第四十篇New US Plan for Disease Prevention美国疾病预防新政策
New US Plan for Disease Prevention 美国疾病预防新政策
综合类——A级New US Plan for Disease Prevention【美国疾病预防新政策】Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes.The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases - the leading causes of death in the United States - and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.“In the United States todya, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases.” the Health and Human Serviece Department said in a statement.The causes re often behavioral -smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future.” Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.”Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking te steps necessary for us to lead healthier , longer lives.” he said.The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.Daily exercise such as walking canprevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including pap tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks.If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.练习：1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?A) They account for 70% of all deaths.B) They are responsible for most of the health care costs.C) They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.D) They are largely preventable.2. The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPTA) better diet.B) increased exercise.C) reduction on smoking.D) higher survival rate for cancer.3. The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will meanA) greater responsibility of the government.B) much less money needed for disease treatment.C) higher costs of health care.D) more 1ifestyle choices for people.4. The $15 million program is aimed atA) promoting disease prevention.B) building more sidewalks.C) helping needy communities.D) wiping out chronic diseases.5. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantlyA) the death rates for all chronic diseases.B) the kinds of cancer attacking people.C) the cancer incidence rate.D) cancer death rate.译文：周二，健康及人道服务部秘书托米汤姆森发起了一项耗资1500万美元的计划，大力推进社区在预防诸如心脏病、癌症及糖尿病等慢性病上发挥更大能量，以鼓励美国人对自己的健康负责。
新视野大学英语第四册课文原文加翻译
1A An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction."Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt.Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on.The lure of drowning in fame's imperial glory is not easily resisted.Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of exploiting their talent for singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc.They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur.Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there.Artists cannot remain idle, though.When the performer, painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public.After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the next flavor of the month.Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audience's favor.The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous.Famous authors' styles—a Tennessee Williams play or a plot by Ernest Hemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or T.S. Eliot—are easily recognizable.The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, or Dali and moviemakers like Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, Chen Kaige or Zhang Yimou. Their distinct styles marked a significant change in form from others and gained them fame and fortune.However, they paid for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms.Fame's spotlight can be hotter than a tropical jungle—a fraud is quickly exposed, and the pressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure.It takes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be.The performer, like the politician, must often please his or her audiences by saying things he or she does not mean or fully believe.One drop of fame will likely contaminate the entire well of a man's soul, and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularly amazing.You would be hard-pressed to underline many names of those who have not compromised and still succeeded in the fame game.An example, the famous Irish writer Oscar Wilde, known for his uncompromising behavior, both social and sexual, to which the public objected, paid heavily for remaining true to himself.The mother of a young man Oscar was intimate with accused him at a banquet in front of his friends and fans of sexually influencing her son. Extremely angered by her remarks, he sued the young man's mother, asserting that she had damaged his "good" name.He should have hired a better attorney, though.The judge did not second Wilde's call to have the woman pay for damaging his name, and instead fined Wilde.He ended up in jail after refusing to pay, and even worse, was permanently expelled from the wider circle of public favor.When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense.His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alone when he needed his fans the most.Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom!They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans.Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing thatthey did not sell out.They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences.Single-minded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure might also like to know that failure has motivated some famous people to work even harder to succeed.Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Angel rejected 39 times before it was finally published. Beethoven overcame his father, who did not believe that he had any potential as a musician, to become the greatest musician in the world. And Pestalozzi, the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education.Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in the fourth grade, because he seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.Unfortunately for most people, however, failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning.I say to those who desperately seek fame and fortune: good luck.But alas, you may find that it was not what you wanted.The dog who catches his tail discovers that it is only a tail.The person who achieves success often discovers that it does more harm than good.So instead of trying so hard to achieve success, try to be happy with who you are and what you do.Try to do work that you can be proud of.Maybe you won't be famous in your own lifetime, but you may create better art.1B One summer day my father sent me to buy some wire and fencing to put around our barn to pen up the bull.At 16, I liked nothing better than getting behind the wheel of our truck and driving into town on the old mill road.Water from the mill's wheel sprayed in the sunshine making a rainbow over the canal and I often stopped there on my way to bathe and cool off for a spell—natural air conditioning.The sun was so hot, I did not need a towel as I was dry by the time I climbed the clay banks and crossed the road ditch to the truck.Just before town, the road shot along the sea where I would collect seashells or gather seaweed beneath the giant crane unloading the ships. This trip was different, though.My father had told me I'd have to ask for credit at the store.It was 1976, and the ugly shadow of racism was still a fact of life.I'd seen my friends ask for credit and then stand, head down, while a storeowner enquired into whether they were "good for it".Many store clerks watched black youths with the assumption that they were thieves every time they even went into a grocery.My family was honest.We paid our debts.But just before harvest, all the money flowed out.There were no new deposits at the bank.Cash was short.At Davis Brothers' General Store, Buck Davis stood behind the register, talking to a middle-aged farmer.Buck was a tall, weathered man in a red hunting shirt and I nodded as I passed him on my way to the hardware section to get a container of nails, a coil of binding wire and fencing.I pulled my purchases up to the counter and placed the nails in the tray of the scale, saying carefully, "I need to put this on credit."My brow was moist with nervous sweat and I wiped it away with the back of my arm.The farmer gave me an amused, cynical look, but Buck's face didn't change."Sure," he said easily, reaching for his booklet where he kept records for credit.I gave a sigh of relief."Your daddy is always good for it."He turned to the farmer."This here is one of James Williams' sons.They broke the mold when they made that man."The farmer nodded in a neighborly way.I was filled with pride."James Williams' son."Those three words had opened a door to an adult's respect and trust.As I heaved the heavy freight into the bed of the truck, I did so with ease, feeling like a stronger man than the one that left the farm that morning.I had discovered that a good name could furnish a capital of good will of great value.Everyone knew what to expect from a Williams: a decent person who kept his word and respected himself too much to do wrong.My great grandfather may have been sold as a slave at auction, but this was not an excuse to do wrong to others.Instead my father believed the only way to honor him was through hard work and respect for all men.We children—eight brothers and two sisters—could enjoy our good name, unearned, unless and until we did something to lose it.We had an interest in how one another behaved and our own actions as well, lest we destroy the name my father had created.Our good name was and still is the glue that holds our family tight together.The desire to honor my father's good name spurred me to become the first in our family to go to university.I worked my way through college as a porter at a four-star hotel. Eventually, that good name provided the initiative to start my own successful public relations firm in Washington, D.C.America needs to restore a sense of shame in its neighborhoods.Doing drugs, spending all your money at the liquor store, stealing, or getting a young woman pregnant with no intent to marry her should induce a deep sense of embarrassment.But it doesn't.Nearly one out of three births in America is to a single mother. Many of these children will grow up without the security and guidance they need to become honorable members of society.Once the social ties and mutual obligations of the family melt away, communities fall apart.While the population has increased only 40 percent since 1960, violent crime in America has increased a staggering 550 percent—and we've become exceedingly used to it. Teen drug use has also risen.In one North Carolina County, police arrested 73 students from 12 secondary schools for dealing drugs, some of them right in the classroom.Meanwhile, the small signs of civility and respect that hold up civilization are vanishing from schools, stores and streets.Phrases like "yes, ma'am", "no, sir", "thank you" and "please" get a yawn from kids today who are encouraged instead by cursing on television and in music.They simply shrug off the rewards of a good name.The good name passed on by my father and maintained to this day by my brothers and sisters and me is worth as much now as ever.Even today, when I stop into Buck Davis' shop or my hometown <49>barbershop</49> for a haircut, I am still greeted as James Williams' son.My family's good name did <50>pave</50> the way for me.2A He was born in a poor area of South London.He wore his mother's old red stockings cut down for ankle socks.His mother was temporarily declared mad.Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin's childhood.But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of "the Tramp", the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.Other countries—France, Italy, Spain, even Japan—have provided more applause (and profit) where Chaplin is concerned than the land of his birth.Chaplin quit Britain for good in 1913 when he journeyed to America with a group of performers to do his comedy act on the stage, where talent scouts recruited him to work for Mack Sennett, the king of Hollywood comedy films.Sad to say, many English people in the 1920s and 1930s thought Chaplin's Tramp a bit, well, "crude".Certainly middle-class audiences did; the working-class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted against authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear.All the same, Chaplin's comic beggar didn't seem all that English or even working-class.English tramps didn't sport tiny moustaches, huge pants or tail coats: European leaders and Italian waiters wore things like that.Then again, the Tramp's quick eye for a pretty girl had a coarse way about it that was considered, well, not quite nice by English audiences—that's how foreigners behaved, wasn't it?But for over half of his screen career, Chaplin had no screen voice to confirm his British nationality.Indeed, it was a headache for Chaplin when he could no longer resist the talking movies and had to find "the right voice" for his Tramp.He postponed that day as long as possible: In Modern Times in 1936, the first film in which he was heard as a singing waiter, he made up a nonsense language which sounded like no known nationality.He later said he imagined the Tramp to be a college-educated gentleman who'd come down in the world.But if he'd been able to speak with an educated accent in those early short comedies, it's doubtful if he would have achieved world fame. And the English would have been sure to find it "odd". No one was certain whether Chaplin did it on purpose but this helped to bring about his huge success.He was an immensely talented man, determined to a degree unusual even in the ranks of Hollywood stars.His huge fame gave him the freedom—and, more importantly, the money—to be his own master.He already had the urge to explore and extend a talent he discovered in himself as he went along."It can't be me. Is that possible? How extraordinary," is how he greeted the first sight of himself as the Tramp on the screen.But that shock roused his imagination.Chaplin didn't have his jokes written into a script in advance; he was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along.Lifeless objects especially helped Chaplin make "contact" with himself as an artist.He turned them into other kinds of objects.Thus, a broken alarm clock in the movie The Pawnbroker became a "sick" patient undergoing surgery; boots were boiled in his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with salt and pepper like prime cuts of fish (the nails being removed like fish bones).This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, is surely the secret of Chaplin's great comedy.He also had a deep need to be loved—and a corresponding fear of being betrayed.The two were hard to combine and sometimes—as in his early marriages—the collision between them resulted in disaster.Yet even this painfully-bought self-knowledge found its way into his comic creations.The Tramp never loses his faith in the flower girl who'll be waiting to walk into the sunset with him; while the other side of Chaplin makes Monsieur Verdoux, the French wife killer, into a symbol of hatred for women.It's a relief to know that life eventually gave Charlie Chaplin the stability and happiness it had earlier denied him.In Oona O'Neill Chaplin, he found a partner whose stability and affection spanned the 37 years age difference between them, which hadseemed so threatening, that when the official who was marrying them in 1942 turned to the beautiful girl of 17 who'd given notice of their wedding date, he said, "And where is the young man? "—Chaplin, then 54, had cautiously waited outside.As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well prepared for the battle that Chaplin's life became as many unfounded rumors surrounded them both—and, later on, she was the center of calm in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in his own large family of talented children.Chaplin died on Christmas Day 1977.A few months later, a couple of almost comic body thieves stole his body from the family burial chamber and held it for money.The police recovered it with more efficiency than Mack Sennett's clumsy Keystone Cops would have done, but one can't help feeling Chaplin would have regarded this strange incident as a fitting memorial—his way of having the last laugh on a world to which he had given so many. 2B Modest and soft-spoken, Agatha Muthoni Mbogo, 24, is hardly the image of a revolutionary.Yet, six months ago, she did a most revolutionary thing: She ran for mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won.Ms. Mbogo's victory was even more surprising because she was voted in by her colleagues on the District Council, all men.For the thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of Nairobi, Ms. Mbogo suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force women have become in Kenya and across Africa.Ms. Mbogo launched her dream of a career in politics in 1992 by running for the Embu Council, facing the obstacles that often trouble African women running for political office.She had little money.She had no political experience.She faced ridiculous questions about her personal life."My opponent kept insisting that I was going to get married to somebody in another town and move away," Ms. Mbogo said.Ms. Mbogo also faced misunderstanding among the town's women, many of whom initially were unwilling to vote for her.She became an ambassador for women's political rights, giving speeches before women's groups and going from door to door, handbag in hand, spending hours at a time giving a combination of speech and government lesson."I was delighted when she won the election, because men elected her," said Lydiah Kimani, an Embu farmer and political activist."It was the answer to my prayers because it seemed to be a victory over this idea that 'women can't lead'."Education of African women has become a top priority for political activists.One organization has held dozens of workshops in rural Kenya to help women understand the nation's constitution and the procedures and theory behind a democratic political system.One veteran female political activist said that many women had not been taught the basics of political participation.They are taught to vote for the one who "gives you a half kilo sack of flour, 200 grams of salt, or a loaf of bread" during the campaign, said the activist.Women politicians and activists say they are fighting deeply-held cultural traditions.Those traditions teach that African women cook, clean, take care of children, sow and harvest crops and support their husbands.They typically do not inherit land, divorce their husband, control their finances or hold political office.Yet, political activity among Kenyan women is not a new phenomenon.During the struggle for independence in the 1950s, Kenyan women often secretly provided troops with weapons and spied on the positions of colonial forces.But after independence, leaders jealous to protect their power shut them out of politics, a situation repeated across the continent.Today, men still have the upper hand.Women in Kenya make up 60 percent of the people who vote, but only 3 percent of the National Assembly.No Kenyan woman has ever held a cabinet post.Against that background, Agatha Mbogo began her political career.After winning her council seat, she declined a spot on the education and social services committee after a colleague called it "a woman's committee".She instead joined the town planning committee, a much more visible assignment.Then last year, she decided to challenge Embu's mayor, a veteran politician.Ms. Mbogo said she had become frustrated because the donor groups that provide substantial aid to Kenya's rural areas "did not want to come here"."We weren't seeing things done for the community," she said."It was a scandal—the donors' money seemed to be going to individuals."After a fierce campaign, the council elected her, 7 to 6.She said women in Embu celebrated.Men were puzzled; some were hostile.They asked, "How could all of those men vote for a woman? " she recalled.Ms. Mbogo has not met with the kinds of abuse that other female politicians have been subjected to, however.Some have said their supporters are sometimes attacked with clubs after rallies.Last June, Kenyan police attempted to break up a women's political meeting northwest of Nairobi, insisting it was illegal and might start a riot.When the 100 women, including a member of the National Assembly, refused to go, officers tore down their banners and beat them with clubs and fists, witnesses reported.In contrast, Ms. Mbogo generally receives warm greetings from the men of Embu, and many say they are now glad the council chose her.Donor groups are now funding projects in Embu in earnest.A new market is going up downtown.A 200-bed section for new mothers is being added to the hospital.A dormitory-style home has been built for the dozens of homeless street children who once wandered the city.Ms. Mbogo is especially proud of the market and the hospital because "they have an impact on women".At the current market, where hundreds of people, shaded by umbrellas, lay out fruits and vegetables, one person who sells lemons said she liked the new mayor."I feel like if I have a problem, I can go to her office," she said."The other mayor shouted. He acted like an emperor. He did not want to hear my problems."Nearby, a man said he found Ms. Mbogo a refreshing change."I'm tired of men," he said, watching over his pile of onions."They give us so many promises, but they don't deliver the goods. As long as she keeps giving us what we want, she is all right."3A A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it.Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars.They tell the government that they are getting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money. Or, they tell the caseworker that the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars.I have opted to live a life of complete honesty.So instead, I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons.I even tell welfare how much I make!Oh, I'm tempted to get paid under the table.But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation.They keep my records, and that information goes right into the government's computer.Very high-profile.As a welfare client I'm expected to bow before the caseworker.Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. I'm not being bitter.Most caseworkers begin as college-educated liberals with high ideals.But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call "Suzanne", a detective in shorts.Not long after Christmas last year, Suzanne came to inspect my apartment and saw some new posters pasted on the wall."Where'd you get the money for those? " she wanted to know."Friends and family.""Well, you'd better have a receipt for it, by God. You have to report any donations or gifts."This was my cue to beg.Instead, I talked back."I got a cigarette from somebody on the street the other day. Do I have to report that? ""Well, I'm sorry, but I don't make the rules, Mr. Callahan."Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs to my wheelchair, which is always breaking down because welfare won't spend money maintaining it properly."You know, Mr. Callahan, I've heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average."Of course I do.I'm an active worker, not a vegetable.I live near downtown, so I can get around in a wheelchair.I wonder what she'd think if she suddenly broke her hip and had to crawl to work.Government cuts in welfare have resulted in hunger and suffering for a lot of people, not just me.But people with spinal cord injuries felt the cuts in a unique way: The government stopped taking care of our chairs.Each time mine broke down, lost a screw, needed a new roller bearing, the brake wouldn't work, etc., and I called Suzanne, I had to endure a little lecture.Finally, she'd say, "Well, if I can find time today, I'll call the medical worker."She was supposed to notify the medical worker, who would certify that there was a problem.Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid.Then the medical worker alerted the main welfare office at the state capital.They considered the matter for days while I lay in bed, unable to move.Finally, if I was lucky, they called back and approved the repair.When welfare learned I was making money on my cartoons, Suzanne started "visiting" every fortnight instead of every two months.She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. She never found anything, but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit, accounting for every penny.There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare.I am an independent businessman, slowly building up my market.It's impossible to jump off welfare and suddenly be making two thousand dollars a month. But I would love to be able to pay for some of my living and not have to go through an embarrassing situation every time I need a spare part for my wheelchair.There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients.Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies.I was, indeed: The hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking.While she was taking notes, my phone rang and Suzanne answered it.The caller was a state senator, which scared Suzanne a little.Would I sit on the governor's committee and try to do something about the thousands of welfare clients who, like me, could earn part or all of their own livings if they were allowed to do so, one step at a time?Hell, yes, I would!Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating.They will be free to develop their talents without guilt or fear—or just hold a good, steady job.3B It was late afternoon when the chairman of our Bangkok-based company gave me an assignment: I would leave the next day to accompany an important Chinese businessman to tourist sites in northern Thailand.Silently angry, I stared at my desk.The stacks of paper bore witness to a huge amount of work waiting to be done, even though I had been working seven days a week.How will I ever catch up? I wondered.After a one-hour flight the next morning, we spent the day visiting attractions along with hundreds of other tourists, most of them loaded with cameras and small gifts.I remember feeling annoyed at this dense collection of humanity.That evening my Chinese companion and I climbed into a chartered van to go to dinner and a show, one which I had attended many times before.While he chatted with other tourists, I exchanged polite conversation in the dark with a man seated in front of me, a Belgian who spoke fluent English.I wondered why he held his head motionless at an odd angle, as though he were in prayer.Then the truth struck me.He was blind.Behind me someone switched on a light, and I could see his thick silvery hair and strong, square jaw.His eyes seemed to contain a white mist."Could I please sit beside you at the dinner?" he asked."And I'd love it if you'd describe a little of what you see.""I'd be happy to," I replied.。
综合类_第二十四讲 B级阅读理解(1)_2011年版
1、New US Plan for Disease Prevention美国疾病预防新政策Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health，Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities 社区to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease，cancer and diabetes．糖尿病The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases — the leading causes of death in the United States — and outlines ways that people Can prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise．“I n the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness，disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases, "the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement．The causes are often behavioral — smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise．“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future，”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative．“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices．"Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003．“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives，”he said．The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention，pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more．Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes，and prevent cancer and strokes．The money will also go to community organizations，clinics and nutritionists who are beingencouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening．The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening，including Pap tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks．If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent．练习：1．Which of the following is NOT true of chronic慢性的diseases in the US?A) They account for 70% of all deaths．B) They are responsible for most of the health care costs．C) They often result in unhealthy lifestyles．D) They are largely preventable．2．The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPTA) better diet．B) increased exercise．C) reduction on smoking．D) higher survival rate for cancer．3．The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will meanA) greater responsibility of the government．B) much less money needed for disease treatment．C) higher costs of health care．D) more 1ifestyle choices for people．4．The $15 million program is aimed atA) promoting disease prevention．B) building more sidewalks．C) helping needy communities．D) wiping out chronic diseases．5．Early cancer screening can help reduce significantlyA) the death rates for all chronic diseases．B) the kinds of cancer attacking people．C) the cancer incidence rate．D) cancer death rate．A:0.94B:0.97C:1.03D:1.07答案:CDBAD解析:1．C 从文章的第三、六段分别可以看出，在美国，70%的死亡时由慢性病造成的，绝大多数医疗费用也花在慢性病的治疗上，而不健康的生活方式会引发慢性病，而不是慢性病引发不健康的生活方式。
水污染防治行动计划英文版
Notice of the State Council on Issuing the Action Plan for Prevention and Controlof Water PollutionApril 16th, 2015GF[2015]No.17People’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under t he Central Government, and ministries, commissions and departments directly under the State Council:Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution is now printed and distributed to you for serious implementation.The State CouncilApril 2nd, 2015(For Public Release)Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water PollutionWater environment protection concerns vital interests of the masses, construction of a well-off society and realizing the China Dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Currently, some areas in our country suffer poor water environment quality, heavily damaged water ecology, a large number of environmental risks and other prominent problems, which impact and damage people’s health an d impede sustainable economic and social development. The Action Plan is hereby formulated to practically strengthen prevention and control of water pollution and guarantee national water safety.General requirements: to fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Second, Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, vigorously promote ecological civilization construction, and under the principle of “water saving first, spatial balance, systemic treatment and striving from two aspects” and following the policy of “being safe, clean and healthy” with improvement of water environment quality at its core, reinforce source control, give overall co nsideration to land and water, rivers and seas, carry out scientific control by basin, area and stage for rivers, lakes and seas, and systematically promote water pollution control, water ecologic protection and water resources management. To insist on collaboration between the government and market, emphasize on reform and innovation; insist on overall and legal implementation and pursue the strictest environmental protection system; insist on fulfillment of respective responsibilities and conduct strict assessment and accountability; insist on participation by all people, promote that everybody is responsible for water saving and clean water, form a new mechanism for water pollution prevention and control featured by “led by governments, implemented by enterprises, driven by market and part icipated by the public” to achieve multi-win of environmental, economic and social benefits and strive for building a beautiful China with “everlasting blue sky, green mountains and clear water”.Objectives: by 2020, water environment quality nationwide will be periodically improved, with heavily polluted water bodies dramatically reduced, drinking water safety guarantee continuously improved, groundwater overexploitation strictly controlled, groundwater pollution aggravation preliminarily curbed, environmental quality in offshore areas getting better, and water ecological environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other areas somewhat improved. By 2030, it is expected that overall water environment quality will be better and water ecosystem functions will preliminarily recover. By the middle of this century, overall ecological environment quality will be improved and virtuous cycling of ecosystem will be achieved.Key indices: by 2020, the overall proportion of water quality of seven basins, including Yangtze River basin, Yellow River basin, Pearl River basin, Songhua River basin, Huaihe River basin, Haihe River basin and Liao River basin being above average (reaching or exceeding Class Ⅲ) will be 70% or above, quantity of black and odorous water bodies in built-up areas in cities at prefecture level and above will be controlled within 10%, the overall proportion of centralized drinking water source quality in cities at prefecture level and above reaching or exceeding Class Ⅲ will be larger than 93%, the proportion of extremely poor groundwater quality nationwide will be controlled around 15%, and the proportion of above average (Class I and II) water quality in offshore areas will reach about 70%. The proportion of unusable (below Class V) water sections in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region will be about 15% lower, and efforts should be made to eliminate unusable water bodies in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.By 2030, the overall proportion of water quality in seven key basins nationwide reaching above average will reach 75% or above, with black and odorous water bodies in urban built-up areas generally eliminated and the proportion of urban centralized drinking water source quality reaching or exceeding Class III being about 95% generally.I. Overall Control of Pollutant Discharge(1) Paying special attention to prevention and control of industrial pollution. To close down “ten categories of small” enterprises. To fully screen small industrial enterprises with low equipped level and poor environmental protection facilities. Before the end of 2016, production projects which heavily pollute water environment, such as small paper mills, tanneries, printing and dyeing mills, dyestuff plants, coking plants, sulfur plants, arsenic plants, refineries, plating factories, pesticide factories, etc., should be banned in accordance with requirements in laws and regulations for water pollution prevention and control. (It is required that these be led by Ministry of Environmental Protection, participated by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources, NationalEnergy Administration, etc., and implemented by local people’s governments at different levels. Local people’s governments at different levels should be responsible for implementation hereinafter, which will not be repeated)Specially rectifying ten major industries. To formulate special rectification plans for paper-making, coking, nitrogenous fertilizer, nonferrous metals, printing and dyeing, farm and sideline food processing, APIs manufacturing, tanning, pesticide, electroplating industries, and carry out cleaning rectification. To adopt equivalent or reducing replacement of key pollutant discharge in newly built, rebuilt and expanded construction projects in the above-mentioned industries. Before the end of 2017, papermaking industry should strive to achieve elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching of paper pulp or adopt other low-pollution pulping technologies; iron and steel enterprises should achieve technical reform of coke dry quenching for coking; nitrogenous fertilizer industry should achieve technical reform of process condensate hydrolysis for urea production; printing and dyeing industry should achieve low-drain dyeing and finishing process; pharmaceutical (antibiotics and vitamins) industry should achieve technical reform of green enzymatic production; while tanning industry should achieve technical reform of chromium reduction and closed recycling. (Led by Ministry of Environmental Protection and participated by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, etc.)Treating water pollution in industrial agglomeration areas on a centralized basis. To strengthen pollution control in industrial agglomeration areas, including economic and technological development zones, high-tech industrial development zones and export processing zones. Industrial waste water from these areas must be pretreated to meet centralized processing requirements and then be allowed into sewage centralized processing facilities. Newly built and upgraded industrial agglomeration areas should be equipped with planning and construction of pollution control facilities such as centralized sewage and garbage treatment. Before the end of 2017, industrial agglomeration areas should be equipped with centralized sewage treatment facilities and fitted with automatic online monitoring devices, with one-year early completion in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, etc.; if not, it is required to suspend examination and approval of construction projects resulting in increase of water pollutant discharge in these areas and revoke the access to these industrial parks pursuant to relevant provisions. (Led by Ministry of Environmental Protection and participated by Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Commerce, etc.)(2) Strengthening control of urban domestic pollution. To accelerate construction and alteration of urban sewage treatment facilities. Existing urban sewage treatment facilities should be altered according to local conditions and reach corresponding discharge standard or recycling requirement before the end of 2020. Urban sewage treatment facilities in sensitive areas (key lakes and reservoirs and catchment in offshore areas) should generally reach Class I A discharge standard before the end of 2017. In cities where water quality in built-up areas fails to reach Class Ⅳ standard for surface water, sewage treatment facilities in newly built towns should be subject to Class I A discharge standard. According to national new urbanization planning requirements, by 2020, all counties and key towns nationwide should be capable of sewage collection and treatment, with sewage treatment rate in counties and cities reaching about 85% and 95% respectively. Areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta should complete this one year earlier. (Led by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Environmental Protection, etc.)Fully reinforcing supporting pipe network construction. To strengthen sewage cut-off and collection in urban villages, old urban areas and semi-urban areas. Rainfall and sewage shunting should be accelerated for existing combined sewer systems, with measures such as cut-off, regulation and storage, and treatment taken in case of any difficulty in shunting. Supporting pipe network for newly built sewage treatment facilities should be designed, constructed and operated in a synchronized manner. Other than drought areas, rainfall and sewage shunting should be implemented during construction of new urban districts, with preliminary collection, treatment and resourceful utilization of rainfall promoted in conditional areas. By 2017, full collection and treatment of sewage should be basically achieved in built-up areas in municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capitals and municipalities with independent planning status, which should also be basically achieved in built-up areas in cities at prefecture level before the end of 2020. (Led by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Environmental Protection, etc.)Promoting sludge treatment and disposal. Stable, harmless and resourceful treatment should be carried out for sludge produced by sewage treatment facilities, and sludge not in compliance with relevant standard is not allowed into cultivated land. Illegal sludge sites should be banned. Existing sludge treatment facilities should be basically refitted to relevant standard before the end of 2017, with harmless treatment rate of sludge reaching 90% above by end of 2020 in cities at prefecture level and above. (Led by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, etc.)(3) Boosting prevention and control of agricultural and rural pollution. To prevent and control livestock and poultry farming pollution. Livestock and poultry farming areas should be scientifically divided; before the end of 2017, livestock and poultry farms (areas) and households specialized in breeding should be closed down or relocated by law in banned areas, with one-year early completion in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, etc. Existing large-scale livestock and poultry farms (areas) should be equipped with fecal sewage storing, treating and utilizing facilities according to pollution prevention and control needs. Dense free-range areas should adopt collection, by households, and centralized treatment and utilization of livestock excrements and sewage. Since 2016, rainfall and sewage shunting and resourceful utilization of fecal sewage should be implemented in newly built, rebuilt and expanded large-scale livestock and poultry farms (areas). (Led by Ministry of Agriculture and participated by Ministry of Environmental Protection)Controlling agricultural non-point source pollution. To formulate and implement overall prevention and control plans for national agricultural non-point source pollution. To pilot popularize experience in subsidies for use of pesticides with low toxicity and residual, and carry out green and unified prevention and control of crop disease and insect pests. To put into practice soil testing and fertilizer recommendation and popularize precise fertilizer technique, machines and tools. To perfect standard specifications such as construction of high-standard farmland and land development and consolidation, and clarify environmental protection requirements; newly constructed high-standard farmland should reach relevant environmental protection requirements. Sensitive areas and large andmedium-sized irrigated areas should be equipped with aquatic plant communities, grilles and permeable dikes as well as facilities such as ecological ditches, sewage purification ponds, surface runoff collecting and storing pools by using existing ditches, ponds and pits, so as to purify farmland drainage and surface runoff. By 2020, coverage of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology should reach more than 90%, with fertilizer utilization rate increasing to above 40% and coverage of united prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests reaching above 40%; Areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta should complete this one year earlier. (Led by Ministry of Agriculture and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Water Resources, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, etc.)Adjusting planting structure and layout. To try out land returning and water reduction in water-deficient areas. In areas where groundwater is vulnerable to pollution, priority should be given to crops requiring less fertilizer or pesticide and with prominent environmental benefits. In Gansu, Sinkiang (including Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps), Hebei, Shandong and Henan with serious surface water overexploitation and groundwater overexploitation as well as large agricultural water consumption, it is required to properly reduce area for crops requiring large water consumption and replant drought-tolerant crops and economic forests; before the end of 2018, comprehensive treatment should be implemented for irrigated areas covering an area of 33 million mu, with water reduction by more than 3.7 billion m3. (Led by Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Water Resources, and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Land and Resources, etc.)Accelerating comprehensive improvement of rural environment. To implement united planning, construction and management for rural sewage treatment in the unit of county-level administrative regions; and to promote extension of urban sewage treatment facilities and services to rural areas if conditions permit. To deepen the policy of “encouraging sewage treatment by incentives”, carry out rural cleaning engineering and channel desilting and dredging, and advance contiguous treatment of rural environment. By 2020, there will be 130,000 more administrative villages completing comprehensive environmental improvement. (Led by Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, etc.)(4) Strengthening control over ship and port pollution. To actively deal with ship pollution. To enforce abandonment of ships operating beyond their service life according to the law. Revise environmental protection standards pertinent to ships and facilities and equipment thereon by classes and grades. Coastal ships put into use since 2018 and inland ships put into use since 2021 should be subject to new standards; other ships should be refitted before the end of 2020 or abandoned within a specific deadline if they still fail to reach relevant standards after refitted. International ships traveling in waters in our country should undergo ballast water exchange or be fitted with ballast water inactivation system. To standardize ship recycling behaviors and forbid ship disassembling on beach. (Led by Ministry of Transport and participated by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, etc.)Enhancing ability to prevent and control port and terminal pollution. To formulate and implement pollution prevent and control plans for ports, terminals and loading and unloading stations nationwide. To accelerate construction of garbage receiving, transferring and disposing facilities, improve the ability to receive and dispose oily sewage, washing water for chemicals tanks and so on as well as emergency capability of pollution accidents. Coastal and inland ports, terminals, loading and unloading stations and ship repair yards should reach construction requirements before the end of 2017 and 2020 respectively. Operators of ports, terminals, loading and unloading stations should formulate emergency plans for prevention and control of water pollution by ships and relevant activities. (Led by Ministry of Transport, participated by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Agriculture, etc.)II. Promotion of transformation and updating of economic structure(5) Adjusting industrial structure. To eliminate outdated industrial capacity according to the law. From 2015 on, local authorities should formulate and implement outdated capacity elimination plans in the light of guidance category for elimination of outdated production process equipment & products and industrial restructuring guidance category for some industries as well as pollutant discharge standards for relevant industries, in combination of water quality improvement requirements and industrial development, and submit them to Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Ministry of Environmental Protection for future reference. In areas where such elimination is not completed, examination and approval of new projects in relevant industries should be suspended. (Led by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Environmental Protection, etc.)Making stricter environmental permission standard. To clarify regional environmental permission conditions, detail function zoning and implement differentiated environmental permission policies according to basin water quality target and main functional area planning requirements. To establish a monitoring and evaluation system for bearing capacity of water resources and environment, implement bearing capacity monitoring and early warning or water pollutant reduction plan in areas beyond bearing capacity, and accelerate adjustment of development planning and industrial structure. By 2020, status evaluation for bearing capacity of water resources and environment in cities and counties should be completed. (Led by Ministry of Environmental Protection and participated by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Water Resources, State Oceanic Administration, etc.)(6) Optimizing spatial layout. To reasonably determine development layout, structure and scale. Full consideration should be given to bearing capacity of water resources and environment, basing city, land, population and production on water resources. Major projects should be in principle arranged in optimizing and key development zones, which should conform to urban and rural planning as well as overall planning for land utilization. To encourage development of water-saving, efficient modern agriculture, low-water consumption high and new technology industry and eco-friendly tourism, exercise strict control over development of industries with large water consumption and heavy pollution in water-deficient areas, heavily water-polluted areas and sensitive areas, and implement reducing replacement of main pollutant discharge for newly built, rebuilt and expanded construction projects in key industries. Along the bank of main streams in seven major basins, strict control should be exercised over environmental risks of projects with respect to oil refinery, manufacturing of chemical raw materials and chemical products, pharmaceutical manufacturing, chemical fiber production, nonferrousmetal smelting, textile printing and dyeing, etc.; production equipment and facilities for storage of dangerous chemicals should be reasonably arranged. (Led by National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and participated by Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Water Resources, etc.)Promoting exit of polluting enterprises. Existing heavily polluting enterprises in iron and steel, nonferrous metals, papermaking, printing and dyeing, APIs manufacturing, chemical industry, etc. within urban built-up areas should be orderly relocated and transformed or closed down by law. (Led by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and participated by Ministry of Environmental Protection, etc.)Actively protecting ecological space. To exercise strict management of blue lines in urban planning and retain a certain proportion of water area within urban planning areas. New projects should not break the rule to occupy water area. Strict control should be exercised over usage of coastlines; sufficient space for management and protection of rivers, lakes and coasts should remain pursuant to relevant laws, regulations and technical standards in case of land exploitation and utilization, with illegal occupation eliminated within a specific deadline. (Led by Ministry of Land and Resources and Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and participated by Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Water Resources, State Oceanic Administration, etc.)(7) Advancing cyclic development. To strengthen recycling use of industrial water. To advance comprehensive utilization of mine water, with priority given in use of mine water as supplementary water in coal mining areas and water for production and ecological use in surrounding areas, and reinforce recycling use of coal washing sewage. To encourage enterprises engaged in iron and steel, textile printing and dyeing, papermaking, petroleum and petrochemistry, chemical industry, tanning, etc. with large water consumption to perform advanced waste treatment for recycling. (Led by National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and participated by Ministry of Water Resources, National Energy Administration, etc.)Promoting utilization of reclaimed water. To perfect reclaimed water reusing facilities mainly in cities suffering water shortage and heavy water pollution, and give priority in use of reclaimed water for industrial production, urban greening, road sweeping, vehicle washing, building construction and ecological landscape. To advance sewage treatment and utilization in expressway service areas. For projects with respect to iron and steel, thermal power, chemical industry, pulping and papermaking, printing and dyeing which fail to make full use of reclaimed water if they could, new water permits should not be given. From 2018 on, newly built public buildings with single building area exceeding 20000m2, newly built concentrated security housing covering an area of more than 20000m2, 50000m2 and 100000m2in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei respectively should be equipped with immediate water facilities for buildings. Actively advance installation of immediate water facilities in other newly built housing. By 2020, utilization rate of reclaimed water in water-deficient cities should reach above 20%, with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region reaching above 30%. (Led by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Water Resources, etc.)Promoting seawater utilization. To implement direct use of seawater as industrial water, e.g., circulating cooling water, in power, chemical, petrochemical and other industrials in coastal areas. To accelerate advancing use of desalted seawater as a supplementary source of domestic water in cities where possible. (Led by National Development and Reform Commission and participated by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Water Resources, State Oceanic Administration, etc.)III. Focus on water resources saving and conservation(8) Controlling total water consumption. To perform strictest management of water resources. To establish a sound index system for total water consumption control. To strengthen demonstration of water resources layout in relevant planning and project construction, formulation of national economic and social development planning and urban overall planning as well as layout of major construction projects, with full consideration given to conditions of local water resources and flood control requirements. For areas where water consumption has reached or exceeded the control index, new water permits should be suspended. To implement planned water use management for units included in water permit management and other major water consumers. Water consumption for newly built, rebuilt and expanded projects should lead the industry, with water saving facilities designed, constructed and operating in conjunction with main work. To establish a directory of units under key monitoring in water consumption. By 2020, total water consumption nationwide should be controlled below 670 billion m3. (Led by Ministry of Water Resources and participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Agriculture, etc.)Strictly controlling groundwater overexploitation. Before exploitation and utilization of groundwater in areas susceptible to geological disasters such as surface subsidence, ground fracture and karst collapse, risk assessment of geological disasters should be done. Strict control should be exercised over exploitation of deep confined water, geothermal water and mineral water development should be subject to strict water and mining permits. To standardize motor-pumped well construction and management according to the law, screen and register completed motor-pumped wells and close down unapproved self-provided wells and those falling within coverage of public water supply network. To formulate groundwater overexploitation prevention plans for areas suffering surface subsidence, seawater intrusion, etc. To carry out comprehensive treatment of groundwater overexploitation areas in North China and prevent industrial and agricultural production as well as service industry in overexploitation areas from new consumption of groundwater. Agricultural infrastructure projects in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, such as land reclamation, agricultural development and poverty alleviation, should not be conditioned by well digging. Before the end of 2017, it is required to complete demarcation of groundwater exploitation forbidden areas, limited areas and surface subsidence control areas, with one-year early completion in regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. (Led by Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Land and Resources, participated by National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Agriculture, etc.)。
2012职称英语阅读理解文章译文参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章
芭芭拉?罗尔斯是宾夕法尼亚州立大学的一位营养学教授。在接受《今日美国》采访时她说道：“从20世纪70年代起，美国的餐馆就开始提供越来越大份的食物；也就是从这个时候起，美国人的腰围也变得越来越粗了。”
第四篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福 6
Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 7
第五篇 中日敌意减少 7
Sino—Japan Animosity Lessens 8
第六篇 看电视与长途汽车旅行 9
TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 10
第七篇 现代日光浴者 10
Modern Sun Worshippers 11
第八篇 当代婚姻 11
The State of Marriage Today 12
第九篇 单亲幼儿最出色 12
Single-parent Kids Do Best 13
第十篇 纽约——各国移民的大熔炉 13
New York—The Melting Pot 14
第二十三篇 只好向上 27
The Only Way Is Up 28
第二十四篇 克隆农场 29
Clone Farm 29
第二十五篇 收入 30
Income 30
第二十六篇 天气预报的方法 31
Forecasting Methods 32
第二十七篇 服务业的重要性 33
Importance of Services 33
第三十八篇 对年轻人的过高期望 47
职称英语考试资料——阅读理解
阅读理解New US Plan for Disease Prevention（为预防疾病的新美国计划）1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US? They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.(1)下面关于美国的慢性病哪个选项是错误的他们经常会导致不健康的生活方式2.The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT higher survival rate for cancer.(作者没有提到预防疾病的方法是更高的癌症存活率)3.The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean much less money needed for disease treatment.3）这篇文章表明更多的金钱用于预防疾病将意味着更少的钱用于治病上4.The $15 million program is aimed at A)promoting disease prevention.4）一千五百万的项目的目标是促进预防疾病5. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantlyD)cancer death rate.早期癌症的屏蔽可以帮助减少癌症的死亡率）Eat to Live(为了活着吃饭)1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? We have to begin dieting from childhood.2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage? They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?The mice that started dieting in old age.5. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that：dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life.①童年时代就开始减肥是不正确的。
2016年职称英语综合类阅读理解(考试用)
2016 年职称英语综合类阅读理解50 篇第一篇Telling Tales about People1、This passage …about_ the … and biographies.2、Helen Keller wrote_ an autobiography. _______.3、Auto… because they__ want to … light ______.4、The writer … passage by__ defining it ______.5、Diverse means_ varied or different第二篇Outside -the-classroom Learning Makesa Big Difference1、An…student leaders Will not … in it.2、American…mostly for Building friendship.3、Who is Katie Rowley? She's a senior student.4、What…successful end? Passion.5、The…replaced by Polish.第三篇Shark Attack!1、After …, the shark_ swam away _.2、It…great whites often…escape _3、Which …of paragraph 4? are.4、The word … 4 means_ great whites'_5、What is … paragraph? We now… animals.第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving1、On Halloween, children…as Ghosts.2、When are…eaten? On Thanksgiving.3、Thanksgiving is…for Providing them … lives.4、Many children …because_They can …food.5、The first … in 1620.第五篇The Travels of Ibn Battuta1、What is…about? The adventures…Battuta.2、Which of …line 5? left to go to.3、The Sultan …because Ibn Battuta…Mecca.4、Which of …with? Ibn Battuta…today.5、Why did …home? The Sultan…return.第六篇Native American Pottery1、In the …means having to …business.2、The second …through steps in process.3、The Sail …known for black potteyr..4、Traditional … pottery take a lot of time。
2014 年职称英语综合A考生的福利压缩版本(请谨慎抄)
2014 年职称英语综合A考生的福利压缩版本（请谨慎抄）+第三十四篇To Have or Have Not 逃亡1、Why did…hotel? To have a change of scene.2、What attracted…shop? The light …inside.3、The writer…shop_of top quality.4、What was…him? She seemed to know him well5、The writer…because he saw … liked .+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way 选择她自己的路1、Maria wanted to attend_technical high school.2、In those days, …girls_did not go to high school.3、You can …that_only boys…schools.4、Maria' s father probably_had very…women.5、High school…days were_quite strict.+第三十六篇A Tale of Scottish Rual Life 苏格兰乡村生活的故事1、What is…about? The lives…farmers2、Which statement…Chris? She married only once3、What is…with? The history of Kinraddie4、Who are…Chris? The Germans5、The word…means The end of traditional life+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa 非洲的流行音乐1、This passage…is_ more serious …music2、For people…is both familiar and different3、The musicians …all_write about serious problems4、Eric Wainaina_studied music in Boston.5、Witness Mwaijaga …because she has had a difficult life herself+第三十八篇Why So Many Children 为什么有这么多的孩子1、In a …family can be an advantage2、When countries become industrialized, the birth rate generally goes down3、According to…an ndustrialized country…rate.4、Saudi Arabia…that_factors other …rate.5、In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government_has tried …women.+第三十九篇Eat to Live 为了活着吃饭1、ccording to…true? We have …childhood.2、Why does…paragraph 2? To illustrate…mice.3、What can…passage? They are …inflammation.4、According to…researchers? The mice …age.5、According to …,..that Dieting is …life.+第四十篇New US Plan for Disease Prevention 为预防疾病的新美国计划1、Which of…US? They often …lifestyles.2、The author…EXCEPT higher survival…cancer.3、The article …mean much less …treatment.4、The $15 million …at promoting disease prevention.5、Early cancer…significantly cancer death rate+第四十一篇The Operation of International Airlines 国际航空公司的经营1、According to…to cater to …jets.2、The following…EXCEPT that the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.3、The improvements…EXCEPT showing more movies during the long flights.4、There is …to speeding up customs procedure.5、Which of…airlines? They do…booked.+ 第四十二篇Sauna 桑拿浴1、Ceremonial bathing has various forms.2、What is…experience? Saunas with smoke.3、According to …EXCEPT curing asthma.4、According to…because pores are…sweat.5、Who are … sauna? All of the above.+ 第四十三篇Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack? 建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗？1、The question …one that was …attack.2、The project … Foundation was to…blasts.3、The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker.was part of the building close to the World Trade Center.4、A surprising …that some floor …explosion.5、What Dr. Reinhorn …that blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.+ 第四十四篇Americans Get Touchy 越来越爱肢体接触的美国人1、The word …by Nearly2、Which of…past? Embrace3、Some parents, …EXCEPT: Diseases could..body4、Which of…passage? In some …cheek.5、We can …hugging. Positive+第四十五篇Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer 女性在迷你裙上逗留的时间更长1、Debenhams could…be：a department store2、According to.., EXCEPT: can wear…time3、We can …1970s Most women…33.4、Which of …true? relationship. From the …stable5、The word…by：Soar+ 第四十六篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed 捍卫进化论仍必要1、According to…true? School boards …evolution.2、Which one …theory? Darwin’s …biology.3、AIBS’s is composed of more than 80 societies and 250,000 members.4、According to…evolution is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and genomics.5、Why do…nowadays? because the term creationism is too direct.+ 第四十七篇Narrow Escape 九死一生1、Why was …morning? Rocks loosened by melting ice could be dangerous.2、The first…is that climbers …you3、What is…”Cailloux”? Rocks are falling.4、What is …four? Being hit …“pleasant”at all5、In what …“safe”? The overhanging …rocks.+ 第四十八篇Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 苏格兰启蒙运动1、Scotland is …intellectuals. the ideas…because of2、Which of …studies? To find…whole.3、Smith's idea …for the prosperity of all nations.4、Which of…Enlightenment? It is…sense.5、The Institute…illustrate the tradition…education.+ 第四十九篇The Beginning of American Literature 美洲文学的起源1、What does…to? The hope to start a new life.2、When did…begin? Long before the year 1,000.3、What can …Americans? About the…Americans.4、The main…that early-day experience…literature.5、According to…literature? Some British writers had great confidence in the future of American literature.+ 第五十篇Older Volcanic Eruptions 远古火山爆发1、Why did…ones? Because they…easily.2、How did …eruptions? By comparing…produced.3、When did…extinct? 65 million years ago.4、What can …dinosaurs? The cause …issue.5、What is …article? Older volcanic…destructive.完形填空+第十一篇School LunchResearch has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly（正常地）in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to provide（提供）meals at lunchtime. Children can choose（选择）to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen(食堂，小卖部).One shocking finding（发现）of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict standards（标准）for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion（比例）of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy(乳制品的) item and starchy((食物)含有大量淀粉的) food like bread or pasta(意大利面食). Lunchboxes examined（检查）by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps(炸马铃薯片) and chocolate bars. Children consume（摄取）twice as much sugar(糖) as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better understanding （解释）of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased（增长）in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot criticise（批评）parents, but it can remind them of the nutritional（营养的）value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can affect（影响）their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating habits（习惯）at this age, and parents are the only ones who can prevent（阻止）it.+第十二篇 A Powerful InfluenceThere can be no doubt at all(根本) that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too muchtime playing on the Internet, hardly ever（几乎不）doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are curious（对…好奇）to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful（伤害）to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at （盯着看成）their computers?Obviously, if children are bent over their computers for hours, absorbed（沉迷）in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should make（利用）of the Internet, and the child should give his or her word（诺言）that it won’t interfere(妨碍) with homework. If the child is not holding（坚持）to this arrangement(安排), the parent can take more drastic(严厉的，极端的) steps（采取措施）dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating（协商）_ any other sort of bargain about(就(某物)讨价还价) behaviour.Any parent who is seriously（严重）alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment(约定) to discuss（讨论）the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily（必定）affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is absolutely （完全地）crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just going（度过）through a phase(阶段，时期), and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!+第十三篇The Old GateIn the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive reasons(原因)but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious(传染性的，会蔓延的) diseases(疾病). The Old City of London gates were all demolished(拆毁) by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a stroke(打击) of luck, it was never destroyed.This gate is, in actual(实际的) fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the boundary（分界线）between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in storage(存储)because its design was unfashionable(老套) it was expensive to maintain(维修) and it was blocking the traffic. The Temple Bar Trust was set out(建立) in the 1970's with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the Trust is the preservation(保存) of the nation's architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down(推倒) , stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral(总教堂, 大教堂). Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced(替换) , though there is a good chance(机会)_ that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest job(工作) of all, however, will be to recreate the statues(雕像) of the monarchs(君主) that once stood on top of the gate.+第十四篇Family History家族史In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being attracted （吸引）to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by investigating(调查，研究) their own family history. They can try to find （找出）out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fast-growing hobby, especially in countries with a fairly（相当）short history, like Australia and the United States.It is one（一方面）thing to spend some time going（探究）through a book on family history and to take the decision（决心）to investigate your own family's past. It is quite（的确）another to carry out(完成) the research work successfully. It is easy to set about(开始做(某事)) it in a disorganized(扰乱,瓦解) way and cause（引起）yourself many problems which could have been avoided（避免）with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are connected（有关系）with a famous character, whether hero or criminal(罪犯), do not let this idea take over(接管) your research. Just treat（当作）it as an interesting possibility(可能的事). A simple system for（用）collecting and storing your information will be adequate(充足的，适当的) to start with; a more complex(错综复杂的) one may only get in your way（道路）. The most important thing, though, is to get（被）started. Who knows what you might（可能）find ?+第十五篇Helen and MartinWith a thoughtful sigh(长叹一声), Helen turned away from the window and walked back to her favourite armchair(扶手椅). Would（将要）her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much.Over the years Helen had given up (放弃)_ waiting for Martin to take an interest in her. Her feelings for him had gradually weakened(变淡)_ until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sister's. curiosity(好奇心) to see what had become(发生…事) of herbrother.Almost without warning(预兆) , Martin had lost his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadn't bothered(烦扰) to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her confidence(对…有信心) in her own judgment growing. Ignoring(不顾) the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway through(过程中) her course and now, to the astonishment(惊讶;令人惊讶的事物) of the whole family, she was gaining(获得) a fast-growing reputation(名声，名誉;声望) in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live on(靠)from her paintings.Of course, she took(对) no pleasure in Martin's sudden misfortune(不幸;灾祸，灾难), but she couldn't help(忍不住)looking forward to her brother's arrival with quiet(暗暗地) satisfaction(满意，满足) at what she had achieved.。
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第四十篇New US Plan for Disease Prevention美国疾病预防新政策Urging鼓励Americans to take responsibility责任for their health1 , Health and Human Services Secretary 秘书Tommy Thompson on Tuesday星期二launched投入a$15 million program计划to try to encourage communities社区to do more to prevent chronic 慢性diseases like heart disease，cancer癌症and diabetes糖尿病.周二，健康及人道服务部秘书托米汤姆森发起了一项耗资1 500万美元的计划，大力推进社区在预防诸如心脏病、癌症及糖尿病等慢性病上发挥更大能量，以鼓励美国人对自己的健康负责。
The initiative自发的highlights 强调the cost of chronic慢性diseases2 - the leading causes of death in the United States——and outlines略述ways that people Can prevent them，including better diet节食and increased exercise.这一行动强调了慢性病——造成美国国人死亡的主要原因的代价，概括了预防疾病的途径，包括改善饮食和增加锻炼。
“In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast大量majority多数of serious illness重病，disability残疾and health care costs are caused by chronic慢性的diseases, "the Health and Human Services 公共事业Department said in a statement.声明卫生与公共服务部在报告中指出，“今天，在美国70%的死亡、绝大多数重病、残疾及健康医疗是由慢性病造成的，绝大多数医疗费用也花在慢性病的治疗上。
”The causes are often behavioral行为——smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.原因往往是行为上的——吸烟、不良的饮食习惯以及缺乏锻炼。
“I am convinced 确信that preventing disease 防病by promoting 促进better health is a smart聪明的policy政策choice for our future，”Thompson told a conference会议held to launch使下水the initiative倡议.“我确信通过增进健康来预防疾病是一项利在将来的精明之举。
”汤姆森在发起该倡议的会议上说“Our current现在health care system is not structured 安排to deal with 处理the escalating 使逐步升级costs of treating diseases that are largely大部分的preventable可预防的through changes in our lifestyle 生活方式choices."“我们当前的健康医疗体系不是为应付治疗那些基本上可以通过改变生活方式来预防的疾病的费用不断上涨而设立的。
”Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.汤姆森说道，全国心脏病和中风将在2003年将要耗资3 510亿美元。
“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable可预防的，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary强制for US to lead healthier, longer lives，”he said.“男性和女性死亡的主要病因都基本上可以预防，但是作为一个国家，我们却尚未采取必要措施使人们生活得更为健康长寿。
”他说道。
The $15 million is slated 安排to go to communities社区to promote 促进prevention，pushing 急切的for changes as simple as building sidewalks人行道to encourage people to walk more.调拨1 500万美元给社区来推动预防工作，促使变化，细微到修建人行道，鼓励人们多多步行。
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse倒开的heart disease and diabetes多尿症，and prevent cancer and strokes.每天锻炼，比如走步，能够预防以及治疗心脏病和糖尿病，且能预防癌症和中风。
The money will also go to community organizations组织，clinics 诊所and nutritionists 营养学家who are being encouraged to work together to educate培训people at risk of diabetes 多尿症about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.检查这批款项也将拨给社区组织、诊所及营养师，鼓励他们合作，教育有患糖尿病风险的人们如何进行预防，鼓励人们多做早期癌症筛查。
The American Cancer Society estimates估计that half of all cancers can be caught 引起by screening，including Pap半流质食物tests3 for cervical 子宫颈cancer, mammograms乳房X线照片for breast cancer 乳癌, colonoscopies结肠镜检察术, and prostate 前列腺checks.美国癌症学会估计，所有类型癌症的一半可用早期癌症筛查测出，包括针对宫颈癌的巴氏试验、针对乳腺癌的乳房X线照片、结肠镜检查以及前列腺检查。
If such cancers were all caught by early screening筛查.the group estimates 估计that the survival rate成活率for cancer would rise to 95 percent.如果所有这些癌症都能够由早期筛查测出，该组织估计癌症存活率将上升到95%。
词汇：diabetes [͵daiə'bi:ti:z,-ti:s] 糖尿病initiative [i'ni∫iətiv] n.主动的行动，倡议behavioral [bɪ'heɪvjər(ə)l] adj.行为方面的escalate ['eskəleit] vi.逐步上升;逐步增强slate [sleit] vt.预定，规划nutritionist [nju:`trɪ∫ənɪst] n.营养学家cervical 'sə:vikəl] adj.子宫颈的mammogram ['mæmə͵ɡræm] n. 乳房X射线照片colonoscopy [,kəʊlə`nɔskəpɪ] n.结肠镜检查prostate ['prɔsteit] adj. 前列腺的注释：1.take responsibility for their health ：承担起确保自己健康的责任2.The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases … ：这一行动强调了慢性病所造成的损失……3.Pap test (= Papanicolaou test):巴氏试验(一种检查早期癌变的方法) 练习：1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic 慢性的diseases in the US?A)They account for 70% of all deaths.B)They are responsible为……负责for most of the health care costs.C)They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.生活方式D)They are largely preventable.可预防的1. C 从文章的第三、六段分别可以看出，在美国，70%的死亡时由慢性病造成的，绝大多数医疗费用也花在慢性病的治疗上，而不健康的生活方式会引发慢性病，而不是慢性病引发不健康的生活方式。
慢性病很大程度上是可以预防的。
2.The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPTA)better diet.B)increased exercise.C)reduction on smoking.D)higher survival rate for cancer.2. D 从文章的第二、四段可以排除A、B和C三个选项。
3.The article indicates表明that more money spent on disease prevention will meanA)greater responsibility of the government.B)much less money needed for disease treatment.C)higher costs of health care.D)more 1ifestyle choices for people.3. B 从文章的第三、六、七段可以看出，慢性病的治疗花费极高。