托福口语TPO第四题答案
Tpo 1T4 business management –groupthinkAttemptConformConsensusDelayInevitableUltimatelyGroupthink is that individuals in the group give up their own opinions and have to agree with the idea which the group seems prefer although it would be wrong. Professor gives his own example to demonstrate the concept. He worked at a computer company. And he suggested to change the outlook of their computer. At first half of the colleges agreed his idea but after the senior manager gave an opposite opinion, nobody insisted on the change except him. Because the college was afraid the disagreement with the senior manager would affect his promotion. In the end, the professor began to doubt his idea and voted against his own will. Finally, group’s unchanging decision was proved wrong.Tpo3T4 sociology – cognitive dissonanceDiscomfortContradictoryInterpretationMinimizeCognitive dissonance is that when people’s actions are different from people’s beliefs, they feel uncomfortable about the contradiction then they would change the way they think instead of act to get an illusion they don’t have the problem. Professor gave a negative example about his contradiction between playing computer game and working hard in chemistry. At first, he believed if he wanted a good career, he should do well in every subject. But he was a game addict and his chemistry was very bad. Since he couldn’t stop playing games, he ended the conflict by changing the perspective: he didn’t need to be good at all the subjects but the ones relevant to his career. so he made himself believe bad performance in chemistry would influence his goal to be a sociologist.Tpo4T4 psychology - verbal and nonverbal communicationUtterUnconsciouslyEnhanceConvincingContortSmashProfessor demonstrates two examples in his family to explain the relation with communication –verbal and nonverbal and the effects. First example is that when his uncle gave him a surprise visit, he greeted him with both warm words and hearty laugh. His eyes were broad and broke into a big laugh and jumped up and down like a boy. Those facial express emphasized the information he wanted to deliver. Second example is that his thumb was hurt by a hammer when he taught his daughter how to use hammer and nails. Although he was very painful, he didn’t want to scare his daughter so he kept saying he was ok but his body language betrayed his true feeling: shaking hand, trembling voice.Tpo5T4 marketing -- Target marketingAdvertiserTrendEffectivePotentialTarget marketing is to make special commercial to a certain group of customers. That s an effective way to transfer the information and stimulate customers to buy the product. The example given by professor is about cell phone commercial. Company made different commercials for different customers. For young people, the commercial was put during the pop music show usually for kids. It presented more features about color, time with friends. For business people, commercial was showed more its business features like dealing with many things in an efficient way and saving money. Actually they are the same cell phone.Tpo 6T4 psychology – explicit memories and implicit memoriesIntentionalRecollectionDeclareProfessor gave two examples to explain two kinds of memories. Explicit memory is that people memorize something consciously like what they eat for dinner. Implicit memory is that people record something unconsciously in mind but they don’t realize the memorizing action. For example, few people could remember the huge AD of Panther car on the billboard which they see on the highway when they drive by it. But when they are asked to name an animal starting with the letter P, many people would say panther rather than the most common animal Pig.Tpo 7T4 psychology -- behavior modificationConsequenceDiscourageSettingsProfessor gave an example about kids to explain the relation between behavior modification and consequence. When kids first go to school, they don’t get used to the rules and often misbehave in general like interfere the teacher, walk around when they re supposed to sit. Well, in this case, they may get punished from the teacher and the kids surely don’t like it. in opposite, if they behave well, like sitting quietly, raising hand, they may get rewarded and other good reaction from teacher. Then the kids learn how to avoid punishment by doing this or to get reward by doing that. They could change the behavior they used to have.Tpo 8T4 biology – revealing colorationPredatorStartlePreyDisplayRevealing coloration is a method the animals use bright area on their body to escape from predators. Professor gives two examples to explain the concept. Peanut bug hides its bright colorful spot on the back wing. When getting attacked, it will suddenly show the bright part to surprise the predatory and use the chance to get away. Morpho butterfly has a shining part on its wings which would reflect the sunlight. it hides the part when it is resting. When the predator approaches, it would widen the wing and show the shining part. The light reflecting makes it hard to pursue the prey.Tpo 9T4 film -- the establishing shotContextEstablishing shot is one way to introduce the background of the movie. Through it, audience would figure out when and where the story is going to happen and which mood and feeling re in it. Professor gave an example about the movie he thought great. The image provides some information like location –in an out of date building in a big city and period –1940 and the gloomy style which implies something dark and mysterious. Before the story begins, the audience could get a general idea about the movie’s genre.T4 Marketing -- entertainment merchandisingReverseEntertainment merchandising is a form of marketing. It means to use the successful brand to influence the market of a new product. Professor gives 2 examples to demonstrate the concept. When he was young, his friends and he were big fans of an animation character – action hero. Because of the show, the action hero figure already has a lot potential customers. Conversely, his 7 year old daughter likes a baby doll, rosa. Then a new tv show with rosa as the main character will be very popular among the children who have one.Tpo 11T4 Art history -- outsider artProfessor gives an example to explain the outsider art. An artist lives in a tiny apartment, draws alone and privately. He hasn’t received any formal education about painting so he has very unique way to make people remember his own style. Instead of drawing the people’s figure himself, he cut off the figure from newspaper or magazine and paste them on his painting. Another difference is that the painting is fully filled with more complicated details. And the sizing of the painting is usually twice than the traditional art one.Tpo 12T4 psychology -- subliminal perceptionConstantlyPerceiveAuditoryStimulithresholdprofessor explains a concept –subliminal perception in psychology class by presenting an experiment. Well, two groups of people are demanded to watch tv. Meanwhile they are given unconsciously and quickly three pictures during the show. First, both teams see a same picture of a boy with a birthday cake. Then each team has the different picture: one is the happy boy, another is the angry boy. then, two groups have to give comments about the personality about the boy according to the last same pic of the boy with natural expression and none of them notice that they ve seen the boy before. But two teams give exactly the positive and negative opinion which matches the second pics.Tpo 13T4 perceptual constancyPerceptual constancy means that our perception about familiar objects is unchangeable even if they are viewed in different conditions. Professor explains the concept by giving two examples: one is the plate in different position. When we hold the plate in front of us, its shape is a perfectcircle, while we put it on the table in a horizontal angle, it changes to an oval. No matter how it s put, we still consider the plate is round. Another one is professor in different distance. When the professor stands far away from us, it looks that he gets smaller. Conversely, when he walks towards us, professor gets bigger. However, wherever he stands, we know that he is the professor.Tpo 14T4 comfort zone biasRefer toProfessor presents a story of his friend’s career choice to explain the concept – comfort zone bias. People get used to stay in a stable position instead of taking risk. His friend wanted to be a film reviewer after graduation. Unfortunately, he couldn’t find a job as film reviewer but news reporter. Gradually he found himself really good at news reporter and has worked for a longtime. Later, the film reviewer in his company quit, he was offered to do this job but he refused due to the comfort zone he has been. He wouldn’t risk to take the challenge.Tpo 15T4 psychology -- experimenter effectAccurateOutcomeTherebyInvalidateExperimenter effect means the attitude and expectation of the experimenter would affect the outcome of the experiment. Professor gives an example about monkey training. The researcher is asked to train the monkeys to pick up ball and put it into box. There re two groups of monkeys. The researcher is told one group of monkeys is highly intelligent; the other is less smart. In fact, two groups are similar intelligent. Well, the result turns out that researcher spends less time with the supposed smarter group than with the supposed less smart group. Because he thinks the smarter group is easier to train and then he smiles to them a lot and talked to them, encourages them and communicates with them.Tpo 16T4 psychology -- social loafingOutputDeliberateIn groupOn one’s ownSocial loafing is that people are not willing to contribute in group work as much as in an individual mission. Professor illustrates the concept with a study of pilling potatoes. Two groups of people are demanded to pill the potatoes. One group is told that the number potatoes will berecorded per person. While another group is told that the record would be counted in total which means result of each person wouldn’t be recorded. Then the researcher studies the average number per person of each group. It turns out that the result in group work is significant fewer than in individual work.Tpo 17T4 sociology -- ritualizationRitualizationDog threaten show the teeth stay awayA long bite baring the teethOver time come to signal keep awayDefenseNeed a right communication be warning signalThe concept ritualization is about the development of a behavior from a practical act to a form of communication. Here is an example about the dog’ baring teeth. A long long time age, when dog feel threaten by other dogs or animals, it is going to bite the others. Well before it bites, it will first bare its teeth. Over time, the animals find this process and take it as a signal to keep away. And dog also knows without real bite, it can get the right result. Then dog will show the teeth to warn other animals to stay away as a communication signal.Tpo 18T4 biology -- relict behaviorVanishHabitatRelict behavior means that the old behavior or characteristic of the animals remains even if the habitats are changed. Professor presents an example of American prown, a dearlike animal, lives on grass plaint in the middle of north America. Prown is the fastest animal in northern hemisphere. No predator hopes to catch up with it. The reason why it run so fast is because tens thousands of years ago, there are lions on plaints which chase and prey prown and move very swiftly, much faster than other predators. Now lions in north America extinct. But prown keeps its fast speed that is critical to its survival at that moment.Tpo 19T4 social learningFamilyprofessor gives a common example in family to illustrate the concept of social learning which means to learn or not to learn some behavior by observing the consequent led by the act. Here s the story. A 7 year old sis and a 4 year old boy go shopping with their mother, the girl wants a toy and she cries and screams to ask the mother to buy her one. Finally mother gives in and buy her the toy. The younger brother sees what happened and he might do the same thing when he wants something from mother. In opposite, if mother ignore the crying and screaming girl and even gives her some punishment back home, the boy probably will avoid doing the same thing.Tpo 20T4 business management -- franchisingProfessor gives an example of pizza town to demonstrate the definition of franchising. he wants to start a pizza restaurant. Knowing the risk to start a new business, he decided to use a known thing, There is a pizza restaurant in chain named pizza town. Then he pays the pizza town for the right to use the name, to get the training to make the pizza exactly like pizza town. That’s franchising. Instead, he has to decorate the restaurant in the same way as pizza town is, the color, the style. But that’s great, because pizza town runs well in general and their pizza sells.Tpo 21T4 questioning awareness of effectProfessor talked about a way to stop student’s disruptive behavior in the class –questioning awareness of effect. He gives an example about a student Sara in his class. He asked students to raise hands when they wanted to answer the question. however, as other student put hands in the air, sara just called on the answer without raising hand. That mad others frustrated. Professor told her directly her behavior was not fair for other students. Then without waiting for the reaction, professor continued to teach. From then on, each time, sara wanted to answer the question, she just raised hands like others.。
托福口语task4真题及解析-智课教育旗下智课教育
智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料托福口语task4真题及解析-智课教育旗下智课教育托福口语task4该怎样解题呢？答案和题目之间有什么关系呢？现在就跟着智课教育小编一起来学习吧！在托福口语 考试中，task4是比较难的题目，你知道这类话题该怎样解答吗?我们又应该怎样做才能在托福口语考试中取得高分呢?这类话题中的范文又应该怎样组织呢?现在就跟着智课教育小编一起来看看这则托福口语范文解析吧!Reading Part:Experimenter EffectOne objective of any experiment is, of course, to obtain accurate results. Sometimes, however, problems occur that lead to in accurate results. One such problem is the experimenter effect. ①The experimenter effect occurs when are searcher’s expectations affect the outcome of the experiment. The researcher expects a particular result from the experiment, and that expectation causes the researcher to act in ways that influence the behavior of the experiment participants, thereby invalidating the results of the experiment.Listening Part:Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a psychology class.(male professor) ②For example, I recently read about a case in which a researcher was given two groups of monkeys and he was asked to train these monkeys to pick up a ball and put it in a box. And he was told to record how many hours it took to train each monkey to learn to do this.③Now, before he started the training, the researcher was told that one group of monkeys was highly intelligent and the other group was less intelligent. In truth, there was no difference between them. All the monkeys were actually very similar in terms of intelligence. But the researcher didn’t know that. Hethought one group was smarter, so he expected that group would be easier to train.So, what happened? Well, the researcher trained the monkeys to perform the action, and it turned out that.④ On average, it took him two hours less time to train the supposedly smart monkeys than the supposedly less intelligent monkeys. Why? ⑤Well, it turns out that with the supposedly smart monkeys the researcher smiled at them a lot, gave them a lot of encouragement, talked to them a lot, worked hard to communicate with them but with the monkeys he thought were less intelligent, he wasn’t this enthusiastic, he didn’t try this hard, wasn’t quite optimistic.Question:Explain how the example from the professor ’s lecture illustrates the experimenter effect.一.范文The professor talks about experimenter effect which occurs when a researcher’s expectation affect the outcome of an experiment. In the study, researcher was asked to train two groups of monkeys. He was told that one group of monkey was smarter than the other, although they are equally intelligent. It turned out monkeys from the first group took two hours less to train on average. The reason was that the researcher expected the smarter group to be easier to train so he smiled to those monkeys and encouraged them a lot during the training. But he didn’t work as hard with the monkeys from the other group.二.重点词汇1. objective：adj. 客观的;目标的;宾格的Our main objective was the recovery of the child safe and well.2. invalidate：vt. 使无效;使无价值An official decree invalidated the vote in the capital.3. encouragement：n. 鼓励Friends gave me a great deal of encouragement.4. enthusiastic：adj. 热情的;热心的;狂热的Tom was very enthusiastic about the place.三.重点句型1. ①when引起了时间状语从句，这句话给实验者效应下定义，实验者的期望有时候会影响实验的结果。
【必备资料】托福TPO4口语Task4题目文本及答案解析
【必备资料】托福TPO4口语Task4题目文本及答案解析在托福口语备考中，想要快速提升自己的托福口语能力，除了不断的累积自己的词汇和句型之外，从TPO练习入手也不失为一个不错的方法。
那么，在以下内容我们就为大家带来托福口语TPO的题目和答案解析。
托福TPO4口语task4题目 Reading Part:Nonverbal LanguagesNonverbal language refers to human emotional expressions without involvingverbal statements. Facial expressions and body moments are the two mostlyattributed types of nonverbal languages. It is generally believed that nonverballanguages function as the enhancement of emotional expressions when they consistwith verbal languages.Under the circumstances that nonverbal languages and verbal languagescontradict in the contents they express, nonverbal languages are more likely torelease people’s true emotions.托福TPO4口语task4题目 Listening Part:Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a psychology course.Professor (male) Last month, my favorite uncle paid me a surprise visit. Ihadn’t seen him in many years. The door bell rang, I opened the door and therewas uncle Pete. Now, I am sure when I saw him I said something like, “UnclePete, what a surprise! How nice to see you.” Anyway, my wife was standing nextto me, and according to her, I wasn’t really aware of this, my eyes got really wide and I broke into a huge big smile, she said I was really jumping up anddown like a little boy. Well, anyway, later that evening uncle Pete told me how very good he felt when he saw how happy I was to see him.But compared that with this: my daughter, she’s six, we were building a bird house together last week, and I was showing her how to use a hammer and a nail. And, of course, stupid me, I wasn ’t being very careful when I smashed my thumb with the hammer. Boy, it hurt! I almost felt like screaming, but I didn’t wantto upset my daughter, so I said, “Don’t worry, honey. It’s nothing.” Meanwhile, I was shaking my hand as if that would stop my thumb from hurting and my facewas contorted in pain.My voice was trembling, too. So, even though I told my daughter I was OK, Iam sure she didn’t believe me, because she kept asking me if I was OK.托福TPO4口语task4题目 Question:Explain how the examples from the professor’s lecture illustrate therelationship between verbal and nonverbal communication.托福TPO4口语task4答案解析：1. Reading key(1.1) Main idea: relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication (1.1.1) Agree with one another: enhance and support each other(1.1.2) Conflict with one another: nonverbal is more accurate2. Listening key(2.1) Example 1:(2.1.1) Uncle visits(2.1.2) Verbal: so happy to see you!(2.1.3) Nonverbal: jumping up and down, huge big smile, eyes got really wideNonverbal signals enhance verbal message(2.2) Example 2:(2.2.1) Teaches daughter how to use a hummer and nail(2.2.2) Verbal: it’s fine, it’s alright(2.2.3) Nonverbal: shakes hand, face full of pain(2.2.4) Nonverbal signals are telling the truth托福TPO4口语task4范文：In the lecture, the professor talks about the relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication. The first example is that his uncle Pete gave him a surprise visit. His eyes got wide, he broke into a huge big smile, and he was jumping up and down like a little boy. His expression enhanced how happy he was to see Uncle Pete. The second example is he hurt his thumb when teaching his daughter how to work with a hammer. Even though he kept saying he’s fine, he was shaking his hand and his face was twisted in pain. Those expressions told his daughter the truth: he was really in a lot of pain.本文部分信息来源于新东方在线。
托福TPO独立口语题参考答案1-4
Sample answer for independent tasks in the TPO speaking section建议使用方法：1.注意结构和答题思路，例子可以参考2.想提高语音、语调的同学，建议熟读每个sample answer3.注意积累段子中地道的用词、短语及句型4.不建议背诵TPO 11.Talk about a book you have read that was important to you for some reason.Explain why the book was important to you. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.I would like to talk about the book called the Five People You Meet in Heaven. I was attracted to its cover at first, although people often say that you should never judge a book by its cover. Well, I could not remember its content clearly, but I guess it talks about a story of a dead guy. After he died and went to heaven, he met five people, who he thought was perfect strangers and didn’t have any relationship with each other. However, it turned out that the events that had happened on these people were all connected in some way, which finally led to his death. The story is quite inspiring, at least for me. I believe that the little things that happen in our daily life are not isolated, but connected in some subtle manner. Now I am never easily frustrated by setbacks in my life since I know that the so-called “bad things”may eventually lead to a great ending.2. Some people believe that television has had a positive influence on society. Others believe that it has had a negative influence on society. Which do you agree with and why? Use details and examples to explain your opinion.Generally speaking, I believe that TV has a positive influence on society. It has permeated into our daily life for such a long time that watching TV together has become a way to strengthen the bond within the family. Every night after meal, the family members would sit in front of the TV, watching shows while chatting about the things that happen during the day. They don’t care much about which programs are on, as long as everyone is present. Besides, TV provides a relief zone for most of us. Sometimes my parents feel stressed out after a whole day’s work, and I also have to study under heavy pressure. Watching TV enables us to get refreshed, thus preparing us for the next day.TPO 21.Choose a place you go to often that is important to you and explain why it isimportant. Please use specific details in your explanation.In spare time, I often go to a book store called Librairie Avant-Garde. It is probably one of the most popular stores in my hometown, especially since the New York Times listed it as the most beautiful book store in Nanjing. I like there because it is my relief zone. The atmosphere is quite refreshing. I enjoy reading under the golden dim light with the rich smell of coffee around and soft, euphoric melody in the air. Even simply sitting there enables me to get away from all the troubles. Besides, I’ve met many amazing people there, who have similar interests with me. Sometimes we discuss about the books. We are particularly fond of books about traveling and even plan to have a long-distance trip together. Isn’t it wonderful? The store is another home for me.2.Some college students choose to take courses in a variety of subject areas inorder to get a broad education. Others choose to focus on a single subject area in order to have a deeper understanding of that area. Which approach to course selection do you think is better for students and why?I prefer to take courses in a variety of subject areas. I’m curious about everything which is strange to me and more than willing to take courses about them. I don’t need much professional information, just some introduction to various areas so that I would know which fields deserve my further attention. I’ve taken a broad range of courses in school, such as literature, history, psychology, to name a few. I’m surprised to realize that I’m quite talented in many of them and have decided to deepen my understanding in relevant fields. Besides, I don’t like focusing on a single subject area. Even though I may become an expert in that area, I would be rather poor in others and that lets me feel insecure.TPO 31.What characteristics do you think make someone a good parent? Explain whythese characteristics are important to you.First of all, a good parent should respect me. What I mean is, never compare me with others since this would not only hurt my confidence, but also put me under heavy pressure. I’ve watched some parents doing this in front of me, and the poor kids seemed rather embarrassed. What’s more, I hope they would stand in my shoes, especially when I don’t do a good job. We have lots of exams at school and sometimes I blow them. I’m quite lucky in that my parents are not those people who just focus on the results and scold the kids for bad scores. Rather, they care more about the efforts I’ve made and how much progress I’ve got. And during those hard times, we would discuss my situation together, trying to figure out the problems I face. That’s what wonderful parents should do.2.Some students prefer to work on class assignments by themselves. Others believeit is better to work in a group. Which do you prefer? Explain why.I prefer to work on the assignment in a group. I have to admit that I’m a self-motivated person. When left alone, I often get myself distracted by snacks, music or computer games. I mean, it’s like those things are calling out to me. In contrast, if I join a study group, I have to focus on the assignments since when everyone else me is study, I cannot be the only one goofing around. Besides, the whole group can do some brain-storming, which helps to boost the efficiency. You know, we put our heads together, and each one would contribute some inspiring thoughts. Of course, I could finish the tasks on my own; but I may see only part of the picture. Working in a group allows us to get a more comprehensive idea.TPO41.What do you miss most about your home when you are away? Use specific detailsin your explanation.I miss my ukulele most when I’m away from home. It’s a gift a bought for myself. Actually, I’ve always wanted to learn Guitar, but since it’s too big for me I had to drop the idea. And the whole thing came to a dead –end until I saw a ukulele. It’s small and only has four strings, which makes it relatively easier to learn. I’ve played it every day since I got it home and gradually, the rookie became the master. Once I traveled abroadfor half a month, during which I had to endure the separation with it. It was like part of my life was missing. Although I had a great time there, I was pretty sure it would have been even better if I had had my ukulele at hand. I guess I would bring it wherever I go in the future.2.Many universities now offer academic courses over the Internet. However, somepeople still prefer learning in traditional classrooms. Which do you think is better?Explain why.I would definitely vote for traditional classrooms. It is true that on-line courses have made it convenient for us to take various courses at home and abroad, it lacks the learning atmosphere. When learning in classrooms, I have my classmates and professor around. If I have any questions, I simply raise my hand and speak them out. Then my classmates and professors would discuss about it. Sometimes we even have a little debate. All these activities, which are away from on-line courses, help to deepen our understanding. Besides, I don’t think the on-line communication can replace face-to-face conversation. When talking in person, we could see each others’ facial expression, hear their voice. It’s just more natural. Of course I can chat with others through typing on line. But the feeling is different and I don’t like taking courses in this way.。
新托福口语第四题详解附模板
智课网TOEFL备考资料新托福口语第四题详解【附模板】摘要：新托福口语第四题详解【附模板】！在托福口语考试中，很多同学们都反映口语很难，小编建议大家先搞清楚口语考试的题型。
接下来就一起来看看新托福口语第四题详解。
新托福口语第四题详解【附模板】。
在托福口语考试中，很多同学们都反映口语很难，小编建议大家先搞清楚口语考试的题型。
接下来就一起来看看新托福口语第四题详解。
托福口语下载托福口语第四题形式：R-L-S托福口语第四题阅读：时间：(40到45s)内容：学术类短文(75到100words)--材料相对笼统抽象(生命科学、社会科学、自然科学和人文科学)托福口语第四题听力：内容：与阅读相关联, (扩展事例，举反例或运用阅读概念)托福口语第四题作答：根据短文和讲座中的信息并且对其中的关键信息进行整合及加工。
就是说：阅读可能给一些很深奥的名词或者概念，然后听力讲座时会针对这些概念做出解释，模拟的就是课堂的真实情况，阅读好比教材，讲座好比上课。
所以要注意听出来二者之间的关系，然后作答托福口语第四题时间：准备时间：30s陈述时间：60s托福口语第四题备考TIPS：reading passage: 主要记下抽象的词(标题)，和具体的定义;原理(寻找包含标题词的句子，定义句一定在附近)listening passage: 听段子的时候，带着“老师用什么例子来进行说明”这个问题去听。
要听结构(1+2)，还要听例子中涉及到的3个基本要素(实验对象，实验过程，实验结果)。
其中，实验过程要详细。
注意这些和抽象的定义和原理的挂钩。
听力材料的前两句话，老师会给出所听内容的概括性介绍。
再结合阅读给出的概念。
再听举例说明。
其方法通常是举出扩展事例，举反例或是短文中概念的实际应用。
8、本题题型细分为两种题型：A、二元正负类：阅读材料中的关键句之一有两个对称并列的概念性词语(切记：通常是动词!)(1)在阅读材料中找到两个关键词，听力材料必然围绕这两个关键词展开。
【必备资料】托福TPO8口语Task4题目文本及答案解析
【必备资料】托福TPO8口语Task4题目文本及答案解析在托福口语备考中，想要快速提升自己的托福口语能力，除了不断的累积自己的词汇和句型之外，从TPO练习入手也不失为一个不错的方法。
那么，在以下内容我们就为大家带来托福口语TPO的题目和答案解析。
托福TPO8口语task4题目 Reading Part:Revealing ColorationMany animals use coloration to protect themselves from predators. Onedefensive strategy involving the use of coloration is what is known as revealingcoloration. Animals employing this strategy have an area of bright color on somepart of their body, this bright color is usually hidden from predators’ view.When approached by a predator, the animal suddenly reveals the area of brightcolor, this unexpected display of color startles or confuses the predator andprovides the would-be-prey with an opportunity to escape.托福TPO8口语task4题目 Listening Part:Now listen to part of a lecture from a biology class.(male) There’s a large tropical insect called the Peanut Bug. Yes, like thepeanuts you eat. Um, and the Peanut Bugs front wings are colored so they blendin with their surroundings. But its back wings, which are usually closed andhidden, have these bright colorful spots on them. And when the Peanut Bugs are attacked, it suddenly opens its back wings and out pop these bright colors. And that surprises the predator and gives the Peanut Bug a chance to get away.Um, then you have a butterfly called the morpho butterfly. And parts of the morpho butterfly wings are very shiny. They reflect a lot of sunlight. When this butterfly is resting, this shin y part of its wings is hidden. Now morpho butterflies are often attacked by birds. So when a bird approaches, the morpho flies away. And when the morpho flaps its wings, all the bird can see are flashes of light reflected from the morpho’s wings. Those flashes of light make it very difficult for the bird to follow the morpho. And the morpho is usually able to get away.托福TPO8口语task4题目 Question:Using the example of the Peanut Bug and the morpho butterfly, explain the concept of revealing coloration.托福TPO8口语task4答案解析：1. Reading key(1.1) Term: Revealing Coloration(1.2) Definition: a defensive strategy involving the use of coloration is what is known as revealing coloration2. Listening key(2.1) Example 1:(2.1.1) Peanut bug(2.1.2) Huge colorful spots on back wings that are hidden(2.1.3) Expose color spot when under attack(2.1.4) Get a chance to escape when predator is surprised(2.2) Example 2:(2.2.1) Morpho butterfly(2.2.2) Shinny wings that reflect a lot of sunlight(2.2.3) That makes it hard for the bird to see the butterfly when chasing it(2.2.4) Bird slows down; butterfly escapes托福TPO8口语task4范文：The professor talks about revealing coloration which is a strategy animals use to get away from predators involving the use of colors. In the firstexample, peanut bugs show the two big bright spots located on their back wings to surprise predators, so it gets a chance to hide or escape. In the second example, the professor talks about morpho butterfly. When it’s attacked by birds, the morpho flies away, and when it flaps its wings, it’s very difficult for the bird to get a good look at them, because morpho’s wings can reflect a lot of sun light. When the bird slows down, the morpho can usually get away.本文部分信息来源于新东方在线。
新托福TPO口语参考题目答案——TPO4 - 副本
题目1. What do you miss most about your home when you are away? Use specific details in your explanation.答案I miss food most when I am away from my home, particularly the noodles cooked by my father. When I was in high school, my father always cooked noodles for me at night. Every day after evening self-study classes, I came home and had the noodles. The noodles were delicious, coz you know, after long-time study, it’s easy to be tired and hungry. So the first thing I did when I got home at that time was to eat noodles. Sometimes, my father would add beef to the noodles and beef is kind of my favorite meat. The most important ingredient of the noodles is the specially-made sauce. Sadly, I don’t know how exactly my father makes the sauce. But whenever I go back home, I need to have the noodles cooked by my father.题目 2. Many universities now offer academic courses over the Internet. However, some people still prefer learning in traditional classrooms. Which do you think is better? Explain why.答案I think learning in traditional classrooms is better. The reason why I think so is that there are more interactions in traditional classrooms than in online courses. Students can have discussions and they see each other face to face. It’s highly probable that some of them will become friends. While in the online courses, students don’t know each other, they miss a chance of making friends. Also, in a traditional classroom, if a student doesn’t understand a concept or an idea, he or she can raise hand to ask the teacher directly. While in an online course, there is no chance for students to raise hands or to throw out questions immediately. Students in traditional classrooms not only learn the academic knowledge but also learn basic interpersonal interactions.I prefer to take academic courses on the Internet. Since the courses are offered online, I don’t have to live near campus. All I need is a computer and a well-connected Internet. I can study at home and anywhere convenient. Besides, I don’t have to worry about my housing, nor do I need to drive back and forth. So itsaves me money and time. Also, it’s easier to record online courses so I can review the part I don’t understand. With the recorded courses, I can have a good review before final examination.题目3. The computer department is considering a scheduling change. Explain the man's opinion of the change and the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.答案The Computer Department proposes to add evening computer classes because daytime computer classes have become overcrowded. But the man in the conversation thinks it’s a bad proposal. The man says that most of the students have already got their own plans in the evenings. They have jobs, family, clubs and social events so they won’t have time to attend the evening classes. The man also says that it’s actually going to cost more to open evening classes than to simply buy more computers, since to open new classes need to hire new teachers. However, computer is not expensive now. Plus, the computer classrooms are big enough to hold more computers. So he thinks buying more computers is a better way to solve the problem.题目 4. Explain how the examples from the professor's lecture illustrate the relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication.答案The professor uses his two experiences to illustrate the relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication. In his first experience, his uncle visited him. Since he hadn’t seen his uncle for a long time, when he saw his uncle, he said“What a surprise！”and because he was so happy that he jumped like a little boy and had a huge smile on his face. His uncle felt good because of his words and actions. Since the professor’s verbal message agrees with his nonverbal signals, the verbal message is enhanced. In his second experience, when he was showing his daughter how to use ahammer, he smashed his thumb. He said to his daughter “Don’t worry, honey. It’s nothing.” but at the same time he was shaking his hand and his face was contorted. His daughter kept asking him if he was okay. Because the professor’s verbal message doesn’t agree with his nonverbal message, the communication is totally different.题目5. The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the man's problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.答案The man didn’t take his class schedule with him and it’s his first day in the college, so he couldn’t find his classroom. The woman offers two possible solutions. The first solution is that he can go to use the computer in the computer center to check the schedule. But it’ll take sometime to go there and he doesn’t want to be late for his first class. The second solution is that he can just go to big classrooms in the building to check which one is the class he is going to take. But he thinks it’ll be embarrassing if he goes into a classroom and asks if he is in the right room. I would recommend he to go to the computer center, since he didn’t take his class schedule, it’s necessary to check all classes for the whole day. Maybe he’ll be late for his first class, but at least he won’t feel embarrassed for the rest of the day.题目6. Using points and examples from the lecture, explain the importance of visual elements in painting.答案In the lecture, the professor says in order for art to express meaning or emotion, artists need to combine various visual elements such as color and texture. Different colors can evoke different moods. Red is a strong color so it evokes strong emotions such as extreme joy, excitement and anger, whereas blue is a cool color so it evokes calming effect. As for texture, a rough texture can evoke strong emotions and strength, while a smooth texture is more calming and less emotional. Artists need to combine these elements to express meaning or convey message. For example, if a painting uses strong colors such as red and orange and uses brush strokes to give a rough texture, it will convey a wilder and more chaotic emotion in a viewer than a painting with soft colors and smooth texture.。
(扬州)托福口语考试Task 4例题解析
托福口语考试Task 4例题解析托福口语考试的第四题在整个口语考试中是较难的一道题。
今天，我们就来详细地解析一道Task 4的题目。
我们以TPO47为例：Task 4ReactancePeople all ages generally prefer to have as much freedom as possible in determining their behavior. When individuals feel that their actions are being unfairly limited, they often attempt to restore freedom by directly contradicting or opposing the rule of regulation that threatened their freedom. Both children and adults demonstrate behaviors that are the results of their urge to restore freedom. This r eaction, termed “reactance” by psychologists, come from an individual’s desire to reestablish freedom and control of a situation.Question: Explain how the examples in the lecture illustrate the concept of reactance.首先，考生会有45秒钟的时间去看这篇文章。
那么，让我们来看看这篇文章讲了什么。
首先，第四题的阅读的标题非常重要，它告诉了我们这篇文章想讲的一个学术概念。
比如，在这篇文章中，标题Reactance就是我们这道题需要了解的一个学术概念。
托福TPO50口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO50口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO50口语Task4阅读文本： State-dependent Memory When learning something new, people are aware (consciously or unconsciously) of the environment in which their learning takes place. This learning environment includes the physical setting, the time of day, and even the people who are present during learning. Studies have shown that when people later need to remember information they have learned, their ability to do so is affected by their current environment. If the environment is the same or similar to the original learning environment recall - the ability to remember - will be easier and more successful. Psychologists refer to this as state-dependent memory. 托福TPO50口语Task4听力文本： When I was a student in the middle school, some of my classmates and I got an assignment to do a group presentation on tropical plants. OK, and as part of this assignment, we needed to memorize the names, you know and certain key characteristics of the plants. Then on the morning, the assignment was given, our teacher gave us time to work on the presentation during class, right there in the classroom. So there we were, during the school day, in our usual classroom, studying and memorizing the information. And our teacher and the other kids in the class were all there too. Ok, so then later, on the night before the presentation, I invited my group members over to my house to do some final studying. And there we were, it was after dark, my parents and my brother were in the next room watching television and no one else was around. It felt pretty different from looking in the classroom with all our schoolmates around, like it was on that morning when we spent time learning the information. Anyway, at my house, when we tried to remember the plant information, we got a little worried. Suddenly, it was more difficult to remember all the names and different facts. But the next morning, when we were back in the classroom, the presentation actually went very smoothly. It was easier for us to remember what we needed to talked about. 托福TPO50口语Task4题目： Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of state-dependent memory. 托福TPO50口语Task4满分范文： In the reading, it talks about state-dependent memory, which means that a person’sability to remember is easier and more successful if the environment is the same or similar to the original learning environment. In the listening, the professor gives out one example to illustrate this title. When the professor was in middle school. He and his friends were asked by their teacher to do an oral presentation on tropical plants. So they spent the whole morning memorizing all the names and information about the plants in their classroom. However, when they got back home and wanted to continue their preparation for their next morning’s presentation they found it quite hard to remember the plant details because the professor’s families were watching television and it was'nt the place they used to memorize things. However, surprisingly, next morning when they went back to the classroom and did the speech, everything turned out being very smooth. And this case demonstrated how the environment will affect our ability to remember things. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO50口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
口语4参考答案
1. 这道题我是先写的Nachteile, 再写V orteile, 供大家参考。
1) Ja, Herr Böhm. Zur Zeit diskutiert man immer über die negative Auswirkung des Internetsauf das Alltagsleben. Einige meinen, dass statt einer Beschränkung des Internets durch den Staat man selber Distanz davon halten soll.2) Ich persönlich halte diese Meinung für vernünftig.3) Unumstritten hat die Entwicklung des Internets viele negative Auswirkungen mit sichgebracht. Viele Menschen sind z.B. abhängig von dem Internet (haben sich dem Internet hingegeben) und vernachlässigen ihre Familie und Freunde. Außerdem gibt es auch viele unerwünschte Informationen auf dem Internet. Viele Jugendliche leiden darunter.4) Aber trotz der Nachteile sollte man die V orteile des Internets nicht unterschätzen. Durch dasInternet kann man sich besser und schneller über die Welt informieren. Man braucht nicht mehr lange in einem Haufen Bücher nach einer bestimmten Information zu suchen, sondern nur auf einen Link zu klicken. Außerdem kann man durch das Internet noch mit Freunden aus aller Welt chatten und ihnen Briefe oder Fotos schicken. Das Internet verbindet die Menschen und man fühlt sich näher miteinander.5) Zusammenfassend kann man sagen: Die Entwicklung des Internets ist eher vorteilhaft.Deshalb bin ich der Meinung: Das Internet sollte nicht beschränkt werden, sondern man sollte es gezielt benutzen.2. 1) Heute diskutiert man immer darüber, ob eine Aufnahmeprüfung nötig ist, um die Zahl derStudenten zu beschränken.2) Meiner Meinung nach ist diese Überlegung empfehlenswert. Denn die V orteile sind klar unddeutlich.3) Durch eine Aufnahmeprüfung werden die intelligenten Studienbewerber ausgewählt. Daskann eine gute Qualität der Uni. garantieren. Die Abschlussquote kann sich auch im Wesentlichen erhöhen. Außerdem wird dadurch die Studentenzahl begrenzt. Wenn alle Bewerber auf die Uni. gingen, würden die Einrichtungen nicht ausreichen und die Studenten würden schlecht betreut. Weiterhin lernen die Studenten das Studium schätzen, nachdem sie sich dafür viel Mühe gegeben haben.4) Allerdings muss man auch die Nachteile beachten. Wenn eine Aufnahmeprüfung eingeführtwürde, würden die Bewerber unter einem psychischen Stress leiden. Bei einem schlechten Ergebnis würden sie sich deprimiert fühlen. Das könnte ihr zukünftiges Leben beeinträchtigen.5) Zusammenfassend kann man sagen: Eine Aufnahmeprüfung einzuführen ist eher vorteilhaft.Deshalb bin ich dafür.3. 1) Man versucht jetzt überall in China, Energie zu sparen. Viele meinen, dass man dieKlimaanlagen in der Uni. nur einschalten soll, wenn die Temperatur um 0 Grad liegt.2) Ich halte diese Entscheidung für vernünftig.3) Man fühlt sich im Winter natürlich viel angenehmer, wenn die Klimaanlagen im Zimmereingeschaltet sind. Und die Studenten werden nicht so leicht erkranken.4) Aber trotzdem ist die Entscheidung, die Klimaanlagen auszuschalten, unterstützenswert.Denn die Vorteile liegen auf der Hand. Wir wissen, beim Betrieb einer Klimaanlage wird sehr viel Strom gebraucht. Deshalb kann man zuerst Energie sparen, indem man dieKlimaanlage ausschaltet. Außerdem ist diese Entscheidung umweltfreundlich. Die Klimaanlagen können eine Menge Treibhausgas, z.B. CO2, produzieren. Das könnte eine globale Erwärmung bewirken.5) Zusammenfassend kann man sagen: Es bringt mehr V orteile, die Klimaanlagenauszuschalten. Deshalb halte ich die Entscheidung für vernünftig.PPT例题参考答案：1. Ja, Frau Klug. Zur Zeit spricht man immer von den englischsprachigen Studiengänge. Viele meinen: Dadurch können mehr ausländische Studenten nach Deutschland anziehen.2. Ich bin der Meinung, dass dieses Programm sehr nötig ist. Denn die V orteile sind deutlich und klar. / …liegen auf der Hand.3. Der V orteil besteht vor allem darin: Die Studienzeit kann sich dadurch reduzieren. Die ausländischen Studenten konnten früher sehr schwer das Studium abschließen. Der Hauptgrund dafür ist, dass es ihnen an deutschen Kenntnissen mangelt. Mit den englischsprachigen Studiengängen wird das Problem leicht gelöst. Außerdem können die ausländischen Studenten leichter in die deutsche Uni. aufgenommen werden. Dadurch brauchen die ausländischen Studenten nicht mehr Test DaF und DSH zu belegen.4. Allerdings muss man noch an die Nachteile denken. Man braucht im Alltag noch deutsche Kenntnisse. Mit deutschen Kenntnissen ist man viel konkurrenzfähiger bei der Jobsuche.5. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen: Das Programm hat mehr Vorteile als Nachteile. Deshalb finde ich es notwendig.。
托福口语第4题总结课文主题与教授举例题
task4课⽂主题与教授举例题 9.15 In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces a theory, false consensus effect, which means when people work with others, they tend to believe others agree with what they believe and act. In this lecture, the professor uses one example to explain this theory. The example is about a recent research. In a crowded but quiet room, some students would discuss loudly, but others would not. Then these students were divided to two opposite groups, the first group who would discuss loudly thought others would talk loudly too, the second group who would keep silent thought most of the students would stand with them. So, people tend to think others would have similar points of view. 10.15 In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces a definition, diffusion of responsibility, which means that people don’t want to help those who need help if there are many people seeing this. In the lecture, the professor uses two examples to explain this definition. The first example is driving on the high way during the heavy traffic, though many people want help the driver who has an accident, only a few will do, because they think other people will do this. The second example is driving on the country road in an early morning when there are a few cars in sight, and you will help people in trouble, because you think you are the only person who can help him under the very circumstance. 10.21 In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces a principle, self- fulfilling prophecy, which means that if we make a prediction, we tend to change our activity and make our prediction true. In the lecture, the professor uses one example to explain this definition. The example is about a research in North America, some students were selected from some primary school across the country, they were as normal as other students, but their educators were instructed that they were the top students in the country and they should be educated as geniuses, so the teachers always praised and encouraged them. Five years later, the researchers found these students had higher IQ than other students. 11.3 marketing In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces a principle, buyer’s remorse, which means that after customers buy an expensive item, they will remorse. In the lecture, the professor uses one example to explain this principle. The example is from the professor’s experience. The professor bought a car last year because he thought it was pretty good, after a week, he thought he made a quick decision. Fortunately, a salesman called him to celebrate his right decision, and the salesman’s daughter bought the same car and loved it, the car had won a lot of prize for her. After that, the salesman sent mail regularly to ask his complaints and feedback, thus the professor felt better. 11.21 In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces two principles to increase a speaker’s credibility, which means that the speaker should be professional and contact with the audience for at least 3 seconds. In the lecture, the professor uses one example to explain the principles. The example is about Mr. Jancson, he was the candidate of the president in the twentieth century. He established himself as an esteemed expert in finance before going into politics, thus, when he talked finance, people thought he was professional. He improved his speech by memorizing what he was going to talk about, thus he could contact with the audiences’ eyes. As a result, he became even more popular and won the election at last. 12.3 In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces a principle word framing, which means that different but logically equal words cause individuals to change their decisions. In the lecture, the professor uses two examples to explain this principle. The first example is about the weather forecast. If the weather is forecasted to be cloudy, and there are 50% possibilities of rain, people will take umbrella with them, if there are 50% possibilities of sunshine, people won’t prepare for rain. The second example is about the advertisement language. People prefer buying the medicine claimed to work for 90 percent of patients to buying other medicine claimed the failure to 10 percent of patients. 12.8[ /toefl ] In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces a definition- outsider artists, which means that they teach themselves, but they have the artistic talents. In the lecture, the professor uses one example to explain this definition. The example is about Edison, he was one of the greatest outsiders in North America, his life was as unusual as his paintings, he only spent quite a while living alone in Chicago, he had no friends and was drunk everyday, he painted in secret conditions. His paintings were unique; he pasted 18 children figures from the magazines on his water color pictures. He liked making abnormally large paintings, his longest porch was as long as 8 feet, his works were famous after his death. 2.3 In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces two reasons of losing temporary memory, which means that temporary can lose as time passes by or interference of other matters. In the lecture, the professor uses two examples to explain these reasons. The first example is a man forgot a phone number, and his roommate told him, but 2 hours later he forgot the number again. Memory can stay as long as you dial the phone. The second example is from the professor’s experience. He ran into a friend when he was in the bookstore, his friend recommended him a book list. Finally, he couldn't remember his book list. Because his friend’s recommended books took the place of his own list he previously made. 1 nonverbal behavior and verbal behavior In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces a principle about nonverbal behavior and verbal behavior, which means we can judge one’s feeling just through our behavior, even he say no words or the opposite feeling, In the lecture, the professor uses a couple of examples to explain this definition. The first example is from his experience, when he saw hisuncle he hadn’t seen him for a long time, although he didn’t say he was happy, but his wife and uncle can see it through his jumping. The second example is playing hammer and snail with his daughter, although his finger was smashed, he said he is OK, his daughter see his pain through his behavior. 3method acting In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces a definition of method acting, which means that when you perform on the stage, you need to relate your experience to the role and you need to use the body language and imagine the scene. In the lecture, the professor uses one example to explain this definition. The example is from the professor’s experience, one day he had to act as Sam and perform a situation of reunite with an old friend, he imagined he saw his father who were away from home to gain the joy. If Sam was cold in North Pole, he imagined he was waiting the bus in the cold for four hours, and thus you could integrate into the role. In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces a definition, which means that . In the lecture, the professor uses two examples to explain this definition.。