一般过去时-现在完成时和过去完成时

一般过去时，现在完成时和过去完成时

一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的时间状语连用，试看下列例句：

1. I was in the classroom yesterday morning

2. My father was at work last week.

3. I visited the Palace Museum three weeks ago.

4. He always went to work by bus last year.

5. I wrote home once a week at college.

1. yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等；

2. 由"last+一时间名词"构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等；

3. 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等；

4. 其它：just now或者由句子本身的时态所反映出来的。

现在完成时表示：(1)过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already，just，yet，before，ever，never 等副词连用；(2)发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示），常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。试看下列例句：

1.My father has brought many books for me , so I can do some reading now.

2.I have already finished my homework, so I can give it to my teacher now.

3.Kevin hasn't seen the film yet, so he has nothing to say about the film.

4.This is the best film I have ever seen.

5.Mary has been ill for three days.

6.I have lived here since 1998.

现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now 等等，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, before, recently,ever, never等连用。

I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。

Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。

I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。

They have never been to Beijing. 他们从未去过延安。

I haven't seen him recently. 我近来没看到他。

现在完成时既然可以表示从过去持续到现在，那么在延续性用法中，谓语动词必须为延续性的，而不可以和瞬间动词连用。

1.I have brought the book for ten days. ( × )

2.They have already come here since three years ago. ( × )

但是，在否定句中非延续性动词可以表示状态的延续，试看下列例句：

1. I haven't seen her for a long time.

2. He hasn't left home ever since he lost his job.

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”, 常与by，before 等词连用，也可以表示在过去某个时间或动作之前发生并一直持续到那个时间的动作或状态，常与just，already，for，since等时间副词连用，试看下列例句：

By ten o'clock this morning, we had visited the Happy Valley.

I had finished my piano lesson before nine yesterday evening.

The film had begun before we got to the cinema.

He had done his homework before he played table tennis.

I had been at the bus stop for ten minutes when the bus finally came.

He had just worked in that school for three years before he came to our school. The film had already been on for half an hour when I went to the cinema.

They had lived in Shenzhen since 2004, and they moved to Guangzhou last month.

【2011北京】1. Paul ant I _________ tennis yesterday. He did much better than 1.

A. play

B. will play

C. played

D. are playing 【2011内蒙古包头】2. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he _________ in Japan last year.

A. meets

B. met

C. has met

D. would meet 【2011呼和浩特】3. He went into his room, _________ the light and began to work.

A. has turned on

B. turned off

C. turned on

D. has turned off 【2011贵州毕节】4. ---What did Mr．Smith do before he came to China?

--- He _________ in a car factory．

A．worked B．works C．is working D．will work 【2011 四川广元】5. --- Have you ever been to Hong Kong？

---Yes, I _________ there last month.

A. went

B. have been

C. goes

D. will go 【2011山东菏泽】6. This morning I had hardly got to my school when it _________ to rain.

A. had begun

B. was beginning

C. began

D. begins 【2011 广西柳州】7. ---You have found your lost umbrella, haven’t you?

---Yes. I _________ it behind the door this afternoon.

A. have found

B. will find

C. found

D.find 【2011四川凉山】8. Ten minutes ago, there _________ an eraser, a pen and some books on the desk.

A. was

B. were

C.is

D. are 【2011四川德阳】9. --- Do you know who cleaned the blackboard, Tina?

--- Yes. John _________.

A. do

B. does

C. did

D. will do 【2011浙江杭州】10. The last time I _________ to the cinema was two years ago.

A. go

B. have gone

C. have been

D. Went