LSAT考试分析推理题：重点问题

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LSAT逻辑题考查内容及题型(一)

LSAT逻辑题考查内容及题型(一)LSAT逻辑题考查内容及题型(一)LSAT逻辑题考查内容及题型(一)逻辑推理题主要考查以下推理能力：1）进行论证的能力2）评价论述的能力3）形成或评价行动方案的能力按照美国ets命题人员的说法，逻辑推理题主要考查考生在以下三个方面能否进行有效推理的能力。

一、论点构建（argumentconstruction）这一方面产问题主要让你去识别或找到：（一）论述的基本结构（thebasicstructureofanargument）（二）正确得到的结论（properlydrawnconclusion）（三）基于的假设（underlyingassumption）（四）被强有力支持的解释性假说（well-supportedexplanatoryhypotheses）（五）结构上相似的论点的平行结构（parallelsbetweenstructurallysimilararguments）二、论点评价（argumentevaluation）这一方面的问题主要让你在分析既定的论点基础之上去识别：（一）加强或削弱既定论点的因素（factorsthatwouldstrengthen,orweaken,thegivenargume nt）（二）在进行论述时所犯的推理错误（reasoningerrorscommittedinmakingthatargument）（三）进行论述所使用的方法（themethodbywhichtheargumentproceeds）三、形成并且评价行动方案（formulatingandevaluatingaplanofaction）这方面的问题主要让你去识别：（一）不同行动方案的相对合适性、有效性或效率（therelativeappropriateness,effectiveness,orefficiencyofdifferentplansofaction）（二）加强或削弱拟议行动方案成功可能的因素（factorsthatwouldstrengthen,orweaken,theprospectsofsuccessforaproposedplanofaction）（三）拟议行动计划所基于的假设（assumptionsunderlyingaproposedplanofaction）根据逻辑推理题的考查内容，我们认为熟悉逻辑推理的主要题型对你大有裨益，下面是我们在考试中将遇到的十一类逻辑推理题。

LSAT分析推理篇

LSAT分析推理篇分析推理部分一般分四组，共有24个问题。

每组里面的每一个问题都基于一系列的条件，这些条件共同描述一种情况。

例如，把人分成几组，把物品按顺序排列等等。

这部分试题主要测试考生理解有关关系结构并推出结论的能力，于GRE考试逻辑部分极为相象。

【题型概况】1.有关分布的题型Six campers:Alice,Betty,Carmen,Dora,Gina,and Harriet are arranging a dishwashing schedule for the six days of their camping trip so that each of them will wash dishes on only one day.Betty washes either on day 2 or day 6.If Alice washes on day I,Carmen washes on day 4;Carmen does not wash on day 4 unless Alice washes on day I.If Alice washes on day I, Harriet washes on day 5; Harriet does not wash on day 5 unless Alice washes on day 1.If Gina does not wash on day 3, Alice washes on day 3.If Alice washes on day 4, Dora washes on day 5.If Betty washes on day 2, Gina washes on day 5.If Harriet washes on day 6, Dora washes on day 4.Question:*Which one of the following is an acceptable order in which the campers can wash dishes from the first to the last day?(A) Dora, Betty, Alice, Gina, Carmen, Harriet(B) Betty, Alice, Harriet, Carmen, Gina, Dora(C) Harriet, Gina, Betty, Carmen, Dora, Alice(D) Carmen, Betty, Alice, Dora, Gina, Harriet(E) Alice, Betty, Dora, Carmen, Gina, Harriet*If Dora washes on day 6, on which day does Carmen wash?(A) I (B) 2 (C)3 (D) 4 (E) 52.有关排列次序的问题Each of seven travelers—Norris,Oribe,Paulsen,Rosen,Semonelli, Tan, and Underwood—will be assigned to exactly one of nine airplane seats. The seats are numbered from 1 through 9 and arranged in rows as follows:Front row: 1 2 3Middle row: 4 5 6Last row: 7 8 9Only seats in the same row as each other are immediately beside each other. Seat assignments must meet the following conditions: Oribe’s seat is in the last row.Paulsen’s seat is immediately beside Rosen’s seat and also immediately beside an unassigned seat.Rosen’s seat is in the row immediately behind the row in which Norris’seat is located.Neither Semonelli nor Underwood is seated immediately beside Norris.Question:*Which one of the following is a pair of travelers who could be assigned to seats 2 and 8, respectively?(A) Norris, Semonelli(B) Oribe, Underwood(C) Paulsen, Oribe(D) Rosen, Semonelli(E) Underwood, Tan*If Semonelli and Underwood are not assigned to seats in the same row as each other, which one of the following must be false?(A) Norris is assigned to seat 2.(B) Paulsen is assigned to seat 5.(C) Rosen is assigned to seat 4.(D) Tan is assigned to seat 2.(E) Underwood is assigned to seat 1.3.有关编组的问题A jeweler makes a single strand of beads by threading onto a string in a single direction from a clasp a series of solid-colored beads. Each bead is either green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. The resulting strand satisfies the following specifications: If a purple bead is adjacent to a yellow bead, any bead that immediately follows and any bead that immediately precedes that pair must be red.Any pair of beads adjacent to each other that are the same color as each other must be green.No orange bead can be adjacent to any red bead.Any portion of the strand containing eight consecutive beads must include at least one bead of each color.Question:*If the strand has exactly eight beads, which one of the following is an acceptable order,starting from the clasp,for the eight beads?(A) green, red, purple, yellow, red, orange, green,purple(B) orange, yellow, red, red, yellow, purple, red,green(C) purple, yellow, red, green, green, orange,yellow, orange(D) red, orange, red, yellow, purple, green, yellow,green(E) red, yellow, purple, red, green, red, green, green*If an orange bead is the fourth bead from the clasp, which one of the following is a pair that could be the second and third beads, respectively?(A) green, orange(B) green, red(C) purple, purple(D) yellow, green(E) yellow, purple4.有关空间分布的问题At an evening concert, a total of six songs—O, P,T, X, Y, and Z—will be performed by three vocalists—George, Helen, and Leslie. The songs will be sung consecutively as solos, and each will be performed exactly once.The following constraints govern the composition of the concert program:Y must be performed earlier than T and earlier than O.P must be performed earlier than Z and later than O.George can perform only X, Y, and Z.Helen can perform only T, P, and X.Leslie can perform only O, P, and X.The vocalist who performs first must be different from the vocalist who performs last.Question:*Which one of the following is an acceptable schedule for the performance of the songs,in order from the first to last song performed?(A) X, T, Y, O, P, Z(B) X, Z, Y, T, O, P(C) Y, O, P, X, T, Z(D) Y, P, O, Z, T, X(E) Y, X, O, P, Z, T*Which one of the following must be true about the program?(A) George performs X.(B) Helen performs O.(C) Helen performs T.(D) Leslie performs P.(E) Leslie performs X.【解题技巧】1.在解答每一组问题时，将其作为一个单元。

最全LSAT考试详解（2）

最全LSAT考试详解（2）最全LSAT考试详解逻辑推理LSAT的逻辑推理试题共有两个部分，常被称为“辩论题”，考察应试人分析辩题的能力。

每部分有24-26道试题。

一般每道题都有一篇小的短文或对话，然后针对此短文或对话提出问题、选择针对辩论的另一种结论、发现辩题中的谬误、找到相同逻辑的另一种辩题、或找到一个可以强化/弱化辩题的证例。

绝大多数短文都有一道问题，有的则由两道。

短文或对话涉及的范围很广，包括哲学、文学、政治、科技、艺术、历史、体育等等。

逻辑推理试题主要测试考生的以下能力：1.确定中心思想2.找出推理中的假设3.从已知事实或前提得出合理结论4.确定推理的准则并将之应用于新的论证5.确定推理的方法或结构6.找出推理的错误及误解7.确定新的事实或论证对现有论证或结论的加强或削弱8.对论证进行分析分析推理目前的LSAT有一个分析推理部分，一般分四组，共有22–24个问题。

每组里面的每一个问题都基于一系列的条件，这些条件共同描述一种情况，例如，把人分成几组，把物品按顺序排列等等，类型包括分组、对比、顺序。

这部分试题主要测试考生理解有关关系结构并推出结论的能力。

考题以划定前提开始(“可能有5人出席下午的会议”)，然后建立彼此之间的关系(“如果Amy出席，那么Bob不出席;如果Cathy出席，那么Dan也出席...”)考生要求从中得到结论(“出席的最大人数是多少?”)。

挑战性在于规则不会只有“独一”的“正确”答案;相反，考生被要求从规则中找到一系列的可能性。

有时，一些问题可能会改变、增加规则，要求考生迅速整理已知信息。

不计分部分目前的考试包含一个实验部分，即法律服务所说的“可变部分”。

它为以后的考试测试新题型。

考生在这部分上的表现不会计入总成绩。

考生不会被告知哪部分是实验题，否则会影响数据收集。

在此之前，这部分考试总是列在前三部分之中，但是在2011年10月以来，LSAT 的实验部分可能会出现在前三部分之外。

LSAT考试科目：LSAT分析推理是什么

LSAT考试科目：LSAT分析推理是什么LSAT分析推理是什么呢？分析推理是LSAT考试的一门课程，一般分四组，共有24个问题。

每组里面的每一个问题都基于一系列的条件，这些条件共同描述一种情况，例如，把人分成几组，把物品按顺序排列等。

LSAT分析推理是什么，更多知识等你来看！LSAT考试由五个35分钟的section组成，这些section包括1个阅读理解、1个分析推理和2个逻辑推理，以及一个不计入成绩的加试section。

加试有可能是上述任一种题型。

LSAT分析推理每个section围绕一个单独的段落。

以下是LSAC官方关于分析推理的介绍：Analytical Reasoning questions are designed to assess the ability to consider a group of facts and rules, and, given those facts and rules, determine what could or must be true. The specific scenarios associated with these questions are usually unrelated to law, since they are intended to be accessible to a wide range of test takers. However, the skills tested parallel those involved in determining what could or must be the case given a set of regulations, the terms of a contract, or the facts of a legal case in relation to the law. In Analytical Reasoning questions, you are asked to reason deductively from a set of statements and rules or principles that describe relationships among persons, things, or events.Analytical Reasoning questions appear in sets, with each set based on a single passage. The passage used for each set of questions describes common ordering relationships or grouping relationships, or a combination of both types of relationships. Examples include scheduling employees for work shifts, assigning instructors to class sections, ordering tasks according to priority, and distributing grants for projects.Analytical Reasoning questions test a range of deductive reasoning skills. These include:Comprehending the basic structure of a set of relationships by determining a complete solution to the problem posed (for example, an acceptable seating arrangement of all six diplomats around a table)Reasoning with conditional (“if-then”) statements and recognizing logically equiva lent formulations of such statementsInferring what could be true or must be true from given facts and rulesInferring what could be true or must be true from given facts and rules together with new information in the form of an additional or substitute fact or ruleRecognizing when two statements are logically equivalent in context by identifying a condition or rule that could replace one of the original conditions while still resulting in the same possible outcomesAnalytical Reasoning questions reflect the kinds of detailed analyses of relationships and sets of constraints that a law student must perform in legal problem solving. For example, an Analytical Reasoning passage might describe six diplomats being seated around a table, following certain rules of protocol as to who can sit where. You, the test taker, must answer questions about the logical implications of given and new information. For example, you may be asked who can sit between diplomats X and Y, or who cannot sit next to X if W sits next to Y. Similarly, if you were a student in law school, you might be asked to analyze a scenario involving a set of particular circumstances and a set of governing rules in the form of constitutional provisions, statutes, administrative codes, or prior rulings that have been upheld. You might then be asked to determine the legal options in the scenario: what is required given the scenario, what is permissible given the scenario, and what is prohibited given the scenario. Or you might be asked to develop a “theory” for the case: when faced with an incomplete set of facts about the case, you must fill in the picture based on what is implied by the facts that are known. The problem could be elaborated by the addition of new information or hypotheticals.No formal training in logic is required to answer these questions correctly. Analytical Reasoning questions are intended to be answered using knowledge, skills, and reasoning ability generally expected of college students and graduates.。

最新LSAT考试逻辑推理模拟试题

最新LSAT考试逻辑推理模拟试题(一)TEST 1SECTION ITime 35 minutes 25 QuestionsDirections: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Mr. West: Well, Ms. Smith, by how much do you plan to increase your donation to the cultural society this year? You know how many worthwhile projects we do.Ms. Smith: I’m not so sure of that. I was very upset about the statue you purchased last month. I think I’ll give no more money to your cause.Mr. West: That’s all right: we’ll just put you down for the same amount that you gave last year. Which one of the following words or phrases has been misinterpreted in the conversation?(A) “increase”(B) “you know”(C) “worthwhile”(D) “no more”（D）(E) “same amount”2. Handwriting analysis—also known as graphology—is a poor way to predict personality types, even though it is used by 3,000 United States firms and by a majority of European companies. In a recent study, five graphologists scored no better than chance in predicting the occupations of forty professionals.Which one of the following is an assumption necessary to the argument?(A) People in the same occupation usually do not have the same personality type.(B) Graphology is an effective means of predicting personality types in non-business contexts.(C) There are more United States firms that do not use graphology than all the United States and European firms that do use it.(D) There are several other techniques for predicting personality types that are more accurate than graphology.（E）(E) There is a correspondence between type of personality and choice of occupation.Questions 3-4The simple facts are these: the number of people killed each year by grizzly bears is about the same as the number of people killed by lightning on golf courses. And the number of people killed by lightning on golf courses each year is about the same as the number of people electrocuted by electric blenders. All the horrible myths and gruesome stories aside, therefore, a grizzly bear is in fact about as dangerous as an electric blender or a game of golf.3. Which one of the following is an assumption that the author relies upon in the passage?(A) Most incidents involving grizzly bears are fatal.(B) Grizzly bears are no longer the danger they once were.(C) The number of fatalities per year is an adequate indication of something’s dangerousness.(D) A golf course is a particularly dangerous place to be in a thunderstorm.（C）(E) Something is dangerous only if it results in death in the majority of cases.4. Which one of the following, if true, would most effectively undermine the author’s argument?(A) Although the number of people killed by lightning on golf courses each year is very small, the total number of lightning fatalities is many times greater.(B) Electric blenders are among the safest household appliances; were the author to compare fatalities from electrical appliances in general, she would get a much higher figure.(C) Most people would rather take their chances with blenders and golf games than with grizzly bears.(D) Bears in general—including black, brown, and cinnamon bears, as well as grizzly bears—kill many more people than do electric blenders.（E）(E) Statistics show that the number of times people use electric blenders each year exceeds the number of times people play golf each year, which in turn far exceeds the number of contacts people have with grizzly bears each year.5. Emperor: The enemy empire across the sea has harassed us for centuries. I want to conquer it and stop it once and for all. What advice can you give me?Admiral: If you cross the sea, a mighty empire will fall.Emperor: In that case, prepare the troops. We set sail tonight.Of the following, the strongest criticism of the Emperor’s decision to invade would be that it(A) is certain to lead to the emperor’s defeat(B) is based on opinion rather than objective facts about troop strength(C) contradicts the Admiral’s statement(D) fails to cons ider fully the possible meanings of the Admiral’s advice（D）(E) is a futile strategy for solving the problem at hand6. No senator spoke at the convention unless he or she was a Democrat. No Democrat both spoke at the convention and was a senator.Which one of the following conclusions can be correctly drawn from the statements above?(A) No one but senators spoke at the convention.(B) No Democrat spoke at the convention.(C) Only Democrats spoke at the convention.(D) No senator spoke at the convention.（D）(E) Some Democrat senators spoke at the convention.7. If Sarah were a concert pianist for a major orchestra, she would be famous. She is not a concert pianist since she is not famous.The conclusion above is unsound because the author does not consider that(A) Sarah could be a famous actress.(B) Sarah could be a harpist for a major orchestra.(C) Sarah could be a pianist with a rock group.(D) Sarah could be a concert pianist with a minor orchestra.（D）(E) Sarah could be famous for another reason.8. Neuroscientists are making progress in discovering more about the cause of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease patients suffer from dementia and sever memory loss. Autopsies performed on such patients have revealed the presence of brain lesions caused by abnormal protein deposits. Similar deposits are also found in the brains of elderly patients who do not suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. It follows that everyone who lives long enough will eventually develop Alzheimer’s disease.Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion that everyone who lives long enough will eventually develop Alzheimer’s disease?(A) The lesions found in the brains of non-Alzheimer’s disease patients are far less extensiv e than those found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients.(B) The developing brain produces a greater number of cells than it will ever use. The extra cells are later destroyed by what biologists call “programmed cell death.”(C) The procedure that allows scientists to discover the presence of protein deposits during an autopsy is not yet refined enough to ensure detection of the lesions in all patients.(D) Autopsies have shown that some people lack the chemical necessary for protein deposits to cause brain lesions.（D）(E) Though most Alzheimer’s disease patients develop the disease when they are in their late fifties to early seventies, the frequency of patients who develop the disease in their forties is on the rise.9. Free public education is the best form of education there is. Therefore, we must fight to ensure its continued existence; that is, we must be ready to defend the principle of equality of educational opportunity. Because this principle is we worth defending, it is clear that free public education is better than any other form of education.Which one of the following illustrates the same weak reasoning as found in the passage?(A) I love music, and that’s why I listen to it constantly. I have my stereo or radio on every waking minute. Since I play music all the time, I must really love it.(B) Books are my most valuable possessions. My books are like my friends—each pleases me in different ways. Just as I would give up everything to save my friends, so too with my books. (C) I would much rather be poor and respected than be rich and despised. To have the respect of others is far more valuable than to have millions of dollars.(D) I have never been betrayed by any of my friends. They have been true to me through good times and bad. Therefore I will never betray any of my friends.（A）(E) Because every plant I have ever seen has green leaves, I have concluded that all plants must have green leaves. This looks like a plant but it does not have green leaves, so it cannot be a plant.10. Some people say that the scarcity of food is a function of the finite limits of the earth’s resources, coupled with a relentless rate of population growth. This analysis fails to recognize,however, that much of the world’s agricultural resources are use d to feed livestock instead of people. In the United States, for example, almost one-half of the agricultural acreage is devoted to crops fed to livestock. A steer reduces twenty-one pounds of inexpensive grain to one pound of expensive meat. Thus, the scarcity of food is not merely a function of limited resources and population growth.Which one of the following is an assumption that would allow the conclusion in the argument to be properly drawn?(A) People prefer eating meat to eating grain.(B) Meat is twenty-one times more expensive than grain.(C) The limits of the earth’s agricultural resources are not finite.(D) More than one-half of the agricultural acreage in the United States is devoted to crops fed to humans.（E）(E) Growing crops for human consumption on the acreage currently devoted to crops for livestock will yield more food for more people.SECTION IVTime 35 minutes 26 QuestionsDirections: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...1. The government should enact a bill that would prohibit the sale and consumption of alcohol on commuter trains. Recently, the state, exercising its legitimate authority, passed a law to protect the health of commuters by prohibiting smoking on the commuter line. When intoxicated riders get off the train, get in their cars, and drive, the public is exposed to at least as much danger as are nonsmoking rail passengers who are forced to inhale cigarette smoke.In arguing that alcohol consumption on commuter trains should be banned, the author relies on(A) the fact that drinking alcohol is dangerous to one’s health(B) the principle that people need to be protected from their own actions(C) the use of emotionally charged descriptions of smoking and drinking alcohol(D) the reader’s sympathy for the problems of commuters（E）(E) a comparison between the effects of smoking and the effects of drinking alcohol2. Creating false marble is an art at which only those with a light hand can excel. Picasso, however, was a great artist, so while he did not have a light hand he could have excelled at creating false marble.Which one of the following contains a logical error that most closely resembles the logical error contained in the passage?(A) The police have determined that the murderer left his fingerprints on the knife. Ira’s fingerprints do not match those on the knife, so we can eliminate him as a suspect.(B) It is true that it is necessary to work hard in order to succeed. However, smith was governor of the state, so it was possible for him to succeed without working hard.(C) Whenever I eat nuts of any kind I break out in hives. After eating the pie I did not break out, so I know it could not have been real pecan pie.(D) If the inventory can be sold within the next few months the business can be saved. However,since a sale cannot be concluded quickly, the business will go under.（B）(E) Only the brave deserve the spoils. Major Wilson has distinguished himself several times for bravery, so surely he deserves the spoils.3. Cass: War and peace are mutually exclusive. Therefore, a nation cannot be preparing for both war and peace simultaneously.Stanislaus: But aren’t the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. doing precisely that? They are spending vast amounts of money on war research and armaments while at the same time they are negotiating trade agreements and nuclear arms treaties that are designed to secure peace. Although they are maintaining a shaky peaceful coexistence, they are preparing for both war and peace simultaneously.In order to refute Cass’s conclusion, Stanislaus(A) demonstrates that a nation can be at war and at peace at the same time(B) points out that there are several different meanings to the words “war” and “peace”(C) uses a different meaning for the te rm “simultaneously” than Cass does(D) shows that preparing for war and preparing for peace are not mutually exclusive（D）(E) changes an argument based on a definition into one based on an ethical consideration4. According to advertisements, the higher a suntan lotion’s sun protection factor, or SPF, the more protection from sunburn. In order for a suntan lotion to work, however, one has to remember to put it on before going in the sun, put on an adequate amount to cover the skin, and reapply it as needed. Therefore, it really does not matter what SPF a suntan lotion has.Which one of the following best identifies the error in reasoning made in the passage?(A) It is unreasonable to assume that the only purpose of a suntan lotion is to provide protection from sunburn.(B) Because some people get sunburned more easily than others, the fact that there are different SPFs cannot be ignored.(C) It cannot be concluded that the SPF is not important just because there are requirements for the application of the suntan lotion.(D) It is unreasonable to assume that all suntan lotions require the same application.（C）(E) There is no reason to assume that manufacturers are unaware that people sometimes forget to apply suntan lotion before going in the sun.Questions 5-6Patient: Doctor, I read an article that claimed that the first few hours after birth are very important to establishing a mother-infant bond, which is the first step in building a healthy relationship. Can you assure me that my relationship with my baby has not been permanently harmed by our separation for several days after his birth?Physician: Your relationship with your child has not been harmed by the separation. Mother-infant bonding is not like an “instant glue” that cements your relationship forever. Having your infant with you during the period immediately after birth does give your relationship a head start, but many factors are involved in building a strong and lasting relationship between a mother and her child.5. If everything the doctor says is correct, which one of the following must be true?(A) The best relationships between mothers and their children are caused by immediate mother-infant bonding.(B) There is a high degree of correlation between the best relationships between mothers and their children and those that began with immediate mother-infant bonding.(C) A strong and lasting relationship is necessary for mother-infant bonding.(D) Where immediate mother-infant bonding takes place, a strong and lasting relationship between a mother and her child will be assured.（E）(E) Immediate mother-infant bonding is not necessary for a strong and lasting relationship between a mother and her child.6. The doctor does which one of the following in her reply to her patient?(A) She rejects an analogy in an attempt to reduce the patient’s concern.(B) She cites evidence to show that the patient’s worry is unfounded.(C) She misinterprets the patient’s explanation of her concern.(D) She establishes that the article that the patient read was in error.（A）(E) She names other factors that are more important in creating a mother-infant bond.7. A recent survey showed that many workers in a certain company are dissatisfied with their jobs. The survey also showed that most of the dissatisfied workers believe that they have little control over their job assignments. Therefore, to increase workers job satisfaction the company’s management need only concentrate on changing workers’ beliefs regarding the degree of control they have over their job assignments.Which one of the following, if also shown by the survey, would most seriously call into question the conclusion made by the author of the passage?(A) The dissatisfied workers feel that their wages are too low and working conditions are unsatisfactory.(B) The number of workers in the company who are satisfied with their jobs is greater than the number who are dissatisfied.(C) The workers in the company are more dissatisfied than workers in other companies.(D) Most people in company management believe that the workers already have too much control over their work.（A）(E) The workers in the company who are satisfied with their jobs believe that they have a lot of control over their job assignments.8. Dr. Sheila Porter plans to run an experiment using nursing students. Each student will be shown either a pleasant nature film or a disturbing horror film. Each student will be observed by someone who—looking only at the student’s facial expressions—must ascertain which film is being shown. Students shown the horror movie are told to hide their feelings in order to convince the observer that they are watching a pleasant film. Dr. Porter hypothesizes that all the students in the experiment who are convincing will be among the best at working with patients. The hypothesis will be tested by comparing the convincing students and unconvincing students in terms of their performance with patents.Which one of the following incidents best illustrates Dr. Porter’s hypothesis?(A) Niles, the most convincing student in the experiment, later went on to become a physician.(B) After graduating, Yoshiro, a nursing student who was convincing in the experiment, helped care for Bram, a patient at a hospital. Bram recovered from his operation.(C) After graduating, Kim, a nursing student in the experiment who watched the nature film, was removed from the staff of a hospital for unacceptable performance in patient care.(D) Daria, a nursing student who was convincing in the experiment, later received “A’s” in those classes in which working with patients in a teaching hospital was the sole basis of her grades.（D）(E) Marite, a nursing student who was not convincing in the experiment, later quit nursing school.9. Those who think with a hierarchical mentality strive for situations in which their side is dominant and the other side is submissive. In contrast, communal thinkers strive for parity among all sides. Therefore, achieving parity of nuclear weaponry between the East and the West is not enough for Western military generals.Which one of the following assumptions would provide the most support for the conclusion above?(A) Western military generals do not have the same mentality as do Eastern military generals.(B) Parity in nuclear weaponry requires that military generals from both the East and the West think in communal terms.(C) Western military generals want parity with respect to strength in nuclear weaponry between the East and the West.(D) Western military generals’ thinking about relative strength in nuclear weaponry is hierarchical.（D）(E) The thinking of military generals with respect to relative strength in nuclear weaponry is either hierarchical or communal.10. It has always been difficult to understand the basis of politics in the People’s Republic of China. Because the system is effectively closed, it is impossible to know with any degree of confidence who is allied with whom and for what reasons. Yet Chinese politics does exhibit many of the external character istics of factional political systems, as found in more open societies. It is legitimate to conclude, therefore, that China has a factional political system.Which one of the following, if true, would confirm the author’s conclusion that China has a factional political system?(A) All open political systems are factional political systems.(B) All factional political systems are closed political systems.(C) All closed political systems are factional political systems.(D) China’s political system is more open than many existing factional political systems.（C）(E) China’s political system is more closed than all existing factional political systems.TEST 2SECTION IITime 35 minutes 24 QuestionsDirections: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages.1. Some people believe that witnessing violence in movies will discharge aggressive energy. Does watching someone else eat fill one’s own stomach?In which one of the following does the reasoning most closely parallel that employed in the passage?(A) Some people think appropriating supplies at work for their own personal use is morally wrong. Isn’t shoplifting morally wrong?(B) Some people think nationalism is defensible. Hasn’t nationalism been the excuse for committing abominable crimes?(C) Some people think that boxing is fixed just because wrestling usually is. Are the two sports managed by the same sort of people?(D) Some people think that economists can control inflation. Can meteorologists make the sun shine?（D）(E) Some people think workaholics are compensating for a lack of interpersonal skills. However, aren’t most doctors workaholics?2. Ann: All the campers at Camp Winnehatchee go to Tri-Cities High SchoolBill: That’s not true. Some Tri-Cities students are campers at Camp Lakemont.Bill’s answer can be best explained on the assumption that he has interpreted Ann’s remark to mean that(A) most of the campers at Camp Lakemont come from high schools other than Tri-Cities(B) most Tri-Cities High School students are campers at Camp Winnehatchee(C) some Tri-Cities High School students have withdrawn from Camp Lakemont(D) all Tri-Cities High School students have withdrawn from Camp Lakemont（E）(E) only campers at Camp Winnehatchee are students at Tri-Cities High School3. More than a year ago, the city announced that police would crack down on illegally parked cars and that resources would be diverted from writing speeding tickets to ticketing illegally parked cars. But no crackdown has taken place. The police chief claims that resources have had to be diverted from writing speeding tickets to combating the city’s staggering drug problem. Yet the police are still writing as many speeding tickets as ever. Therefore, the excuse about resources being tied up in fighting drug-related crime simply is not true.The conclusion in the passage depends on the assumption that(A) every member of the police force is qualified to work on combating the city’s drug problem(B) drug-related crime is not as serious a problem for the city as the police chief claims it is(C) writing speeding tickets should be as important a priority for the city as combating drug-related crime(D) the police could be cracking down on illegally parked cars and combating the drug problem without having to reduce writing speeding tickets（E）(E) the police cannot continue writing as many speeding tickets as ever while diverting resources to combating drug-related crime4. Dried grass clippings mixed into garden soil gradually decompose, providing nutrients for beneficial soil bacteria. This results in better-than-average plant growth. Yet mixing fresh grass clippings into garden soil usually causes poorer-than-average plant growth.Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the difference in plant growth described above?(A) The number of beneficial soil bacteria increases whenever any kind of plant material is mixed into garden soil.(B) Nutrients released by dried grass clippings are immediately available to beneficial soil bacteria.(C) Some dried grass clippings retain nutrients originally derived from commercial lawn fertilizers, and thus provide additional enrichment to the soil.(D) Fresh grass clippings mixed into soil decompose rapidly, generating high levels of heat that kill beneficial soil bacteria.（D）(E) When a mix of fresh and dried grass clippings is mixed into garden soil, plant growth often decreases.5. A gas tax of one cent per gallon would raise one billion dollars per year at current consumption rates. Since a tax of fifty cents per gallon would therefore raise fifty billion dollars per year, it seems a perfect way to deal with the federal budget deficit. This tax would have the additional advantage that the resulting drop in the demand for gasoline would be ecologically sound and would keep our country from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.Which one of the following most clearly identifies an error in the author’s reasoning?(A) The author cites irrelevant data.(B) The author relies on incorrect current consumption figures.(C) The author makes incompatible assumptions.(D) The author mistakes an effect for a cause.（C）(E) The author appeals to conscience rather than reason.6. As symbols of the freedom of the wilderness, bald eagles have the unique capacity to inspire people and foster in them a sympathetic attitude toward the needs of other threatened species. Clearly, without that sympathy and the political will it engenders, the needs of more obscure species will go unmet. The conservation needs of many obscure species can only be met by beginning with the conservation of this symbolic species, the bald eagle.Which one of the following is the main point of the passage as a whole?(A) Because bald eagles symbolize freedom, conservation efforts should be concentrated on them rather than on other, more obscure species.(B) The conservation of bald eagles is the first necessary step in conserving other endangered species.(C) Without increased public sympathy for conservation, the needs of many symbolic species will go unmet.(D) People’s love of the wilderness can be used to engender political support for conservation efforts.（B）(E) Other threatened species do not inspire people or foster sympathy as much as do bald eagles.7. There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published. There is a system in place for the confirmation or disconfirmation of scientific finding, namely, the replication of results by other scientists. Poor scientific work on the part of any one scientist, which can include anything from careless reporting practices to fraud, is not harmful. It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct the experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.（A）(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.8. Alice: Quotas on automobile imports to the United States should be eliminated. Then domestic producers would have to compete directly with Japanese manufacturers and would be forced to produce higher-quality cars. Such competition would be good for consumers.David: You fail to realize, Alice, that quotas on automobile imports are pervasive worldwide. Since German, Britain, and France have quotas, so should the United States.Which one of the following most accurately character izes David’s response to Alice’s statement?(A) David falsely accuses Alice of contradicting herself.(B) David unfairly directs his argument against Alice personally.(C) David uncovers a hidden assumption underlying Alice’s position.(D) David takes a position that is similar to the one Alice has taken.（E）(E) David fails to address the reasons Alice cites in favor of her conclusion.9. Governments have only one response to public criticism of socially necessary services: regulation of the activity of providing those services. But governments inevitably make the activity more expensive by regulating it, and that is particularly troublesome in these times of strained financial resources. However, since public criticism of child-care services has undermined all confidence in such services, and since such services are socially necessary, the government is certain to respond.Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?(A) The quality of child care will improve.(B) The cost of providing child-care services will increase.(C) The government will use funding to foster advances in child care.(D) If public criticism of policy is strongly voiced, the government is certain to respond.（B）(E) If child-care services are not regulated, the cost of providing child care will not increase.10. Advertisers are often criticized for their unscrupulous manipulation of people’s tastes and wants. There is evidence, however, that some advertisers are motivated by moral as well as financial considerations. A particular publication decided to change its image from being a family newspaper to concentrating on sex and violence, thus appealing to a different readership. Some advertisers withdrew their advertisements from the publication, and this must have been because they morally disapproved of publishing salacious material.Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument?(A) The advertisers switched their advertisements to other family newspapers.(B) Some advertisers switched from family newspapers to advertise in the changed publication.(C) The advertisers expected their product sales to increase if they stayed with the changed publication, but to decrease if they withdrew.(D) People who generally read family newspapers are not likely to buy newspapers that。

lsattr 题目

lsattr 题目【原创实用版】目录1.LSAT 简介2.LSAT 的结构和内容3.LSAT 的备考策略4.LSAT 对法学院申请的重要性正文1.LSAT 简介LSAT（Law School Admission Test）即法学院入学考试，是美国和加拿大法学院的入学考试，用于评估潜在法学院学生的逻辑和分析能力。

该考试由美国法学院考试委员会（Law School Admission Council，简称LSAC）主办，是申请进入这两个国家法学院的重要标准之一。

2.LSAT 的结构和内容LSAT 分为三个部分：阅读理解、逻辑推理和分析性写作。

此外，考试还包含一个不计入成绩的实验部分。

（1）阅读理解：这部分包括三篇文章，每篇文章后附有五道问题。

主要测试考生的阅读理解、分析和推理能力。

（2）逻辑推理：这部分包括约 20 道题目，要求考生根据给定的信息进行推理和判断，测试考生的逻辑分析能力。

（3）分析性写作：这部分要求考生在 30 分钟内完成一篇短文，对给定的论点进行分析和评价，测试考生的写作和批判性思维能力。

3.LSAT 的备考策略（1）熟悉考试结构和题型：考生需要了解 LSAT 的各个部分和题型，以便更好地应对考试。

（2）提高阅读速度和理解能力：阅读是 LSAT 的重要部分，考生需要通过大量阅读来提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。

（3）加强逻辑推理训练：逻辑推理部分是 LSAT 的关键，考生需要通过练习逻辑题来提高自己的逻辑分析能力。

（4）锻炼写作能力：分析性写作部分需要考生具备较强的写作和批判性思维能力，考生需要多进行写作练习，提高自己的写作水平。

4.LSAT 对法学院申请的重要性LSAT 成绩是申请法学院的重要依据之一，它直接影响到考生能否被录取以及获得的奖学金数额。

因此，对于有意申请法学院的考生来说，取得优异的 LSAT 成绩至关重要。

lsat infer题目

lsat infer题目LSAT（Logical Reasoning）推理题目是法学院入学考试（Law School Admission Test）中的一部分，主要考察考生的逻辑推理和批判性思维能力。

以下是几个LSAT推理题目的示例：1. A city has two hospitals: the General Hospital and the Children's Hospital. The General Hospital treats adults, while the Children's Hospital treats only children. Each hospital has a waiting room. One day, a family with three children enters the General Hospital's waiting room. Explain how this is possible.2. A police officer pulled over a speeding car and wrote a ticket for the driver. When the officer returned to his patrol car, he found that someone had set fire to it. Explain how this is possible.3. A restaurant owner claims that the best way to prepare a turkey is to roast it in the oven at 350 degrees Fahrenheit for two hours per pound. A customer challenges this claim, saying that a turkey should be cooked at 450 degrees Fahrenheit for one hour per pound. Who is correct? Explain why.4. A group of explorers enters a cave and finds a set of hieroglyphics on the wall. They cannot read them, so they take pictures and leave. Later, an Egyptologist examines the pictures and determines that the hieroglyphics say "Death to all who enter here." How did the Egyptologist know this? Explain why hieroglyphics were used by ancient Egyptians.这些题目都是基于现实生活中的场景或情境，要求考生通过逻辑推理和分析，找出合理的解释或推断出正确的结论。

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LSAT考试分析推理题：重点问题
LSAT考试由五个35分钟的section组成，这些section包括1个阅读理解、1个分析推理和2个逻辑推理，以及一个不计入成绩的加试section。

加试有可能是上述任一种题型。

下面就为大家整理了LSAT考试分析推理题，快来看看吧~
LSAT考试分析推理题：重点问题
When permits for the discharge of chemicals into a waterway are issued, they are issued in terms of the number of pounds each chemical that can be discharged into the waterway per day. These figures, calculated separately for each chemical for which a permit is issued, are based on an estimate of the effect of the dilution of the chemical by the amount of water flowing through the waterway. The waterway is therefore protected against being adversely affected by chemicals discharged under the permits.
The argument depends on the assumption that
(A) relatively harmless chemicals do not interact with each other in the water to form harmful compounds
(B) there is a swift flow of water in the waterway that ensures rapid dispersion of chemicals discharged
(C) those who receive the permits do not always discharge the entire quantity of chemicals that the permits allow
(D) the danger of chemical pollution of waterways is to be evaluated in terms of human health only and not in terms of the health of both human beings and wildlife
这个假设题目请大牛们重点讲解,A/B我的确是没有分开的我觉得两个都是假设.答案是A.
M: A是相关选项, 与原文中的separately对应, 如果取非,不同的chemical合成新的chemical, permit的作用就不存在了, 结论中的permits --> protection就不成立. 所以A是答案.
B的问题在于1. 和原文中的重点问题无关(见上) 2. 非必要条件,而是充分条件. 原文提到dilution, 所以chemical要被冲散,而不是聚集在某处. B是一个充分条件, 既:有A,就有dilution. 但是原文并没有提出B这种情况是唯一的办法. 既还有可能通过其它手段来解决dilution的问题.
推荐阅读--解题技巧
1·在解答每一组问题时，将其作为一个单元。

分析推理问题要求考生分析一组复杂的条件，并且在做该组试题时，将上述条件牢记在心。

因此，要将每一组问题作为一个单元，并且尽量将本组试题做完。

在前一组问题全部做完以前，不要做下一组问题;因为等你回过头来再熟悉前一组问题的条件时会浪费很多时间。

但是，在每一组问题里面，可以先做容易的，然后再做较难的。

一般来说，句子里有"if,must"等词的可以先做，有"coule,except,cannot"等词的可以后做。

2·解题时尽可能多使用简写字和符号。

分析推理试题初看可能感觉关系复杂，但是掌握一些简写技巧后，就比
较清楚了。

比如人名、物品等可以用其第一个字母表示。