avon, kent, Themes.19. Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be ______.20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) stylistic meanings; 2)language groups; 3)degrees of inflections and 4) onomatopoeic motivation. (10%)A B( )21. apes A. colloquial( )22. Old English B. a language of full endings( )23. Irish C. Italic( )24. tiny D. very formal and official( )25. French E. yelp( )26. cattle F. poetic( )27. domicile G. Celtic( )28. abode H. gibber( )29. foxes I. a language of leveled endings( )30. Middle English J. lowⅣ. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of meaning and 3) types of motivation. (10%)31. mismanage ( )32. elephants-trumpet ( )。
全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题
全国2007年4⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1．Which of the following is NOT a rhetorical feature of idioms?（ ）A．Phonetic manipulation.B．Lexical manipulation.C．Figures of speech.D．Phrasal verbs.2．The sentence “I like Mary better than you.” is ambiguous due to ______.（ ）A．extra-linguistic contextB．lexical contextC．grammatical contextD．homonymy3．Which of the following is NOT one of the obvious characteristics of the basic word stock? （ ）A．Creativity.B．Stability.C．Duality.D．All national character.4．Which of the following is NOT considered as an inflectional affix?（ ）A．-esB．-orC．-estD．-er5．The following are user-friendly features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, except ______. （ ）A．extra columnB．clear grammar codesC．usage notesD．language notes6．Which of the following is a case of suffixation? （ ）A．Hemisphere.B．Attempt.C．NATO.D．Respondent.7．Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words?（ ）A．The rapid development of modern science and technology.B．Geographical and political changes.C．The influence of other cultures and languages.D．Social and economic changes.8．Webster’s New World Dictionary is a(n) ______ dictionary. （ ）A．unabridgedB．deskC．pocketD．encyclopedic9．Angel, martyr and paradise have their meanings ______ because of the influence of Christianity.（ ）A．elevatedB．degradedC．narrowedD．extended10．As far as denotation is concerned, relative synonyms may differ ______. （ ）A．in the diachronic approachB．in the stylistic and emotive colouring of wordsC．in usage in simple termsD．in the range and intensity of meaning11．Which of the following is NOT true about Old English? （ ）A．Uses of Old English borrowed heavily from Latin and other languages.B．Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000.C．Old English refers to the English language used from 450 to 1150.D．Old English was a highly inflected language.12．Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions. Which of the following is NOT an example of neologisms? （ ）A．SARS.B．Can-opener.C．Futurology.D．Freak out.13．Which of the following words is morphologically motivated? （ ）A．Black market.B．Greenhorn.C．Hopeless.D．Neigh.14．In the sentence “Italian artists were more active in the quattrocento than in the sixteenth century which followed.” The meaning of quattrocento can be inferred from the clue of ______. （ ）A．definitionB．explanationC．exampleD．relevant detail15．Tooth and nail is an idiom ______ in nature. （ ）A．norminalB．adjectivalC．adverbialD．verbalII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16．The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the ______________.17．Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ______________.18．In the word “post-war”, “post-” is a prefix of ______________.19．Functional words such as preparations, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong______________meaning.20．Relative synonyms also called ______________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1) meaning of prefixes;2) type of word formations;3)types of meaning changes and4) types of idioms. (10%) A B（ ）21．Ultr- A. backformation（ ）22．burgle B. initialism（ ）23．pop C. transfer of sensation（ ）24．clear-sounding D. before（ ）25．VOA E. brim (water’s edge —the top edge of a cup)（ ）26．fore- F. mistress（ ）27．degradation G. succeed（ ）28．kick the bucket H. clipping（ ）29．extension I. die（ ）30．make it J. extremeIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify1) historical stage of English vocabulary;2) origins of homonyms;3) types of meanings;4) sources of synonyms;5) causes of ambiguity and 6) types of motivations. (10%)31．ball, ball （ ）32．a hard businessman （ ）33．friend or foe （ ）34．miniskirt （ ）35．an attractive ball （ ）36．lie –distort the fact （ ）37．occupation-walk of life （ ）38．coffee （ ）39．mother (love, care) （ ）40．enrich （ ）V. Define the following terms. (10%)41．loan words42．specialized dictionary43．conversion44．lexical context45．ameliorationVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46．What are bound morphemes? Illustrate your point.47．Why is context very important for the understanding of word-meaning?48．What is the difference between associative meaning and conceptual meaning?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49．Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agree or disagree to this comment? State your reason(s) with at least three examples. 50．Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.。
历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案
历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷及答案第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（）A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（）A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（）A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（）A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（）A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（）A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially_______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（）A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenic/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763 2301274c9.html pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.（）A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?（）A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.（）A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.（）A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.（）A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.（）A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?（）A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________./doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763 2301274c9.html ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context. Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（）/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763230 1274c9.html l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（）B.grammatical23.extension（）C.double meaning24.narrowing（）D.Swedish25.linguistic（）/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763230 1274c9.html prehend/understand26.ambiguity（）F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly 50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.答案4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.(30%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversativ38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5thcentury by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18%)49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist （nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）4月份全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案英语（本科）专业第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in whicha word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types ofmeaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/。
词汇 第6单元历年试题
英语词汇学试题课程代码：008322002年4月1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonyms (书：homograph)C. homophonesD. all the aboveKey: D, p 100ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday. Key: p 117Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday2003年4月4.The way to define an antonym is based on . ( ) A．contradiction B．contrarinessC．oppositeness D．relativenessKey: C p1115.The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified by .( )A．Roget’s Thesaurus B．Concise Oxford Dictionary C．New Webster’s Dictionary D．Co-build DictionaryKey: A p12043.synonymKey: p104ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of subordinates and superordinates.a. The girl got a book in the university.b. The girl borrowed a dictionary from the department.Key: P117-1182004年4月10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are listed under one headword in a dictionaryD. all the aboveKey: D p10250. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celeryKey: p132/2142005年4月1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy. They are（ ）A. primary and secondaryB. central and peripheralC. diachronic and synchronicD. formal and functionalKey: C p963. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:（ ）A. absolute and relativeB. absolute and completeC. relative and nearD. complete and identicalKey: A p10411. Sources of homonyms include（ ）A. changes in sound and spellingB. borrowingC. shorteningD. all of the aboveKey: D p10119. Radiation and ___________ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy. Key: concatenation p9848. What is polysemy? Illustrate your points.Key: p952006年4月2. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely, _________.（ ）A. extension, increase and expansionB. denotation, connotation and applicationC. comprehension, understanding and knowingD. polysemy, homograph and homophoneKey: B p10747. What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms? Illustrate your points.Key: p 10711. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _________.（ ）A. its referentB. its referring expressionsC. its meaningD. its conceptKey: C p8344. conceptual meaningKey: p8750. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.Comment on the statement with your own example.Key: p91Key: negative p115-116Key: diachronic & synchronic p962007年4月10．As far as denotation is concerned, relative synonyms may differ ______.（ ）A．in the diachronic approach B．in the stylistic and emotive colouring of wordsC．in usage in simple terms D．in the range and intensity of meaning Key: D p10720．Relative synonyms also called ______________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality. Key: near-synonym p10550．Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.Key: P1052007年7月8．One of the interesting features about a language is that there are a great many more ________ than ________ in it. （ ）A．hyponyms … homonyms B．homonyms … hyponyms C．synonyms … antonyms D．antonyms … synonymsKey: C p11419. Antonyms are classified on the basis of ________.Key: oppositeness p11149. Analyze and comment on the differences of synonyms in three ways. Key: denotation, connotation application p1072008年4月8. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? （）A. Suffixation.B. Polysemy.C. Allomorph.D. Variation.Key: B p10319. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ________field of ‘colours’.Key: semantic p12020. Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being ________ and the other oppositeKey: negative p115-11644. concatenationKey: p852008年7月16. A common feature peculiar to all natural languages is ________. ( )A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. monosemyD. polysemyKey: D p10318. All the following words can be used as an antonym to the word “clear” EXCEPT ________. ( )A. dirtyB. fussyC. guiltyD. ambiguousKey: B p11346. Relative synonyms or ________ are similar or nearly the same indenotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees ofa given quality.Key: near-synonyms p10534. homophoneKey: p10061. Analyze and comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms ofsuperordinates and subordinates:[a]Trees surround the water near our summer place.[b]Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.[a]I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.[b]I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley. Key: p117-1192009年4月16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（ ）A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．sense relationsKey: B p11917．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（ ）A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemicKey: C p9518．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（ ）A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happinessKey: B p10946．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.Key: identical p10252．homonymKey: p10058．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.Key: p15560．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.Key: p1032009年7月16. The word ______ is an illustrative example of concatenation. （）A. neckB. boardC. candidateD. harvest17. Based on the degree of ______, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect homonyms, homographs and homophones. （）A. intensityB. propertyC. similarityD. varietyKey: C p10018. Complete synonyms are identical both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning, including ______ and associative meanings. （）A. conceptualB. perceptualC. eventualD. actualKey: A p10546. In dictionaries, a ______ has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.Key: polysemant p10254. synchronic approachKey: p9761. Analyze and comment on the fundamental difference between the processes of radiation and concatenation with the words neck and treacle. Key: p982010年4月16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But ____, all words are related in one way or another.( )A. linguisticallyB. semanticallyC. grammaticallyD. pragmaticallyKey: B p9517, ____, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning. （）A. OnomatopoeicallyB. DiachronicallyC. SynchronicallyD. EtymologicallyKey: C p9718. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their____. （）A. ideologyB. etymologyC. mythologyD. methodology60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.Key: p1082010年7月16. In modern English, an overwhelming majority of words are ______.（）A. originalB. initialC. polysemousD. periodicalKey: C p9517. ______, the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison. （）A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. OnomatopoeticallyKey: A p9718. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, ______ is the strongest of all. （）A. wishB. likeC. wantD. desireKey: D p10946. Hyponymy can be described in terms of ______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates.Key: tree-like60. Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer: "How come your sausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? " Butcher replied: "Madam, in times like these no butchegr can make both ends meet. "2011年4月10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced through ______ .( )A. affixationB. clippingC. compoundingD. shorteningKey: A11. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is called ______. ( )A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversionKey: D12. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______. ( )A. back-formationB. clippingC. blendingD. suffixationKey: A34. The process of changing the word "possible" into "impossible" is called _________.Key: prefixation47. Both initialisms and acronyms are formed to a certain extent from initial letters. Is there any difference between them? Illustrate your point with examples.Key: p6650. Comment on the following groups to illustrate the difference between partial and full conversion.Group 1: "white — a white, final — finals"Group 2: "rich — the rich, wounded — the wounded"Key: p582011年7月1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy. They are（ ）A. primary and secondaryB. central and peripheralC. diachronic and synchronicD. formal and functional2. Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?（ ）A. ColloquialB. SlangC. NegativeD. Literary3. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:（ ）A. absolute and relativeB. absolute and completeC. relative and nearD. complete and identical4. In the early period of Middle English, English,（ ）existed side by side.A. Celtic and DanishB. Danish and FrenchC. Latin and CelticD. French and Latin5. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single （ ）morpheme.A. formalB. concreteC. freeD. bound6. Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?（ ）A. croak, drumB. squeak, bleatC. buzz, neighD. bang, trumpet7. LDCE is distinctive for its（ ）A. clear grammar codesB. usage notesC. language notesD. all of the above8. From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to（ ）A. GermanB. FrenchC. ScottishD. Irish9. Which of the following is NOT an acronym?（ ）A. TOEFLB.ODYSSEYC. BASICD. CCTV10. In the course book, the author lists（ ）types of context clues for inferring word meaning.A. eightB. sixC. sevenD. five11. Sources of homonyms include（ ）A. changes in sound and spellingB. borrowingC. shorteningD. all of the above12. The written form of English is a(an)（ ）representation of the spoken form.A. selectiveB. adequateC. imperfectD. natural13. Structurally a（ ）is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.A. morphemeB. stemC. wordD. compound14. Unlike affixes,（ ）are often free morphemes.A. suffixesB. prefixesC. inflectional morphemesD. roots15. The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French, Latin,（ ）A. Scandinavian and ItalianB. Greek and ScandinavianC. Celtic and GreekD. Italian and SpanishⅡ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is___________.17. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English is a___________ dictionary.18. When a new word appears for the first time, the author usually manages to give hints or ___________ in the context to help the readers.19. Radiation and ___________ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy.20. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to___________.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) word origin, 2) word formation, and 3) types of synonyms or antonyms. (10%)A B( ) 21. skill A. back-formation( ) 22. babysit B. blending( ) 23. telequiz C. French origin( ) 24. composition/compounding D. Scandinavian origin( ) 25. government E. clipping( ) 26. same/ different F. relative synonyms( ) 27. gent G. Germanic( ) 28. English H. absolute synonyms( ) 29. change/ alter I. Contradictory terms( ) 30. big/ small J. contrary termsⅣ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings, 3) processes of meaning development, and 4) formation of compounds. (10%)31. neck→primary meaning: that part of man joining the head to the body;a secondary meaning: the narrowest part of anything. ( )32. contradict ( )33. mother: love, care ( )34. upcoming ( )35. window shopping ( )36. radios ( )37. property developer ( )38. candidate→earlier meaning: white-robed;later meaning: a person proposed for a place, award etc. ( )39. handsome ( )40. northward ( )Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)41. encyclopedia42. borrowed words43. blending44. extension45. phrasal verbⅥ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What is the difference between prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples.47. What is extra-linguistic context?48. What is polysemy? Illustrate your points.Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the wordin italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you to work out the meaning.Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in the street and ate it.50. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.。
英语词汇学自考题1
英语词汇学⾃考题1英语词汇学⾃考题-1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)⼀、Ⅰ.(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.A tricycle has ______ wheels.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：词缀“tr-”是表⽰数字的前缀，它表⽰的意思是“三……”。
例如，a triangle指的是三⾓形。
2.The idiom Jack of all trades results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：缩短法(shortening)偶尔出现在部分格⾔或者谚语中，这些格⾔或谚语以⼀部分指代整个句⼦所代表的含义。
习语“jack of all trades”的完整形式是“jack of all trades and master of none”。
3.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing（分数：1.00）D.解析：4.______ is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of individuals.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：内涵意义(connotative meaning)指的是词的语法意义所包含的暗⽰意思和相关联想。
自考英语词汇学真题
自考英语词汇学真题词汇学是语言学的一个重要分支，研究的是单词的形态、意义、分类以及词汇的演变等问题。
自考英语词汇学真题涉及了英语单词的起源、构词法、词义的变化等内容，下面将对这些内容进行详细论述。
一、英语单词的起源英语单词的起源主要有以下几种形式：1.从其他语言借用，例如汉字对英语的影响；2.发音和拼写的演变，例如单词“knight”在发音上的演变；3.缩写和联合形成的新词，例如“radar”是“radio detecting and ranging”的缩写词。
1.1 从其他语言借用英语是在不同历史时期从多个语言中借用单词的，最初英语受到了拉丁语的影响，后来又从法语、德语、希腊语等语言中借用了大量的单词。
例如，法语对英语的影响主要体现在法语词汇对早期中世纪英语的借用上。
1.2 发音和拼写的演变英语单词的发音和拼写在历史上经历了多次演变，这导致了一些单词的拼写与发音之间存在不一致的情况。
例如，单词“knight”在中古英语时期发音是/knaɪxt/，而在现代英语中发音变为/naɪt/，但拼写却没有相应地改变。
1.3 缩写和联合形成的新词在现代英语中，由于科技和社会的发展，新词不断涌现。
一些新词是通过缩写形式产生的，例如“radar”就是从“radio detecting and ranging”这个词组的缩写而来。
同时，一些新词是由两个或多个单词联合形成的，例如“shampoo”就是由英语和印度语中的单词组合而成。
二、英语单词的构词法构词法研究的是单词是如何通过加缀、转化、派生等方式形成的。
英语单词的构词法主要包括前缀、后缀和派生等。
2.1 前缀前缀是指加在词根前面用来改变词义或词性的一种固定形式。
例如，在单词“unhappy”中，“un-”就是一个前缀，表示否定的意义。
2.2 后缀后缀是指加在词根后面用来改变词义或词性的一种固定形式。
例如，在单词“happiness”中，“-ness”就是一个后缀，表示名词的意义。
全国英语词汇学(00832)高等教育自学考试试题与答案
全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（）A．meaning B．SoundC．combination of sounds D．Group2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（）A．more slowly than B．As quickly asC．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notionC．origin D．sound4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（）A．green revolution B．fast foodC．moon walk D．space shuttle5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.（）A．form B．meaningC．look D．pronunciation6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（）A．four B．fellC．for D．autumn7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.（）A．/t/ B．/g/C．/p/ D．/k/英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（）A．one B．twoC．three D．four9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（）A．works B．prewarC．postwar D．bloody10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.（）A．compounding B．affixationC．conversion D．shortening11．The word “motel” is created by ______.（）A．compounding B．clippingC．blending D．suffixation12．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（）A．acronymy B．clippingC．back-formation D．prefixation13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（）A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaningC．associative meaning D．literal meaning14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.（）A．onomatopoeic B．morphologicalC．semantic D．etymological15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.（）A．Reference B．ConceptC．Sense D．Motivation16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（）A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．Sense relations英语词汇学试卷第 2 页共9 页17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（）A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemic18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（）A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（）A．senses B．FormsC．dialects D．Terms20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（）A．extension B．elevationC．narrowing D．degradation21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word “respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.（）A．subjective B．objectiveC．sensational D．physical22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（）A．Elimination of ambiguity.B．Indication of referents.C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.（）A．grammatical context B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymy24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.（）英语词汇学试卷第 3 页共9 页A．relevant details B．synonymyC．antonymy D．hyponymy25．The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.（）A．alliteration B．metaphorC．metonymy D．rhyme26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（）A．Sentence idioms. B．Idioms adverbial in nature.C．Clausal idioms. D．Idioms nominal in nature.27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（）A．replacement B．additionC．shortening D．repetition28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（）A．spelling B．syntactical usageC．pronunciation D．definition29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one（）A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC．A New English-Chinese DictionaryD．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（）A．unabridged B．deskC．specialized D．encyclopedicⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B（ c ）31．She burst into passionate sobbing. A．juxtaposition（I ）32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B．notional word英语词汇学试卷第 4 页共9 页（g ）33．and C．transfer of sensations（h ）34．the man’s coat D．abstract to concrete（ a ）35．here and there E．derivational affix（ b ）36．moon F．alliteration（ f ）37．rough and ready G．functional word（ e ）38．ex-prisoner H．inflectional affix（j ）39．fair and square I．associated transfer（ d ）40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J．rhymeⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43．We might say that free morphemes are free root.44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________. 45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning ofa word．46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47．V ocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）51．morpheme52．homonym53．connotation54．elevation55．idiom英语词汇学试卷第 5 页共9 页Ⅴ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?57．What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point. 58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.（1）gold, bulb;（2）deer, beast, animals;（3）fortuitous, fruition.英语词汇学试卷第 6 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第7 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第8 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第9 页共9 页。