动词的时态二
W动词的时态(二)现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时
动词时态1.现在完成时定义：用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而对现在产生了影响: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。
也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间标志：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, …-----模糊的时间状语动词形式（结构标志）：have/has（助动词）+done（动词的过去分词形式）1）现在完成时强调动作的完成Where have you been since I saw you?自我上次见你之后，你到哪里去了？Technical innovation has brought about tremendous changes to the plant.技术革新已给该厂带来巨大变化。
2）现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的状态Give me something to eat ,please. I haven’t eaten anything since yesterday.给我点吃的。
我从昨天开始就没有吃任何东西了。
3）现在完成时与特定词语照应这些词包括：since（自从），so far （迄今为止），as yet（迄今为止），over the past···（在过去的······时间里）等等So far we haven’t drawn any conclusion on this matter.至今我们还没有就这件事情得出任何结论。
Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at the university.多年以来，有大量国外留学生在那所大学就读。
动词的16种时态
动词的16种时态一．一般现在时：1．表示不受时限的客观存在，例如客观真理、格言、事实、科学等。
2．表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作，常与频度副词连用。
3．表示现时状态和现在瞬间动作（体育运动中的实况报道，戏法表演，技术操作表演等的解说词）。
4．一般现在时表将来，常用于时间状语和条件状语从句中。
5．表示过去时间二．现在进行时be(am,is,are) doing1．表示说话时正在进行的动作2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作3．与频度副词连用，表示某种感情色彩，并且多半是表示说话人的不满情绪4．表将来时间，按计划安排近期内即将发生的动作5．表示刚刚过去的动作6．表示婉转语气三．现在完成时have/has done1.“已完成”用法：指动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间（常指最近的过去时间），现在已经完成了，并与现在的情况有联系，通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。
2．“未完成”用法：指动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束，通常都要与表示一段时间的状语连用。
四．现在完成进行时have/has been doing1.指动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束，表示动作的持续性，与表示一段时间的状语连用。
2.强调感情色彩，表示说话人的语气。
五．一般过去时1．表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态。
2．表示过去的习惯性，经常反复发生的动作，如果加上表示频度的副词，可以表示过去一系列动作的发生。
3．在特定句型中表示现在时间，表示婉转口气，例如用于want,wonder,think,hope等少数几个动词。
4．用在特定句型中，例如：It is time…….，I wish….，I would rather…等结构后面的that 分句中。
5．在某些条件句中，表示主观设想。
6．在某些句子中，表示与现在事实相反或者表示对将来事态的主观设想。
六．过去进行时was/were doing1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，通常要把时间状语表示出来，或者通过上下文把时间关系暗示出来。
动词的五种时态
英语最基本的五个时态http://www.gavin2030999@/作者:Gavin英语最基本的五个时态英语最常用的时态有五个：一般现在时；现在进行时；一般过去时；一般将来时和现在完成时。
一、一般现在时：语法结构1.主要是由动词的原型表示, 如果主语是第三人称单数那么动词原形就要变形:○1一般在动词词尾加-s , 在清辅音后读/s /, 在浊辅音和元音后读/z /. 例: Help- helps , enjoy- enjoys , leave- leaves .○2以字母s , x , o , ch , 或sh , 结尾的动词加-es , 如果词尾只有e 则只加-s , 读/ iz/. 例: teach- teaches , guess- guesses , go- goes , close- closes , wash- washes .○3以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词, 变y为i后, 再加-es ,读/z /. 例: fly- flies , study- studies .2.系动词be ( am , is , are ) 和动词have ( have , has ) 按照主语人称数变化, 行为动词第三人称单数就变形.○1I am a student. (肯定句)I work in a company.He works in a company.3.否定句行为动词前除了加not 还需在not 前加do (或does), 行为动词用原型.○2I am not a student. (否定句)I don’t work in a company .He doesn’t work in a company.4.疑问句以句首加助动词do (或does)构成, do (或does)要放在主语前第三人称单数用does . 行为动词用原型.○3Are you student？(疑问句) 回答: Yes, I am . No, I’m not Do you work in a company? (疑…) Yes, I do. No, I don’tDoes he work in a company? (疑…) Yes, He does. No, He doesn’t二、现在进行时：语法结构1.主要是由助动词be ( am, is, are) 的人称形式+ 现在分词构成，及: 主语+ be ( am, is, are) + 现在分词+ 宾语，例: I am teaching English (+ now 可加时间状语)2.现在分词为行为动词+ ing构成○1一般情况直接加ing. ( working, visiting, studying○2以不发音的e 结尾的词去掉e 在+ ing (coming○3以重读闭音节或r音节结尾, 最后一个字母是辅音时, 双写这个字母再+ ing (stopping, beginning, swimming, getting, referring )3.肯定句主语+ be + 现在分词----- (可+ 时间状语) .I am working now.He is working in a shop now.4.否定句在be动词后行为动词前+ not, 动词用现在分词.I am not working now.He isn’t working in a shop now.5.疑问句将助动词be 放在句首, 句尾加? , 动词用现在分词.What(疑问词) are you doing now?Are you (they) working now?Is he working in a shop now?三、一般过去时：语法结构1.主要是由be动词的过去式表示:动词be有was, were两个过去式，was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于其他情况。
动词的时态
动词时态一、一般现在时am/is/are does意义：1、经常做（usually; sometimes ; often;）；2、时间或条件状语从句中（if /unless/when/once/as soon as）,从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时；eg: If it rains , we will not go to the park.；I will return this book to you as soon as I finish it二、一般过去是：was/ were; did ; used to do ;would do意义：1、过去发生的或过去经常做的(in 1980/yesterday/the other day前几天)；过去相继发生的动作；eg Yesterday evening I opened the door, put down my bag and found that my computer was stolen.; Lucy used to exercise every day when she was at college.三、一般将来时：will be /will do /be going to do / be to do/ be about to do 意义：将要发生的动作（in the future/ tomorrow/soon很快）；现在相信、认为会发生什么（believe相信/expect期望/suppose认为）eg: I will finish my homework soon,;We believe China will become one of the most powerful countries in the world.It it said that the building is to be completed in August next year.四过去将来时would do was/were to do意义：过去认为将会发生什么I thought she would marry Tom, but she didn’t.五现在完成时have/ has done意义：1、一个动作刚刚完成或一个动作好久没有发生了（already/ in the past few years/since/till now/for 3 years/up to now）；Nancy has been away from her hometown for 5 years.Is there my letter? I haven’t heard from her for a long time2、过去的动作对现在造成了影响；Who has parked his car outside my door, it is bloking my way.3、第几次做什么，或已经做..几次了；(it is the first/ third time that I have …/ I have done….twice)It is my first time that I have visitied his home.六过去完成时had done意义：1、过去发生的两个动作，有先后之分，较早发生的动作用过去完成时；He didn’t arrive until the game had began2、过去本打算或期望做...而未能实现(hope/want/expect/suppose)Lucy had expected that Tom would come but he didn’t.3、出现by the end of /by the time +过去的一个时间到….时间为止By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed.七将来完成时will have done意义：从现在到将来一段时间才能完成的动作关键词：by the end of /by the time +将来的时间The writer will have completed his novel by the end of 2015八现在进行时（is/ are doing ）意义：1、正在做或目前阶段都在做的事；（now/look!listen）2、表达赞美或厌烦的情绪（always/constantly/）eg: Why are you angry? ----Tom is always laughing at me九过去进行时was /were doing意义：1、过去的某个时间点发生的事情；The telephone was ringing when I opened the door.2、过去一直在做；all the time/ all the afternoon.What did you do yesterday. ----we were discussing the problem all the afternoon yesterday.3、表达赞美或厌烦十将来进行时will be doing意义：将来的某个时间点在做的事情then (那时)Lucy , l et’s go to the movie tomorrow 7pm?Oh , sorry , I will be helping my mother do housework then.十一现在完成进行时（have been doing）意义：从过去到现在一直都在做Why are you so tired?I have been painting all day long today.。
动词时态(二)进行体
动词时态(二)进行体1英语中动词共有十六种时态，最常用的有八种：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，一般过去将来时。
现在过去将来过去将来一般一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时一般过去将来时进行现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时完成现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时完成进行现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时二．进行体（一）现在进行时1. 现在进行时的构成：be (am/ is/ are)＋v.-ing （动词的现在分词）2. 现在分词的构成：1).一般情况下在动词词尾加ing. Eg. go→going, ask →asking, look→looking以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加ing. Eg. have →having, take→taking, make→making, write →writing3).以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加-ing.Eg. get→getting, sit→sitting, put→putting, run→running, swim→swimming, begin→beginning, shop→shopping4).以ie为结尾的重读闭音节的动词，其现在分词要去e再把i变y再加ing：lie—lying, die―dying，tie―tying3. 现在进行时的基本用法1). 表示说话时正在进行的动作，常和now连用，有时用一个动词如look（看）、listen（听）来表示now（现在）这一时间概念。
Look！A train is coming.看！火车来了Listen！He is playing the piano.听！他在弹钢琴。
2). 表示现阶段正在进行着的动作但不一定是说话时正在进行，常和at present（目前）、this week（本周）、these days（这几天）等时间状语连用。
W动词的时态(二)现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时
动词时态1.现在完成时定义：用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而对现在产生了影响: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。
也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间标志：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, …-----模糊的时间状语动词形式（结构标志）：have/has（助动词）+done（动词的过去分词形式）1）现在完成时强调动作的完成Where have you been since I saw you?自我上次见你之后，你到哪里去了？Technical innovation has brought about tremendous changes to the plant.技术革新已给该厂带来巨大变化。
2）现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的状态Give me something to eat ,please. I haven’t eaten anything since yesterday.给我点吃的。
我从昨天开始就没有吃任何东西了。
3）现在完成时与特定词语照应这些词包括：since（自从），so far （迄今为止），as yet（迄今为止），over the past···（在过去的······时间里）等等So far we haven’t drawn any conclusion on this matter.至今我们还没有就这件事情得出任何结论。
Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at the university.多年以来，有大量国外留学生在那所大学就读。
动词的八种时态
Work hard ,and you will be the best !=If you work hard ,you will be the best !动词的八种时态1. 一般现在时：2.一般过去时：3. 现在进行时：4. 过去进行时：5 现在完成时：6. 过去完成时：7. 一般将来时：8.过去将来时:5 现在完成时■概念1.过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
时间状语(already,yet,before,ever,never, just，once,twice,these days)■比较I have read the book .■I read the book yesterday .《此用法用终止性动词》2.从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：（recently, since①时间点②接用一般过去式的句子,for…,in the past few years,so far .）基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑问句：have或has。
He has taught us English for 5 years .He has lived in the city since he came to China.《此用法用延续性动词》终止性动词变延续性动词1.die —be dead2. leave—be away (from)3. open—be open4. finish/end—be over5. close—be closed6. begin/start—be on7. buy—have8. borrow—keep9. come/go/arrive/move/reach—be in/at10. join—be a member of / be in11.become---be■用所给动词的适当形式填空1.I have a book .（否定句）I ----------a book .2.I have already read a book。
常见动词的时态变化
常见动词的时态变化时态是语法中的重要概念，用来表示动作或状态发生的时间。
在英语中，动词的时态变化是根据动作的不同时间点来确定的。
在本文中，我们将讨论一些常见动词的时态变化规则。
一、一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）一般现在时用于表示经常性、习惯性的动作，以及客观真理或科学事实。
一般现在时的肯定句基本结构为主语+动词原形。
例如：1. I eat an apple every day.（我每天吃一个苹果。
）2. She works in a hospital.（她在医院工作。
）3. The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。
）否定句结构为主语+do/does not+动词原形。
例如：1. I do not eat meat.（我不吃肉。
）2. He does not play tennis.（他不打网球。
）一般现在时疑问句结构为Do/Does+主语+动词原形？例如：1. Do you like swimming?（你喜欢游泳吗？）2. Does she speak English?（她会说英语吗？）二、一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）一般过去时用于表示过去发生的动作或状态。
一般过去时的肯定句基本结构为主语+动词过去式。
例如：1. He played football yesterday.（他昨天踢足球。
）2. We went to the beach last summer.（我们去年夏天去了海滩。
）否定句结构为主语+did not+动词原形。
例如：1. I did not finish my homework.（我没完成我的作业。
）2. She did not watch the movie.（她没看这部电影。
）一般过去时疑问句结构为Did+主语+动词原形？例如：1. Did you see him yesterday?（你昨天见到他了吗？）2. Did they go shopping together?（他们一起去购物了吗？）三、一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）一般将来时用于表示将来发生的动作或状态。
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第2讲动词的时态（二）(1)概念:时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时/过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时和现在完成进行时.二.相关知识点精讲4. 现在进行时①现在进行时的结构肯定句：主语+ am / is / are +动词-ing形式+其他.否定句：主语+ am / is / are + not +动词-ing形式+其他.一般疑问句：Am / Is / Are +主语+动词-ing形式+其他?肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ am / is / are.否定回答：No, 主语+ am / is / are + not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+ am / is / are +主语+动词-ing形式+其他?②现在分词的变化规则(1)一般情况下，在动词后加-ing构成例：work→working sleep→sleeping wait→waiting study→studyingread→reading talk→talking(2)不发音的-e结尾的动词去掉e后再加-ing例：smile→smiling move→moving write→writing come---coming leave---leaving take ---taking bite ---biting have –having wake---wakingmake---making dance----dancing ride----riding但是，若是发音的e结尾，则不能去e例：see→seeing agree→agreeing3.以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing例：sit→sitting plan→planning prefer→preferringrun →running swim →swimming shop →shopping begin →beginning stop→ stopping （4）以字母ie结尾的动词，通常将ie改为y，再加ing例：die→dying lie→lying tie---tying【注】①以字母l结尾动词，若末尾一个音节为重读音节，则必须双写l再加ing，如control / controlling，但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节，则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语)，如travel / travel(l)ing。
③现在进行时的基本用法：(1)表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。
例：We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
(2)习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
例：Mr. Green is writing another novel.(3)表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例：The leaves are turning red.It's getting warmer and warmer.(4)与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
例：You are always changing your mind.注意：现在进行时代替将来时的用法(1)表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。
例：Are you staying with us this weekend?We are leaving soon.(2)渐变动词，如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。
例：He is dying.5. 过去进行时(1)概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
(2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
(3)常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。
例：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.6. 将来进行时(1)概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。
例：She'll be coming soon.I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志"，不能说I'll be having a talk with her.(2)常用的时间状语有soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in twodays, tomorrow evening等。
例：By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.即时练习：( )1.Some are _________ in the river and some are _____ on the ground.A. swim, skatingB. swimming, skateC. swimming, skatingD. swim, skate( )2.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.A. cooked, were ringingB. was cooking, rangC. was cooking, were ringingD. cooked, rang( )3. The plane ________at the present speed until it crosses the mountain at about ten tonight.A. would goB. wentC. will be goingD. goes( )4. Mr. Smith will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because ______ then.A. he must have a classB. he will be teaching a classC. he teaches a classD. he will have been teaching a class( )5. Look! The boy students are ___ football while the girls are ________.A. playing, danceB. playing, dancingC. play, dancingD. play, dance( )6. ________ he ______ on well with his friends this term?A. Dose, getsB. Dose, getC. Is, gettingD. Is, geting( )7. The Blacks________ with us for the time being.A. will stayB. would stayC. have been stayingD. will be staying( )8.He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.A. triesB. triedC. was tryingD. will try( )9.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.A. was watching, was hearingB. watched, was hearingC. watched, heardD. was watching, heard答案：CBCBBCDCD课后练习：( )1. Mr. Smith ______ short stories, but he ______ a TV play these days.A. is writing, is writingB. is writing, writesC. writes, is writingD. writes, writes( )2. I _______ to the cinema. I _________ there every Sunday.A. go. goB. am going, goC. go. am goingD. am going, am going( )3. I won’t be able to watch the concert on TV tonight because I_______ homework at that time.A. shall have doneB. shall be doingC. shall doD. have been doing( )4. I _______ my boss at three this afternoon.A. shall be picking upB. shall be pickedC. shall have been picking upD. shall have picked( )5. They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.A. were watchingB. watchC. watchedD. are watching( )6. What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?A. did, read, was seeingB. did, read, sawC. were, reading, sawD. were, reading, was seeing( )7. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.A. are gettingB. getC. were gettingD. got( )8. Look. they _________ a good time, _________ they?A. have, doB. have, don'tC. are having, areD. are having, aren't( )9. You ________about the future (将来) now, ________you?A. don't think, don'tB. aren't thinking, aren'tC. don't think, doD. aren't thinking, are( )10. You can’t miss Frank. He______ a dark green suit and a yellow tie waiting for you.A. is wearingB. will wearC. wearsD. will be wearing( )11. ----Could you give these books to Mr. Black?----Absolutely, _______him at five o’clock this afternoon.A.I will have a talkB. I have a talk withC.I can have a talk withD.I will be having a talk with( )12.We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.A. were waiting, waitingB. were waiting, waitC. waited, waitingD. waited, wait( )13. He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.A. helpsB. would helpC. was helpingD. is helping( )14.. I’m afraid I won’t be available then. I _____ a friend off at three this afterno on.A. seeB. am seeingC. will seeD. will be seeing( )15. Next Friday I will go to another concert .They ____some thing by Mozart at that time.A. playB. will be playingC. are going to playD. are to play.( )16. ---What are you doing, Jack?---Make a model plane. I ____ it in the science class at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning.A. will be showingB. am going to showC. showD. have showed( )17. Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.A. is, thinking, wasB. was, thinking, isC. did, think, isD. was, thinking, was( )18. A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.A. saw, passedB. was seeing, passedC. was seeing, passedD. was seeing, was passing答案：CBBAA CCDCD DACDB ADA。